Munger district

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Munger.
Munger district
मुंगेर जिला ضلع مونگیر
District of Bihar

Location of Munger district in Bihar
Country India
State Bihar
Administrative division Munger
Headquarters Munger
Government
 • Lok Sabha constituencies Munger
 • Assembly seats Tarapur, Jamalpur and Munger
Area
 • Total 1,419.7 km2 (548.1 sq mi)
Population (2011)
 • Total 1,359,054
 • Density 960/km2 (2,500/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy 73.30 per cent
 • Sex ratio 879
Major highways NH-80, NH-333, NH-333B
Average annual precipitation 1146 mm
Website Official website

Munger district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state in eastern India. Munger city is the administrative headquarters of this district. Munger district is a part of Munger Division. Its literacy rate of 73.3% is higher than the state literacy rate of 63.8% and lower than national rate of 74.04

Etymology

The district is named after its headquarters, Munger. There are several traditions regarding the etymology of Munger. According to one tradition, the present name of the town is derived from its ancient name Mudgagiri, which is mentioned in the Mahbharata as well as the Munger copperlate inscription of Devapala. According to another tradition, the name of the town is derived from either sage Mudgala or Maudgalyayana, a disciple of Buddha. However, General Cunnigham had strong suspicion that the original name of the town was connected with the Mundas, who are the earliest residents of this region and C.E.A. Oldham thinks it was probably derived from Munigriha (the abode of the Muni).

History

The territory occupied by the present day Munger district was a part of Anga mahajanapada. The Mahabharata says that it was ruled by Karna. Mudgagiri (Munger) was the capital of the Pala empire. Bengal Nawab Mir Kasim fought one of the last battles before the East India Company captured the eastern India. The Fort built by him has three gates and the Ganges on its fourth sides. Munger was known as Monghyr throughout British rule. In the early years of British rule Munger and Bhagalpur was only one district as it was known as twin city.

Munger has seen five districts partitioned off from its territory: Begusarai in 1976;[1] Khagaria in 1988;[1] and Jamui in 1991;[2] and Lakhisarai district and Sheikhpura in 1994.[3][4] Saharsha and madhepura was also sometimes a part of Monghyr but it has not any strong supporting evidence.

The district is currently a part of the Red Corridor.[5]

Geography

Munger District is located in the southern part of Bihar and its headquarters is located on the southern bank of river Ganges. Munger district occupies an area of 1,419 square kilometres (548 sq mi),[6] comparatively equivalent to Russia's Urup Island.[7] It accounts for 3.3% of the area of Bihar . It lies between 240 22 N to 250 30 N latitude and 850 30 E to 870 3 E longitude.[8]

Bordered by river Ganges from north side. Lakhisarai and Begusarai districts(on the opposite banks of river Ganga) lies on the northwest and southwest side respectively. Jamui district on southern side, Bhagalpur and Banka districts on northeast and southeast sides respectively and Khagaria district on the northern side(across river Ganga).

Begusarai, Jamui, Sheikhpura, Khagaria and Lakhisarai districts were carved out of this district.

Munger district is so located in the southern Bihar and Munger town, its headquarters is located on the southern bank of the Ganges. The district lies between 24°20' and 25°30' north latitudes and between 85°37' and 87°30' east longitudes. The average height from the sea level is 30 to 65 m.

Rivers and lakes

The major rivers of this district are the Ganges, the Mohane, the Harohar and the Kiul.

Temple and village

Chandika temple (Saktipith) is one of the famous temple in this city. Dalahatta Buzar Kumhartoli is a small village, 80% people who staying here are kumhar by caste that make pots (Miiti ke bartan). Nearby the kumhar toli there a village named Bhat Toil where Pujari of Chandi Asthan lived This village basically had Bhat Brahmin, Brahmin, Rajput etc. . After the village a Rajput society namily Basduepur where One thousand Rajputs lives.one of the most famous village of Rajput is Parsando in Kharagpur where Shikarwar Rajputs lived along with Bhumihar, Brahmins, and other Backwards caste. Kalai is a village near Kharagpur having mostly Brahmins and Rajputs. Population supaur Jamua is a village situated at the Bank of Mohane river. This village was a centre of protest in India's freedom struggle and many high level Congress Leaders frequently visited this village (Kachahari) during 1920s-30s .[9] Bari Dudurga temple is in Shadipur. Rishi kund in patam, Sita Kund in Daryapur, Shiv Guru Dham in Daryapur, Kali Pahar in Jamalpur, Shivalaya near Lal Darbaza. Kashat harni Ghat in Fort Area,and Rath Hanuman Mandir in Bhattoli. Rataitha is one of the largest village in Munger District.

Climate

There are three distinct seasons in this zone, summer (March to May), monsoon (June to September) and winter (October to February). Average annual rainfall of this district is 1146 mm (average of 53 years).

Sub-divisions

Munger district comprises 3 Sub-divisions:

Munger Sadar sub-division comprises 4 blocks: Sadar, Jamalpur, Bariarpur, Dharhara. Kharagpur sub-division comprises 2 blocks: Kharagpur, Tetia Bambar. Tarapur sub-division comprises 3 blocks: Tarapur, Asarganj, Sangrampur.

Economy

In 2006, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Munger one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[10] It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[10]

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Munger district has a population of 1,359,054,[11] roughly equal to the nation of Swaziland[12] or the US state of Hawaii.[13] This gives it a ranking of 358th in India (out of a total of 640).[11] The district has a population density of 958 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,480/sq mi) .[11] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.45%.[11] Munger has a sex ratio of 879 females for every 1000 males,[11] and a literacy rate of 73.3%.[11]

Languages

Main Languages used in the district include Hindi, Angika, an Indo-Aryan language written in the Devanagari script and spoken by at least 725,000 people in the Angika Region.[14]

Flora and fauna

In 1976, Munger district became home to the Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary, which has an area of 682 km2 (263.3 sq mi).[15]

References

  1. 1 2 Law, Gwillim (2011-09-25). "Districts of India". Statoids. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  2. ↑ "Welcome To District Jamui,(Bihar) Website". jamui.bih.nic.in. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
  3. ↑ "Welcome To District Lakhisarai,(Bihar) Website". lakhisarai.bih.nic.in. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
  4. ↑ "This is the official website of District Administration of Sheikhpura,State Government of Bihar(India)". sheikhpura.bih.nic.in. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
  5. ↑ "83 districts under the Security Related Expenditure Scheme". IntelliBriefs. 2009-12-11. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
  6. ↑ Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1118–1119. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7.
  7. ↑ "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area". United Nations Environment Program. 1998-02-18. Retrieved 2011-10-11. Urup 1,436km2
  8. ↑ http://munger.bih.nic.in/
  9. ↑ http://ashishmunger.blogspot.com/
  10. 1 2 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (September 8, 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  12. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 2011-10-01. Swaziland 1,370,424
  13. ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-30. Hawaii 1,360,301
  14. ↑ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Angika: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
  15. ↑ Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment. "Protected areas: Bihar". Retrieved September 25, 2011.
 Begusarai district Khagaria district
Lakhisarai district Bhagalpur district
   Munger district  
Jamui district Banka district
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