Bids for Olympic Games
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National Olympic Committees select from within their national territory cities to put forward bids to host an Olympic Games. The staging of the Paralympic Games is automatically included in the bid.[1] Since the creation of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, which successfully appropriated the name of the Ancient Greek Olympics to create a modern sporting event, interested cities have rivalled for selection as host of the Summer or Winter Olympic Games.
What follows is a list of the cities that have bid to host any of the Summer and Winter Olympics. 50 cities (including repeats) have been chosen to host the Olympics since their "rebirth"; two in Eastern Europe, five in East Asia, one in South America, two in Oceania and the remainder in Western Europe and North America. No African, Central American, Central Asian, Middle Eastern, or South Asian city has ever been chosen to host an Olympics.
Typically, the decision is made at an IOC Session approximately seven years prior to the games; for example, the 2016 Summer Olympics were awarded to Rio de Janeiro on 2 October 2009, the 2018 Winter Olympics were awarded to Pyeongchang on 6 July 2011, the 2020 Summer Olympics were awarded to Tokyo on 7 September 2013, and the 2022 Winter Olympics were awarded to Beijing on 31 July 2015.
IOC – IPC co-operation
In June 2001, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) signed an agreement that would ensure that the staging of the Paralympic Games is automatically included in the bid for the Olympic Games.[1] The agreement came into effect at the 2008 Paralympic Summer Games in Beijing, and the 2010 Paralympic Winter Games in Vancouver. However, the Salt Lake 2002 Organizing Committee (SLOC), was chosen to follow the practice of "one bid, one city" already at the 2002 Games in Salt Lake City, with one Organizing Committee for both Games, which was followed up by the 2004 Games in Athens and Turin in 2006. The agreement was adjusted in 2003. An extension was signed in June 2006.[1]
Summer Olympics bids
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Winter Olympics bids
Summer Youth Olympics bids
| Games | Year | Candidate cities | Non-candidate applicant cities[note 1] |
IOC Session | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Host city | Others | ||||
| I | 2010 details |
 Singapore |
 Moscow |
 Beijing Bangkok Debrecen Guatemala City Kuala Lumpur Poznan Turin |
postal vote (2008-02-21) |
| II | 2014 details |
Nanjing |
Poznan Guadalajara[note 28] |
 Jakarta |
122nd Vancouver(2010-02-10) |
| III | 2018 details |
 Buenos Aires |
 Glasgow Medellin |
Guadalajara Poznan[note 29] Rotterdam |
Extraordinary IOC Session Lausanne(2013-07-04) |
| IV | 2023 | 130th Lima(2017-09-13) | |||
Winter Youth Olympics bids
| Games | Year | Candidate cities | Non-candidate applicant cities[note 1] |
IOC Session | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Host city | Others | ||||
| I | 2012 details |
 Innsbruck |
 Kuopio |
Harbin Lillehammer |
postal vote (2008-12-12) |
