Metharbital

Metharbital
Clinical data


Routes of administration	By mouth (tablets)
ATC code	N03AA30 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	CA: Schedule IV US: Schedule III
Identifiers
IUPAC name 5,5-Diethyl-1-methylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
Synonyms	Endiemal, metharbitone, methobarbitone^[1]
CAS Number	50-11-3^Y
PubChem (CID)	4099
IUPHAR/BPS	7230
DrugBank	DB00463^Y
ChemSpider	3957^Y
UNII	02OS7K758T^Y
KEGG	D01382^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL450^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.011
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₉H₁₄N₂O₃
Molar mass	198.219 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=C1N(C(=O)NC(=O)C1(CC)CC)C
InChI InChI=1S/C9H14N2O3/c1-4-9(5-2)6(12)10-8(14)11(3)7(9)13/h4-5H2,1-3H3,(H,10,12,14)^Y Key:FWJKNZONDWOGMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y
(verify)

Metharbital was patented in 1905 by Emil Fischer working for Merck.^[2] It was marketed as Gemonil by Abbott Laboratories. It is a barbiturate anticonvulsant, used in the treatment of epilepsy.^[3]^[4] It has similar properties to phenobarbital.

History

1952 Gemonil was introduced by Abbott Laboratories.
1990 Abbott stopped marketing.

Synthesis

Metharbital can be synthesized from 2,2-diethylmalonic acid and O-methylisourea.^[5]^[6]^[7]

References

↑ The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database: Metharbital
↑ US Patent 782742
↑ The Treatment of Epilepsy 2nd Ed by S. D. Shorvon (Editor), David R. Fish (Editor), Emilio Perucca (Editor), W. Edwin Dodson (Editor). Published by Blackwell 2004. ISBN 0-632-06046-8
↑ The Medical Treatment of Epilepsy by Stanley R Resor. Published by Marcel Dekker (1991). ISBN 0-8247-8549-5
↑ A. Halpern, J.W. Jones, J. Am. Pharm. Assoc., 38, 352 (1949)
↑ Snyder, J. A.; Link, K. P. (1953). "Preparation and Characterization by Alkaline Methanolysis of 5,5-Diethyl-4-(tetraacetyl-β-D-glucosyloxy)-2,6(1,5)-pyrimidinedione". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 75 (8): 1881. doi:10.1021/ja01104a030.
↑ U.S. Patent 782,742

Anticonvulsants (N03)

GABAergics

GABA_AR PAMs	Barbiturates: Barbexaclone Metharbital Methylphenobarbital Pentobarbital Phenobarbital^# Primidone; Carbamates: Felbamate; Benzodiazepines: Clobazam Clonazepam Clorazepate Diazepam^# Lorazepam^# Midazolam Nimetazepam Nitrazepam Temazepam; Others: Bromide (potassium bromide, sodium bromide) Paraldehyde Stiripentol

GABA-T inhibitors	Fatty acids: Valproate Valpromide Valproate pivoxil; Others: Ethanolamine-O-sulfate Vigabatrin

Others	GABAR agonists: Progabide; GAT-1 inhibitors: Tiagabine

Channelergics

Sodium blockers	Hydantoins: Ethotoin Fosphenytoin Mephenytoin Phenytoin^#; Ureides: Acetylpheneturide Chlorphenacemide Phenacemide^‡ Pheneturide; Fatty acids: Valproate Valpromide Valproate pivoxil; Carboxamides: Carbamazepine^# Eslicarbazepine acetate Oxcarbazepine; Others: Lacosamide Lamotrigine Rufinamide Topiramate Zonisamide

Calcium blockers	Oxazolidinediones: Ethadione Paramethadione Trimethadione; Succinimides: Ethosuximide^# Mesuximide Phensuximide; Gabapentinoids: Gabapentin Pregabalin; Others: Lamotrigine Topiramate Zonisamide

Potassium openers	Retigabine

Others

CA inhibitors	Sulfonamides: Acetazolamide Ethoxzolamide Sultiame Topiramate Zonisamide

