United Kingdom general election debates, 2015

David Cameron
Conservative		 Ed Miliband
Labour		 Nick Clegg
Liberal Democrats
Nigel Farage
UKIP		 Natalie Bennett
Green Party		 Nicola Sturgeon
SNP
Leanne Wood
Plaid Cymru
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The term "United Kingdom general election debates" of 2015 refers to a series of four live television programmes featuring the main political party leaders that took place in March/April 2015 in the run-up to the general election. After various prior proposals and arguments over which parties should be represented,[1][2] there was a single debate between the leaders of seven British parties:[3]

There was a second debate involving the "challengers", those in the above list who were not members of the outgoing coalition government. There were also two programmes - one with Cameron and Miliband; one with Cameron, Miliband and Clegg - in which the leaders answered questions but did not debate head-to-head.

Following the result of the election, a survey of 3,019 people, carried out by Panelbase, found that 38% of voters considered the debates to have influenced their voting intention.[4][5]

Background

The first series of televised leaders' debates in the United Kingdom were held in the previous election. Broadcasters proposed another series of televised debates in the run up to the 2015 election, although in a different format. The suggestion was that the debates should take place during the early stages of the campaign, before April.[6] Cameron suggested that the televised debates should take place before the campaign itself, as he felt that the 2010 debates overshadowed the rest of the campaign; he was, however, still positive towards them taking place.[7][8]

There was media speculation from individuals such as Michael Crick of Channel 4 News as to who may be included in the debates. He suggested that if UKIP did not receive sufficient coverage, they could make a legal case against broadcasters that under-represent the party, if the leaders of the Conservative Party, Labour Party and Liberal Democrats are included.[6][9][10] Prime Minister David Cameron had dismissed the call for UKIP's participation.[11] The Leader of the Opposition Ed Miliband said in January 2013 that the composition of each debate was a matter for the media organisations.[12]

In the run-up to the European Parliament election, 2014, there were two debates between the leader of the Liberal Democrats Nick Clegg and the UK Independence Party leader Nigel Farage. According to polling, Mr Farage is reported to have comfortably won both debates[13] and this prompted further speculation that Farage could or should be invited to take part in the debates ahead of the general election.[14][15][16][17] UKIP won the European elections, topping the poll. This further strengthened Farage's case and increased calls for UKIP to be represented in such TV debates.[18][19][20][21]

In October 2014, the BBC, ITV, Channel 4 and Sky News announced joint plans for three debates, one with just the leaders of the Conservative and Labour parties, a second also including the Liberal Democrats, and a third including UKIP.[22] Several other parties represented in the Commons complained at their exclusion from this plan.[23] On 30 October the Green Party were informed by the BBC that their requests to be included in TV debates was rejected.[24] However, the Green Party did not give up, and were boosted by the existence of a petition in support of their inclusion with over 275,000 signatures.[25]

David Cameron then said that he would not take part unless the Greens did. As a result of this combined pressure, ITV and the BBC published revised plans in January 2015, including the Greens, as well as the SNP and Plaid Cymru (who only stand in Scotland and Wales respectively). Many of the Northern Irish political parties then made statements requesting their inclusion in the debates. Sinn Féin sought legal advice,[8] while the Democratic Unionist Party wrote to the BBC and ITV demanding their inclusion.[8][26] George Galloway, the sole MP for the Respect Party, also argued for his inclusion, on the basis that Respect then had the same number of MPs as the Greens.[27][28] The DUP's formal complaint was rejected by the BBC.[29]

Proposals

May 2014

On 9 May—almost exactly a year before the election date—David Cameron proposed a five-way debate, with the leaders of "all the main parties". This would be followed up by a separate "head to head" debate between himself and Labour's Ed Milliband. This itself was an adjustment from an earlier proposal of Cameron for three debates.[30]

October 2014

During October 2014, all four main broadcasters, the BBC, ITV, Channel 4 and Sky announced joint plans for multi-platform party leader debates in the run up to the 2015 General Election. Three debates would have taken place within the six-week campaign period, at a time when the parties were to be setting out their policies, to help further engage the audience with the election. The proposal entailed debates at fortnightly intervals on 2 April, 16 April and 30 April at locations around the UK.[31][32]

January 2015

In January 2015, ITV and the BBC published revised plans for the television election debates to include seven main UK political parties' leaders.[33] The revised proposals would see the debates being held on Thursdays: 2, 16, and 30 April 2015, during the general election campaign.