| II | 2016 details |
Lillehammer |
postal vote (2011-12-07) | ||
| III | 2020 details |
Lausanne |
 Brasov |
128th Kuala Lumpur (2015-07-31) | |
All-time Summer Olympics bids
| Country | City | Bids | Host |
|---|---|---|---|
 Greece | Athens | 4 (1896, 1944, 1996, 2004) | 2 (1896, 2004) |
 France | Paris | 6 (1900, 1924, 1992, 2008, 2012, 2024) | 2 (1900, 1924) |
 United States | Chicago | 4 (1904, 1952, 1956, 2016) | |
| United States | St. Louis | 1 (1904) | 1 (1904) |
 Germany | Berlin | 4 (1908, 1916, 1936, 2000) | 2 (1916, 1936) |
| United Kingdom | London | 4 (1908, 1944, 1948, 2012) | 4 (1908, 1944, 1948, 2012) |
| Italy | Milan | 2 (1908, 2000) | |
| Italy | Rome | 8 (1908, 1924, 1936, 1944, 1960, 2004, 2020, 2024) | 2 (1908, 1960) |
 Sweden | Stockholm | 3 (1912, 1956, 2004) | 2 (1912, 1956) |
 Egypt | Alexandria | 2 (1916, 1936) | |
| Netherlands | Amsterdam | 6 (1916, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1952, 1992) | 1 (1928) |
.svg.png){kind=small} Belgium | Brussels | 3 (1916, 1960, 1964) | |
| Hungary | Budapest | 6 (1916, 1920, 1936, 1944, 1960, 2024) | |
| United States | Cleveland | 2 (1916, 1920) | |
| United States | Atlanta | 2 (1920, 1996) | 1 (1996) |
| Belgium | Antwerp | 1 (1920) | 1 (1920) |
 Cuba | Havana | 3 (1920, 2008, 2012) | |
| France | Lyon | 2 (1920, 1968) | |
| United States | Philadelphia | 4 (1920, 1948, 1952, 1956) | |
 Spain | Barcelona | 3 (1924, 1936, 1992) | 1 (1992) |
| United States | Los Angeles | 10 (1924, 1928, 1932, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1976, 1980, 1984, 2024) | 2 (1932, 1984) |
 Czech Republic | Prague | 2 (1924, 2016) | |
| Argentina | Buenos Aires | 4 (1936, 1956, 1968, 2004) | |
| Germany | Cologne | 1 (1936) | |
| Germany | Nuremberg | 1 (1936) | |
| Switzerland | Lausanne | 4 (1936, 1944, 1948, 1960) | |
 Brazil | Rio de Janeiro | 4 (1936, 2004, 2012, 2016) | 1 (2016) |
| Finland | Helsinki | 4 (1936, 1940, 1944, 1952) | 2 (1940, 1952) |
 Ireland | Dublin | 1 (1936) | |
| Germany | Frankfurt | 1 (1936) | |
 Japan | Tokyo | 5 (1940, 1960, 1964, 2016, 2020) | 3 (1940, 1964, 2020) |
| United States | Detroit | 7 (1944, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972) | |
| Canada | Montreal | 3 (1944, 1972, 1976) | 1 (1976) |
| United States | Minneapolis | 3 (1948, 1952, 1956) | |
| United States | Baltimore | 1 (1948) | |
| Mexico | Mexico City | 3 (1956, 1960, 1968) | 1 (1968) |
 Australia | Melbourne | 2 (1956, 1996) | 1 (1956) |
| United States | San Francisco | 1 (1956) | |
| Austria | Vienna | 1 (1964) | |
| Germany | Munich | 1 (1972) | 1 (1972) |
| Spain | Madrid | 4 (1972, 2012, 2016, 2020) | |
| Russia | Moscow | 3 (1976, 1980, 2012) | 1 (1980) |
 South Korea | Seoul | 1 (1988) | 1 (1988) |
| Japan | Nagoya | 1 (1988) | |
| United Kingdom | Birmingham | 1 (1992) | |
 Serbia | Belgrade | 2 (1992, 1996) | |
| Australia | Brisbane | 1 (1992) | |
| United Kingdom | Manchester | 2 (1996, 2000) | |
| Canada | Toronto | 2 (1996, 2008) | |
| China | Beijing | 2 (2000, 2008) | 1 (2008) |
 Turkey | Istanbul | 5 (2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2020) | |