Others	Beclamide Brivaracetam Levetiracetam Perampanel

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulators

Alcohols	Brometone Butanol Chloralodol Chlorobutanol (cloretone) Ethanol (drinking alcohol) Ethchlorvynol Isobutanol Isopropanol Menthol Methanol Methylpentynol Pentanol Petrichloral Propanol tert-Butanol (2M2P) tert-Pentanol (2M2B) Tribromoethanol Trichloroethanol Triclofos Trifluoroethanol

Barbiturates	(-)-DMBB Allobarbital Alphenal Amobarbital Aprobarbital Barbexaclone Barbital Benzobarbital Benzylbutylbarbiturate Brallobarbital Brophebarbital Butabarbital/Secbutabarbital Butalbital Buthalital Butobarbital Butallylonal Carbubarb CP-1414S Crotylbarbital Cyclobarbital Cyclopentobarbital Difebarbamate Enallylpropymal Ethallobarbital Eterobarb Febarbamate Heptabarb Heptobarbital Hexethal Hexobarbital Metharbital Methitural Methohexital Methylphenobarbital Narcobarbital Nealbarbital Pentobarbital Phenallymal Phenobarbital Phetharbital Primidone Probarbital Propallylonal Propylbarbital Proxibarbital Reposal Secobarbital Sigmodal Spirobarbital Talbutal Tetrabamate Tetrabarbital Thialbarbital Thiamylal Thiobarbital Thiobutabarbital Thiopental Thiotetrabarbital Valofane Vinbarbital Vinylbital

Benzodiazepines	2-Oxoquazepam 3-Hydroxyphenazepam Adinazolam Alprazolam Arfendazam Avizafone Bentazepam Bretazenil Bromazepam Brotizolam Camazepam Carburazepam Chlordiazepoxide Ciclotizolam Cinazepam Cinolazepam Clazolam Climazolam Clobazam Clonazepam Clonazolam Clorazepate Clotiazepam Cloxazolam Cyprazepam Delorazepam Demoxepam Diazepam Diclazepam Doxefazepam Elfazepam Estazolam Ethyl carfluzepate Ethyl dirazepate Ethyl loflazepate Etizolam EVT-201 FG-8205 Fletazepam Flubromazepam Flubromazolam Fludiazepam Flunitrazepam Flurazepam Flutazolam Flutemazepam Flutoprazepam Fosazepam Gidazepam Halazepam Haloxazolam Iclazepam Imidazenil Irazepine Ketazolam Lofendazam Lopirazepam Loprazolam Lorazepam Lormetazepam Meclonazepam Medazepam Menitrazepam Metaclazepam Mexazolam Midazolam Motrazepam N-Desalkylflurazepam Nifoxipam Nimetazepam Nitrazepam Nitrazepate Nitrazolam Nordazepam Nortetrazepam Oxazepam Oxazolam Phenazepam Pinazepam Pivoxazepam Prazepam Premazepam Proflazepam Pyrazolam QH-II-66 Quazepam Reclazepam Remimazolam Rilmazafone Ripazepam Ro48-6791 Ro48-8684 SH-053-R-CH3-2′F Sulazepam Temazepam Tetrazepam Tolufazepam Triazolam Triflubazam Triflunordazepam (Ro5-2904) Tuclazepam Uldazepam Zapizolam Zolazepam Zomebazam

Carbamates	Carisbamate Carisoprodol Clocental Cyclarbamate Difebarbamate Emylcamate Ethinamate Febarbamate Felbamate Hexapropymate Lorbamate Mebutamate Meprobamate Nisobamate Pentabamate Phenprobamate Procymate Styramate Tetrabamate Tybamate

Flavonoids	6-Methylapigenin Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin) Apigenin Baicalein Baicalin Catechin EGC EGCG Hispidulin Linarin Luteolin Rc-OMe Skullcap constituents (e.g., baicalin) Wogonin

Imidazoles	Etomidate Metomidate Propoxate

Kava constituents	10-Methoxyyangonin 11-Methoxyyangonin 11-Hydroxyyangonin Desmethoxyyangonin 11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain 7,8-Dihydroyangonin Kavain 5-Hydroxykavain 5,6-Dihydroyangonin 7,8-Dihydrokavain 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin 5,6-Dehydromethysticin Methysticin 7,8-Dihydromethysticin Yangonin