The proposals issued were for:

Warnings were given from all the broadcasters that if the leaders failed to turn up an 'empty chair' would be used instead. [35][36]

February 2015

On 23 February 2015, the broadcasters agreed on three debates:[37][38]

March 2015

On 4 March 2015 David Cameron stated, in what was described as a "final offer",[39] that he would only participate in a single debate, involving the leaders of the Conservatives, Labour, the Liberal Democrats, UKIP, the SNP, the Green Party, Plaid Cymru and possibly the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). He also said that the debate must occur before the start of the short campaign, i.e. before 30 March 2015.[40] His announcement effectively ruled out the proposed one on one debate between Ed Miliband and the Prime Minister, and raised the prospect of Cameron being "empty chaired" in debates involving other party leaders but not him.[41][42] On 6 March, the broadcasters confirmed that they intended to go ahead with all three debates.[2][43] In response to the possibility of Cameron being "empty chaired", Ofcom warned that broadcasters had to be careful about impartiality rules.[44]

The Telegraph and The Guardian, in association with Google and YouTube, then announced that they intended to hold an internet-broadcast live debate, which was planned to feature David Cameron, Ed Miliband, Nick Clegg, Nigel Farage, and Natalie Bennett, and had issued an invitation to the five party leaders. The debate was to be held on 26 or 27 March (before the short campaign, as favoured by the Conservatives). The Liberal Democrats nominally expressed their intention to participate; however there was concern that the absence of the SNP might prove to be an obstacle.[45][46] UKIP categorically agreed to participate.[46] Conservative chairman Grant Shapps expressed that he was in favour.[46] However, without any formal agreement forthcoming, the organisers wrote to David Cameron on 17 March asking for his commitment.[3] The debate did not take place.

That day, the Conservatives accepted the offer of a single, 7-way debate to be broadcast on ITV on 2 April,[3][44] with the other two planned debates cancelled.[47] According to the Conservatives, they were approached with a new 4-programme plan,[47] which was reported to be:

The Liberal Democrats accepted these proposals, but Nick Clegg has said he still hoped for a four-way leaders debate involving the Conservatives, Labour, Liberal Democrats and UKIP (as the four main parties as defined by Ofcom).[48] However, Labour and UKIP responded that they are only aware of the prior proposal from the broadcasters for three debates, which they still supported.[39][47] The SNP, likewise, called on Cameron to take part in the three debates previously proposed.[47] Commentators argued that the new proposed format would be better for the Conservatives than having three debates including a head-to-head with Miliband.[49][50]

Negotiations continued, with the broadcasters offering to include Labour in the 16 April debate.[51] A final settlement was reached on 21 March. The agreed schedule was only a slight modification of the 17 March proposal, with the "challenger party" debates now featuring Ed Milliband instead of a representative from the DUP, with resistance from the DUP.[52] The final plan was thus:

Impact

The controversies around the initial planned exclusion of the Greens from the debates coincided with rapid increases in membership of the Green parties, and increase in their opinion poll ratings.[54] The party referred to this increase as "The Green Surge", their membership surpassing that of UKIP or the Liberal Democrats by mid-January.[55]

Cameron & Miliband: The Battle for Number 10 (26 March)

Channel 4, Sky and the BBC News Channel broadcast the first programme on 26 March. Miliband, having won the toss, chose to go second,[56] so this programme consisted of Jeremy Paxman interviewing Cameron, Cameron facing questions from a studio audience (moderated by Kay Burley), Miliband facing the audience, and finally Paxman interviewing Miliband.

Response

Average viewing figures for the show were 2.6 million on Channel 4 (11.7% of the TV audience) and 322,000 on Sky News.[57] Several hundred complaints were received by Channel 4 and Ofcom claiming the programme was biased against Miliband.[57]

According to the Evening Standard the next day, Cameron was "widely deemed to have edged ahead".[58] A Guardian/ICM instant poll found 54% thought Cameron had won to 46% for Miliband, while a YouGov "Instant Reaction" survey found 51% for Cameron and 49% for Miliband. A subsequent regular YouGov poll found that among undecided voters, 49% thought Milband had done best to 35% for Cameron. The Centre for the Analysis of Social Media concluded the social media reaction was more favourable towards Miliband.[59] Newsnight's political editor called Miliband the winner.[60]

Labour's election polling improved after the programme in one poll[61] and was better among those who watched it with YouGov,[62] but Miliband's and Labour's polling worsened with ComRes[63][64] and other polling failed to show any impact of the debate.

