CCL8
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Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8 (CCL8), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL8 gene.[2][3]
CCL8 is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. The CCL8 protein is produced as a precursor containing 109 amino acids, which is cleaved to produce mature CCL8 containing 75 amino acids. The gene for CCL8 is encoded by 3 exons and is located within a large cluster of CC chemokines on chromosome 17q11.2 in humans.[3][4] MCP-2 is chemotactic for and activates a many different immune cells, including mast cells, eosinophils and basophils, (that are implicated in allergic responses), and monocytes, T cells, and NK cells that are involved in the inflammatory response.[5][6] CCL8 elicits its effects by binding to several different cell surface receptors called chemokine receptors. These receptors include CCR1, CCR2B and CCR5.[6]
CCL8 is a CC chemokine that utilizes multiple cellular receptors to attract and activate human leukocytes.CCL8 is a potent inhibitor of HIV1 by virtue of its high-affinity binding to the receptor CCR5, one of the major co-receptors for HIV1.[7]
References
- ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8".
- 1 2 Van Coillie E, Fiten P, Nomiyama H, Sakaki Y, Miura R, Yoshie O, Van Damme J, Opdenakker G (March 1997). "The human MCP-2 gene (SCYA8): cloning, sequence analysis, tissue expression, and assignment to the CC chemokine gene contig on chromosome 17q11.2". Genomics. 40 (2): 323–31. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.4594. PMID 9119400.
- ↑ Van Damme J, Proost P, Lenaerts JP, Opdenakker G (July 1992). "Structural and functional identification of two human, tumor-derived monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCP-2 and MCP-3) belonging to the chemokine family". J. Exp. Med. 176 (1): 59–65. doi:10.1084/jem.176.1.59. PMC 2119277
. PMID 1613466. - ↑ Proost P, Wuyts A, Van Damme J (January 1996). "Human monocyte chemotactic proteins-2 and -3: structural and functional comparison with MCP-1". J. Leukoc. Biol. 59 (1): 67–74. PMID 8558070.
- 1 2 Gong W, Howard OM, Turpin JA, Grimm MC, Ueda H, Gray PW, Raport CJ, Oppenheim JJ, Wang JM (February 1998). "Monocyte chemotactic protein-2 activates CCR5 and blocks CD4/CCR5-mediated HIV-1 entry/replication". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (8): 4289–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.8.4289. PMID 9468473.
- ↑ PDB: 1ESR; Blaszczyk J, Coillie EV, Proost P, Damme JV, Opdenakker G, Bujacz GD, Wang JM, Ji X (November 2000). "Complete crystal structure of monocyte chemotactic protein-2, a CC chemokine that interacts with multiple receptors". Biochemistry. 39 (46): 14075–81. doi:10.1021/bi0009340. PMID 11087354.
Further reading
- Struyf S, Proost P, Vandercappellen J, et al. (2009). "Synergistic up-regulation of MCP-2/CCL8 activity is counteracted by chemokine cleavage, limiting its inflammatory and anti-tumoral effects.". Eur. J. Immunol. 39 (3): 843–57. doi:10.1002/eji.200838660. PMID 19224633.
- Rom S, Rom I, Passiatore G, et al. (2010). "CCL8/MCP-2 is a target for mir-146a in HIV-1-infected human microglial cells.". FASEB J. 24 (7): 2292–300. doi:10.1096/fj.09-143503. PMC 2887261. PMID 20181935.
- Menon R, Pearce B, Velez DR, et al. (2009). "Racial disparity in pathophysiologic pathways of preterm birth based on genetic variants.". Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 7: 62. doi:10.1186/1477-7827-7-62. PMC 2714850. PMID 19527514.
- Segat L, Brandão LA, Guimarães RL, et al. (2010). "Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes and patients response to dendritic cell-based HIV immuno-treatment.". Vaccine. 28 (10): 2201–6. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.12.056. PMID 20056178.
- Rajaraman P, Brenner AV, Butler MA, et al. (2009). "Common variation in genes related to innate immunity and risk of adult glioma.". Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 18 (5): 1651–8. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-1041. PMC 2771723. PMID 19423540.
- Han S, Lan Q, Park AK, et al. (2010). "Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes and risk of childhood leukemia.". Hum. Immunol. 71 (7): 727–30. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2010.04.004. PMC 2967770. PMID 20438785.
- Velez DR, Fortunato SJ, Thorsen P, et al. (2008). "Preterm birth in Caucasians is associated with coagulation and inflammation pathway gene variants.". PLoS ONE. 3 (9): e3283. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003283. PMC 2553267. PMID 18818748.
- Villa C, Venturelli E, Fenoglio C, et al. (2009). "CCL8/MCP-2 association analysis in patients with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration.". J. Neurol. 256 (8): 1379–81. doi:10.1007/s00415-009-5138-y. PMID 19415413.
- Siezen CL, Bont L, Hodemaekers HM, et al. (2009). "Genetic susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in preterm children is associated with airway remodeling genes and innate immune genes.". Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 28 (4): 333–5. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31818e2aa9. PMID 19258923.
- Vyshkina T, Sylvester A, Sadiq S, et al. (2008). "CCL genes in multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus.". J. Neuroimmunol. 200 (1-2): 145–52. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.05.016. PMID 18602166.
- Ruhwald M, Bodmer T, Maier C, et al. (2008). "Evaluating the potential of IP-10 and MCP-2 as biomarkers for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.". Eur. Respir. J. 32 (6): 1607–15. doi:10.1183/09031936.00055508. PMID 18684849.
- Skibola CF, Bracci PM, Halperin E, et al. (2008). "Polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor 1 and vitamin C and matrix metalloproteinase gene families are associated with susceptibility to lymphoma.". PLoS ONE. 3 (7): e2816. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002816. PMC 2474696. PMID 18636124.
- Ockinger J, Stridh P, Beyeen AD, et al. (2010). "Genetic variants of CC chemokine genes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.". Genes Immun. 11 (2): 142–54. doi:10.1038/gene.2009.82. PMID 19865101.
- Xie Z, Zhang J, Wu J, et al. (2008). "Upregulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 by the AMP-activated protein kinase in endothelial cells attenuates oxidative stress in diabetes.". Diabetes. 57 (12): 3222–30. doi:10.2337/db08-0610. PMC 2584127. PMID 18835932.
- Rajaraman P, Brenner AV, Neta G, et al. (2010). "Risk of meningioma and common variation in genes related to innate immunity.". Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 19 (5): 1356–61. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-1151. PMC 3169167. PMID 20406964.
- Velez DR, Fortunato S, Thorsen P, et al. (2009). "Spontaneous preterm birth in African Americans is associated with infection and inflammatory response gene variants.". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 200 (2): 209.e1–27. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.08.051. PMID 19019335.
- Dean RA, Cox JH, Bellac CL, et al. (2008). "Macrophage-specific metalloelastase (MMP-12) truncates and inactivates ELR+ CXC chemokines and generates CCL2, -7, -8, and -13 antagonists: potential role of the macrophage in terminating polymorphonuclear leukocyte influx.". Blood. 112 (8): 3455–64. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-12-129080. PMID 18660381.
- Hori T, Naishiro Y, Sohma H, et al. (2008). "CCL8 is a potential molecular candidate for the diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease.". Blood. 111 (8): 4403–12. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-06-097287. PMC 2288733. PMID 18256320.
- Schuurhof A, Bont L, Siezen CL, et al. (2010). "Interleukin-9 polymorphism in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection: an opposite effect in boys and girls.". Pediatr. Pulmonol. 45 (6): 608–13. doi:10.1002/ppul.21229. PMID 20503287.
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