| Australia | Sydney | 1 (2000) | 1 (2000) |
| Brazil | Brasília | 1 (2000) | |
 Uzbekistan | Tashkent | 1 (2000) | |
 South Africa | Cape Town | 1 (2004) | |
| France | Lille | 1 (2004) | |
| Russia | Saint Petersburg | 1 (2004) | |
 Puerto Rico | San Juan | 1 (2004) | |
| Spain | Seville | 2 (2004, 2008) | |
| Japan | Osaka | 1 (2008) | |
| Thailand | Bangkok | 1 (2008) | |
| Egypt | Cairo | 1 (2008) | |
| Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur | 1 (2008) | |
| United States | New York City | 1 (2012) | |
| Germany | Leipzig | 1 (2012) | |
 Azerbaijan | Baku | 2 (2016, 2020) | |
 Qatar | Doha | 2 (2016, 2020) | |
| United States | Boston | 1 (2024) | |
| Germany | Hamburg | 1 (2024) |
Total bids by country
| Country | Bids | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Argentina | 4 | (1936, 1956, 1968, 2004) |
| Australia | 4 | (1956, 1992, 1996, 2000) |
| Austria | 1 | (1964) |
| Azerbaijan | 2 | (2016, 2020) |
| Belgium | 4 | (1916, 1920, 1960, 1964) |
| Brazil | 5 | (1936, 2000, 2004, 2012, 2016) |
| Canada | 5 | (1944, 1972, 1976, 1996, 2008) |
| Cuba | 3 | (1920, 2008, 2012) |
| China | 2 | (2000, 2008) |
| Czech Republic | 2 | (1924, 2016) |
| Egypt | 3 | (1916, 1936, 2008) |
| Finland | 4 | (1936, 1940, 1944, 1952) |
| France | 9 | (1900, 1920, 1924, 1968, 1992, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2024) |
| Germany | 10 | (1908, 1916, 1936 (x4), 1972, 2000, 2012, 2024) |
| Greece | 4 | (1896, 1944, 1996, 2004) |
| Hungary | 6 | (1916, 1920, 1936, 1944, 1960, 2024) |
| Ireland | 1 | (1936) |
| Italy | 10 | (1908 (x2), 1924, 1936, 1944, 1960, 2000, 2004, 2020, 2024) |
| Japan | 7 | (1940, 1960, 1964, 1988, 2008, 2016, 2020) |
| Malaysia | 1 | (2008) |
| Mexico | 3 | (1956, 1960, 1968) |
| Netherlands | 6 | (1916, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1952, 1992) |
| Puerto Rico | 1 | (2004) |
| Qatar | 2 | (2016, 2020) |
| Russia | 4 | (1976, 1980, 2004, 2012) |
| Serbia | 2 | (1992, 1996) |
| South Africa | 1 | (2004) |
| South Korea | 1 | (1988) |
| Spain | 9 | (1924, 1936, 1972, 1992, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020) |
| Sweden | 3 | (1912, 1956, 2004) |
| Switzerland | 4 | (1936, 1944, 1948, 1960) |
| Thailand | 1 | (2008) |
| Turkey | 5 | (2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2020) |
| United Kingdom | 7 | (1908, 1944, 1948, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2012) |
| United States | 38 | (1904 (x2), 1916, 1920 (x3), 1924, 1928, 1932, 1944 (x4), 1952 (x5), 1956 (x6), 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1996, 2012, 2016, 2024 (x2)) |
| Uzbekistan | 1 | (2000) |
All-time Winter Olympics bids
Total bids by country
| Country | Bids | Years |
|---|---|---|
 Andorra | 1 | (2010) |
| Austria | 7 | (1960, 1964, 1976, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014) |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2 | (1984, 2010) |
 Bulgaria | 3 | (1992, 1994, 2014) |
| Canada | 12 | (1932, 1936, 1944, 1956, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1988, 2002, 2010) |
| China | 2 | (2010, 2022) |