The ITV Leaders' Debate (2 April)

Line up of the debate
The ITV Leaders' Debate held at MediaCityUK, Salford Quays

A two-hour debate between seven party leaders was hosted by ITV News anchor Julie Etchingham on 2 April in Salford. They were positioned on the stage as follows (left to right):[65]

The order in which each leader delivered their opening statement was decided by lots, with the order being Bennett, Farage, Clegg, Sturgeon, Cameron, Wood, and Miliband.[66]

Response

The audience for the debate averaged about 7 million, peaking at 7.4 million.[67]

Several polling organisations surveyed those who had viewed the debate immediately afterwards to select who they believed "won" the debate.[68]

Snap* opinion polls as reported by the BBC[68]
Survey Organiser's/Political Party Leader Natalie Bennett
(GPEW)		 Nick Clegg
(Lib Dems)		 Nigel Farage
(UKIP)		 Ed Miliband
(Lab)		 Leanne Wood
(Plaid)		 Nicola Sturgeon
(SNP)		 David Cameron
(Con)
ICM (The Guardian)[69] 3% 9% 19% 25% 2% 17% 24%
ComRes (ITV)[70] 5% 9% 21% 21% 2% 20% 21%
YouGov (The Times / The Sun)[71] 5% 10% 20% 15% 4% 28% 18%
Survation (Daily Mirror)[72] 3% 6% 24% 25% 2% 15% 25%

* "Snap" is based on the phrase "snap decision".

On a forced choice between Cameron and Miliband, Survation found Cameron the winner.[73][74]

There were 1.4 million tweets about the debate, with the most tweeted moment being Farage's comments about HIV+ immigrants.[75] Sturgeon's Twitter account received most mentions, followed by Farage, Bennett, Miliband, Wood, Cameron and Clegg. An IPSOS Mori analysis of tweets found them most favourable towards Sturgeon, then Wood, Bennett, Miliband and Clegg tied, Farage and least favourable to Cameron.

The Democratic Unionist Party, which is a Northern Irish unionist party, was not included on the television debates. Nigel Dodds, the Deputy Leader for the Party, said that:

It is wrong that Northern Ireland should be excluded [from the TV debates], after all the Democratic Unionist Party has 8 MPs currently in the outgoing parliament and we're going to play a very crucial role in the next parliament. We're bigger than four of the other parties that were included in the debate, so I think that it's only fair and proper that all regions of the United Kingdom are represented.[76]

BBC Election Debate 2015 (16 April)

A debate between five opposition party leaders hosted by David Dimbleby was shown on BBC1 on 16 April. It was also available on the BBC News and Sky News channels. The debate was held at the Methodist Central Hall in Westminster, London. The leaders involved were:

The other parties criticised Cameron's absence from the debate.[77] Clegg, despite wishing to attend, was also omitted from the debate, with reports saying Cameron blocked his presence, but Conservative Party sources said the decision was the broadcasters'.[78]

Response

Across all three channels, 8.8 million watched at least a portion of the programme.[79]

Miliband was judged to have won the debate in a snap poll from Survation, with 35% to Sturgeon on 31%, Farage on 27%, Bennett on 5% and then Wood on 2%.[80][81] The most mentioned on Twitter was Miliband, followed by Sturgeon.[82]

Allegations of Audience Bias

During the 16 April debate, Nigel Farage accused the BBC of a left-wing bias in selecting the studio audience, saying: "There seems to be a total lack of comprehension on this panel, and indeed among this audience, which is a remarkable audience even by the Left-wing standard of the BBC. This lot’s pretty Left-wing, believe me." The other party leaders were critical of Farage's comments. When Ed Miliband told him "It's never a good idea to attack the audience," Farage replied: "No, the real audience is at home, actually."[83]

The BBC explained that the audience had not been selected by them, but by an independent polling organisation in such a way as to give a balanced audience.[84][85]

Question Time special (30 April)

David Cameron, Ed Miliband and Nick Clegg were the featured in a BBC Question Time special programme at Leeds Town Hall on 30 April presented by David Dimbleby from 20:00 BST to 21:30 BST.[86] Nigel Farage, Nicola Sturgeon and Leanne Wood were each featured in separate question and answer events hosted by the BBC after the Question Time special programme.[87] These events were broadcast that night by the BBC and Sky News channels. In each event the host asked members of the audience to ask the party leaders various pre-prepared questions about varying topics. The audience in each event was sorted by their political affiliation and the topic of their questions.