Monoureides	Acecarbromal Apronal (apronalide) Bromisoval Carbromal Capuride Ectylurea

Neuroactive steroids	Acebrochol Allopregnanolone (SAGE-547) Alfadolone Alfaxalone Anabolic steroids 3α-Androstanediol Androstenol Androsterone Cholesterol DHDOC 3α-DHP 5α-DHP 5β-DHP DHT Etiocholanolone Ganaxolone Hydroxydione Minaxolone Org 20599 Org 21465 P1-185 Pregnanolone (eltanolone) Progesterone Renanolone SAGE-105 SAGE-217 SAGE-324 SAGE-516 SAGE-689 SAGE-872 Testosterone THDOC

Nonbenzodiazepines	β-Carbolines: Abecarnil Gedocarnil Harmane SL-651,498 ZK-93423; Cyclopyrrolones: Eszopiclone Pagoclone Pazinaclone Suproclone Suriclone Zopiclone; Imidazopyridines: Alpidem DS-1 Necopidem Saripidem Zolpidem; Pyrazolopyrimidines: Divaplon Fasiplon Indiplon Lorediplon Ocinaplon Panadiplon Taniplon Zaleplon; Others: Adipiplon CGS-8216 CGS-9896 CGS-13767 CGS-20625 CL-218,872 CP-615,003 CTP-354 ELB-139 GBLD-345 JM-1232 L-838,417 Lirequinil (Ro41-3696) NS-2664 NS-2710 NS-11394 Pipequaline ROD-188 RWJ-51204 SB-205,384 SX-3228 TGSC01AA TP-003 TPA-023 TP-13 U-89843A U-90042 Viqualine Y-23684

Phenols	Fospropofol Propofol Thymol

Piperidinediones	Glutethimide Methyprylon Piperidione Pyrithyldione

Pyrazolopyridines	Cartazolate Etazolate ICI-190,622 Tracazolate

Quinazolinones	Afloqualone Cloroqualone Diproqualone Etaqualone Mebroqualone Mecloqualone Methaqualone Methylmethaqualone Nitromethaqualone SL-164

Volatiles/gases	Acetone Acetophenone Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate Aliflurane Benzene Butane Butylene Centalun Chloral Chloral betaine Chloral hydrate Chloroform Cryofluorane Desflurane Dichloralphenazone Dichloromethane Diethyl ether Enflurane Ethyl chloride Ethylene Fluroxene Gasoline Halopropane Halothane Isoflurane Kerosine Methoxyflurane Methoxypropane Nitric oxide Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Norflurane Paraldehyde Propane Propylene Roflurane Sevoflurane Synthane Teflurane Toluene Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) Trichloroethylene Vinyl ether

Others/unsorted	3-Hydroxybutanal α-EMTBL AA-29504 Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin) Bromide compounds (e.g., lithium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium bromide) Carbamazepine Chloralose Chlormezanone Clomethiazole DEABL Dihydroergolines (e.g., dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergosine, dihydroergotamine, ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)) DS2 Efavirenz Etazepine Etifoxine Fenamates (e.g., flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid, niflumic acid, tolfenamic acid) Fluoxetine Flupirtine Hopantenic acid Lanthanum Lavender oil Lignans (e.g., 4-O-methylhonokiol, honokiol, magnolol, obovatol) Loreclezole Menthyl isovalerate (validolum) Monastrol Niacin Nicotinamide (niacinamide) Org 25,435 Phenytoin Propanidid Retigabine (ezogabine) Safranal Seproxetine Stiripentol Sulfonylalkanes (e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal), tetronal, trional) Terpenoids (e.g., borneol) Topiramate Valerian constituents (e.g., isovaleric acid, isovaleramide, valerenic acid, valerenol) Unsorted benzodiazepine site PAMs: MRK-409 (MK-0343) TCS-1105 TCS-1205

See also: GABAergics

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 9/3/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.