Saran district

Saran district
सारण ज़िला
District of Bihar

Location of Saran district in Bihar
Country India
State Bihar
Administrative division Saran
Headquarters Chhapra
Government
 • Lok Sabha constituencies 1. Saran, 2. Maharajganj (shared with Siwan district)
 • Assembly seats Ekma, Manjhi, Baniapur, Taraiya, Marhaura, Chapra, Garkha, Amnour, Parsa, Sonepur
Area
 • Total 2,641 km2 (1,020 sq mi)
Population (2011)
 • Total 3,943,098
 • Density 1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy 72.57 per cent
 • Sex ratio 949
Major highways NH 28B, NH 85, NH 101, NH 102, NH 19
Website Official website

Saran District (Hindi: सारण) is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India.[1] The district, part of Saran Division (प्रमंडल), is also known as Chhapra district after the headquarters of the district, Chhapra.

History

In ancient times, Saran was part of Kosala Kingdom. The archaeological records suggests that Dighwara in Saran had supplied copper plate issued in the reign of king Mahendra paldeva in 898 A.D. In the Ain-i-Akbari, Saran was treated as one of the six Sarkars (Revenue Divisions) forming the Subah of province of Bihar, and in 1582 it was assessed to revenue by Akbar’s Finance Minister, Todar Mal. The old Saran district included the present districts of Saran, Siwan and Gopalganj. Later in 18th century, European merchant adventurers made settlements in the Saran district. The English were also attracted to Chapra about this time by the trade in salt petre, which was in great demand for the manufacture of gunpowder.

Hathwa Raj was a zamindar in the Saran Division of Bihar belonging to Bhumihar Brahmins, which encompassed 1,365 villages, was inhabited by more than 391,000 people, and produced an annual rental of almost a million rupees.[2]

Geography

Saran district occupies an area of 2,641 square kilometres (1,020 sq mi),[3] equivalent to Drenthe province in the Netherlands.

The district of Saran is situated between 25°36' and 26°13' north latitude and 84°24' and 85°15' east longitude in the southern post of the Saran Division of North Bihar. The Ganges river provides the southern boundary of the district, beyond which lie the districts of Bhojpur and Patna. To the north of Saran lie the districts of Siwan and Gopalganj. The Gandak river forms the dividing line with the Vaishali and Muzaffarpur districts in the east. To the west of Saran lie the districts of Siwan and Balia in Uttar Pradesh. The Ghaghra river forms a natural boundary between Saran and Ballia.

The district is shaped like a triangle; its apex is the confluence of the boundary of the Gopalganj district and the Gandak – Ganges river. The district is made up entirely of plains, but several depressions and marshes create three broad natural divisions:

Out of twenty blocks in the districts, six (Sonepur, Dighwara, Revelganj, chapra, Manjhi and Dariyapur) regularly flood. Six others are partially affected by floods (Parsa, Marhoura, Amnaur, Jalalpur, and Ekma). The soil of the district is alluvial. No minerals of economic value are found in the district.

Economy

It is one of the 38 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[4]

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Saran district has a population of 3,943,098,[5] roughly equal to the nation of Liberia[6] or the US state of Oregon.[7] This gives it a ranking of 60th in India (out of a total of 640).[5] The district has a population density of 1,493 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,870/sq mi).[5] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.37%.[5] Saran has a sex ratio of 949 females for every 1000 males,[5] and a literacy rate of 68.57%.[5]

Languages

Languages include Bhojpuri, a tongue in the Bihari language group with almost 40 000 000 speakers, written in both the Devanagari and Kaithi scripts.[8]

Divisions

A total of 3 Sub-Divisions(अनुमंडल) , 20 Community Development Blocks(प्रखण्ड) and 1764 villages constitute the present Saran district.

Sub Divisions

Saran District comprises three Sub-divisions:

Blocks

Chapra, Manjhi, Rivilganj, Ekma, Baniapur, Amnaur, Taraiya, (Sonpur, Parsa, Garkha, Dariapur, Dighwara), Jalalpur, Marhaura, Masarakh, Maker, Nagra, Panapur, Eisuapur, Lahladpur, Jantabazar

Institutions/Organisation

Loknayak Jai Prakash Institute Of Technology

A. Govt. Educational Institutions

1. Jai Prakash University 2. Rajendra College 3. Ram Jaipal College 4. Jagdam College 5. Polytechnic college, Marhurah 6. ITI Marhurah 7. Zila School 8. Rajendra Collegiate

B. Industrial Institutions

1. Saran Engineering, Marhurah 2. Saran Ditillary, Marhurah 3. Sugar Mill, Marhurah 4. Mortern Mill, Marhurah 5. Rail Wheel Factory, Daryapur 6. Rail Coach Factory, Sonpur 7. Locomotive Diesel Engine Factory, Marhurah

Culture

Saran district is very rich in cultural activities. Cultural festivals are organised in Sonepur during the month of Kartik.

Notable personalities

References

  1. ↑ "सारण। छपरा में कहने के लिए सारण काफी पुराना जिला है। मुगल शासक अकबर के दरबारी अबुल फजल ने आइने अकबरी".
  2. ↑ Yang, Anand A. (1999). Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar. University of California Press. pp. 305 (at page 69). ISBN 978-0-520-21100-1.
  3. ↑ Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1118–1119. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7.
  4. ↑ Ministry of Panchayati Raj (September 8, 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  6. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 2011-10-01. Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est.
  7. ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-30. Oregon 3,831,074
  8. ↑ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Bhojpuri: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
 Siwan district Gopalganj district Muzaffarpur district
Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh Vaishali district
   Saran district  
Bhojpur district Patna district

Coordinates: 25°55′N 84°45′E / 25.917°N 84.750°E / 25.917; 84.750

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