Question Time with David Dimbleby

David Cameron, Ed Miliband and Nick Clegg were each were given about half an hour to answer questions from the audience while David Dimbleby moderated. At this event, David Cameron refused to rule out cutting child benefits.[88] Ed Miliband declared that he would either be Prime Minister with a majority of seats in Parliament or not be in power at all rather than form a coalition with the Scottish National Party.[89]

Response

An instant Guardian/ICM poll declared that Cameron had 'won the debate' with 44% - Ed Miliband came second with 38% and Nick Clegg finished last with 19%.[90]

Ask...

Nicola Sturgeon was given about half an hour to answer questions from an audience at the BBC's Scotland Headquarters in Glasgow. Ask Nicola Sturgeon was broadcast at 21:30 BST on BBC1 in Scotland.[91][92]

Plaid Cymru leader Leanne Wood and UKIP leader Nigel Farage recorded half-hour programmes earlier in the day. Leanne Wood's programme was called Ask Leanne Wood and was recorded in a studio in Cardiff. Nigel Farage's programme was called Ask Nigel Farage and was recorded in Birmingham. Ask Leanne Wood was broadcast on BBC1 in Wales at 22:45 BST. Ask Nigel Farage was broadcast on BBC1 in England at 22:45 BST. Ask Nigel Farage was broadcast on BBC1 in Wales at 23:10 BST.[93]

Debates for Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales

Scotland

Scotland Debates (7 April)

STV broadcast the first Scottish Leaders Debate in the run up to the General Election, which was moderated by STV's political correspondent Bernard Ponsonby. The debate took place between :

The Scottish Green Party protested that it was unfair that they were excluded from this debate.

The Leaders' Debate - Scotland (8 April)

This BBC Scotland[94] debate took place in the Elphinstone Hall in Aberdeen University. It was moderated by James Cook. It included six Scottish Party Leaders:

Sunday Politics Scotland Debate (12 April)

The 40-minute debate, with Jim Murphy, Ruth Davidson, Willie Rennie and Nicola Sturgeon, was broadcast on Sunday Politics Scotland. The debate was criticised, with many of the public claiming it was a "shambles".[95][96]

The Leaders' Debate (3 May)

This debate was shown on BBC One Scotland and BBC News and featured representatives from the Conservatives, Labour, Liberal Democrats and the SNP.[94]

Northern Ireland

Newsnight in Northern Ireland (16 April 2015)

Newsnight hosted a political debate between the representatives of Northern Ireland's five largest parties. It was held in Broadcasting House in Belfast and hosted by Evan Davis. The participants were as follows:

This was broadcast on 16 April 2015, the same night the BBC Election Debate at Westminster. This was seen as an attempt by the BBC to include the Northern Ireland parties in the UK General Election as they were not included in the nationwide BBC or ITV debates although the local debates organised by BBC NI and UTV were to be broadcast across the rest of the UK. The debate was televised live from Belfast on BBC One Northern Ireland and on BBC Two across the rest of the United Kingdom.

UTV Debate

UTV held a one-hour election debate on 28 April 2015 from 8pm-9pm presented from UTV studios in Belfast by Mark Mallett featuring the 5 main Northern Ireland Parties. The participants were;

UTV held a second half hour election debate on 28 April 2015 from 10.45pm-11.15pm presented from UTV studios in Belfast by Mark Mallett featuring the smaller Parties standing in Northern Ireland. The participants were:

[98]

The first debate featuring the main 5 Northern Ireland parties was broadcast later that evening on the national ITV network after the News at Ten, but not by STV.

BBC NI Debate

BBC Northern Ireland held a primetime TV debate between the main Northern Ireland parties: DUP, Sinn Féin, SDLP, UUP and Alliance.[99] and this happened just 2 days before the Election on Tuesday 5 May 2015. The debate was chaired by Noel Thompson.[100] The participants were;

The debate was broadcast Live on BBC One Northern Ireland between 8pm-9.15pm and simulcast on the BBC News Channel, following the debate BBC Northern Ireland broadcast reaction between 9.15pm-10pm with Tara Mills. The debate was also broadcast at 11.20pm on BBC Two across the rest of the United Kingdom following Newsnight.

Wales

Wales Election Debate

Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama

A televised debate took place 22 April 2015, It was held at the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama in Cardiff. The debate was between:

It was broadcast live on ITV Wales between 8pm and 10pm.

The Wales Report: The Leaders Election Debate

Sherman Theatre

BBC Wales televised debate took place 1 May 2015, It was held at the Sherman Theatre in Cardiff, chaired by Huw Edwards. The participants were:

It was broadcast live on BBC One Wales between 8.30pm-10pm on 1 May 2015.

Daily Politics debates

During the run up to the general election, the Daily Politics held a series of special editions of the programme featuring debates moderated by Andrew Neill and another BBC correspondent and involving representatives from several political parties. They were:

Issue Date Correspondent Conservative Labour Liberal Democrat UKIP Green SNP/PC
Environment 20 April Roger Harrabin Matthew Hancock Caroline Flint Ed Davey Roger Helmer Andrew Cooper —
Foreign Affairs 21 April Bridget Kendall Philip Hammond Douglas Alexander Tim Farron The Earl of Dartmouth Patrick Harvie —
Economy 22 April Robert Peston David Gauke Chris Leslie The Lord Newby Patrick O'Flynn — Stewart Hosie (SNP)
Education 23 April Branwen Jeffreys Nicky Morgan Tristram Hunt David Laws Jonathan Arnott James Humphreys —
Home Affairs 27 April Mark Easton Theresa May Yvette Cooper Norman Baker Steven Woolfe — Simon Thomas (PC)
Defence 28 April Mark Urban Michael Fallon Vernon Coaker Nick Harvey — Rebecca Johnson Angus Robertson (SNP)
Health 29 April Hugh Pym Jeremy Hunt Andy Burnham Norman Lamb Angus Dalgleish Jillian Creasy —
Welfare 5 May Alison Holt Iain Duncan Smith Rachel Reeves Steve Webb Suzanne Evans Jonathan Bartley —
Trust in Politics 6 May Jo Coburn William Hague Harriet Harman The Baroness Brinton Diane James — Alyn Smith (SNP)

Regional debates

Regional debates were also been held by the BBC, featuring local correspondents and local politicians from the main political parties. They were broadcast simultaneously in each of England's regions on 29 April at 10:50pm. They were:

Region Correspondent Conservative Labour Liberal Democrat UKIP Green Respect
East England Stewart White Elizabeth Truss Andy Sawford Norman Lamb Douglas Carswell Rupert Read —
East Midlands Marie Ashby Robert Jenrick Chris Leslie Lucy Care Roger Helmer Kat Boettge —
East Yorkshire & Lincolnshire Tim Iredale Karl McCartney Diana Johnson Claire Thomas Victoria Ayling Vicky Dunn —
London Andrew Neil Priti Patel Sadiq Khan Simon Hughes Richard Hilton Shahrar Ali —
North East & Cumbria Carol Malia Guy Opperman Julie Elliott Helen Flynn Phillip Broughton Jill Perry —
North West Roger Johnson Ben Wallace Lucy Powell Gordon Birtwistle John Bickley Elizabeth Ward —
South England Sally Taylor Penny Mordaunt Rowenna Davis Layla Moran Mike Glennon Mark Chivers —
South East Polly Evans Michael Fallon Peter Kyle Norman Baker Mark Reckless The Baroness Jones —
South West Justin Leigh Sarah Newton Ben Bradshaw Dan Rogerson Steve Crowther Emily McIvor —
West Country David Garmston Jacob Rees-Mogg Thangam Debbonaire Tessa Munt Steve Stanbury Dominic Tristram —
West Midlands Mary Rhodes Sajid Javid Tristram Hunt Lorely Burt Suzanne Evans Will Duckworth —
Yorkshire Harry Gration Julian Smith Mary Creagh Greg Mulholland Toby Horton Jillian Creasy Asama Javed

See also

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  97. ↑ "NI Parties in Election Debate". u.tv. UTV Northern Ireland. Retrieved 4.5.15. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  98. ↑ "NI Debates as they happened". u.tv. UTV Northern Ireland. Retrieved 4.5.15. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  99. ↑ "BBC - BBC statement on meeting with the Democratic Unionist Party in Belfast - Media centre". bbc.co.uk.
  100. ↑ "BBC NI Election 2015". bbc.co.uk. BBC. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
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