| Finland | 5 | (1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 2006) |
| France | 4 | (1924, 1968, 1992, 2018) |
 Georgia | 1 | (2014) |
| Germany | 5 | (1936, 1940, 1960, 1992, 2018) |
| Italy | 8 | (1944, 1952, 1956, 1988, 1992, 1998, 2002, 2006) |
| Japan | 5 | (1940, 1968, 1972, 1984, 1998) |
 Kazakhstan | 2 | (2014, 2022) |
| Norway | 7 | (1932, 1944, 1952, 1968, 1992, 1994, 2022) |
| Poland | 2 | (2006, 2022) |
| Russia | 2 | (2002, 2014) |
 Slovakia | 2 | (2002, 2006) |
| South Korea | 3 | (2010, 2014, 2018) |
| Spain | 4 | (1998, 2002, 2010, 2014) |
| Sweden | 7 | (1984, 1988, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2022) |
| Switzerland | 11 | (1928 (x3), 1936, 1940, 1948, 1960, 1976, 2002, 2006, 2010) |
 Ukraine | 1 | (2022) |
| United States | 19 | (1932 (x6), 1948, 1952, 1956 (x2), 1960, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002) |
All-time Summer Youth Olympics bids
| Country | City | Bids |
|---|---|---|
| Singapore | Singapore | 1 (2010) |
| Russia | Moscow | 1 (2010) |
| Greece | Athens | 1 (2010) |
| Thailand | Bangkok | 1 (2010) |
| Italy | Turin | 1 (2010) |
| Hungary | Debrecen | 1 (2010) |
| Guatemala | Guatemala City | 1 (2010) |
| Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur | 1 (2010) |
| Poland | Poznań | 3 (2010, 2014, 2018) |
| China | Nanjing | 1 (2014) |
| Mexico | Guadalajara | 2 (2014, 2018) |
| Argentina | Buenos Aires | 1 (2018) |
| Great Britain | Glasgow | 1 (2018) |
| Colombia | Medellín | 1 (2018) |
| Netherlands | Rotterdam | 1 (2018) |
| Indonesia | Jakarta | 1 (2014) |
All-time Winter Youth Olympics bids
| Country | City | Bids |
|---|---|---|
| Austria | Innsbruck | 1 (2012) |
| Finland | Kuopio | 1 (2012) |
| China | Harbin | 1 (2012) |
| Norway | Lillehammer | 2 (2012, 2016) |
| Switzerland | Lausanne | 1 (2020) |
| Romania | Brasov | 1 (2020) |
Combined total bids by country
Olympic Games
| Country | Bids | Breakdown |
|---|---|---|
| Andorra | 1 | (1 Winter) |
| Argentina | 4 | (4 Summer) |
| Australia | 4 | (4 Summer) |
| Austria | 8 | (1 Summer, 7 Winter) |
| Azerbaijan | 2 | (2 Summer) |
| Belgium | 4 | (4 Summer) |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2 | (2 Winter) |
| Brazil | 5 | (5 Summer) |
| Bulgaria | 3 | (3 Winter) |
| Canada | 17 | (5 Summer, 12 Winter) |
| China | 4 | (2 Summer, 2 Winter) |
| Cuba | 3 | (3 Summer) |
| Czech Republic | 2 | (2 Summer) |
| Egypt | 3 | (3 Summer) |
| Finland | 9 | (4 Summer, 5 Winter) |
| France | 12 | (8 Summer, 4 Winter) |
| Georgia | 1 | (1 Winter) |
| Germany | 14 | (9 Summer, 5 Winter) |
| Greece | 4 | (4 Summer) |
| Hungary | 5 | (5 Summer) |
| Ireland | 1 | (1 Summer) |
| Italy | 17 | (9 Summer, 8 Winter) |
| Japan | 12 | (7 Summer, 5 Winter) |
| Kazakhstan | 2 | (2 Winter) |
| Malaysia | 1 | (1 Summer) |
| Mexico | 3 | (3 Summer) |
| Netherlands | 6 | (6 Summer) |
| Norway | 6 | (6 Winter) |
| Poland | 2 | (2 Winter) |
| Puerto Rico | 1 | (1 Summer) |
| Qatar | 2 | (2 Summer) |
| Russia | 6 | (4 Summer, 2 Winter) |
| Serbia | 2 | (2 Summer) |
| Slovakia | 2 | (2 Winter) |
| South Africa | 1 | (1 Summer) |
| South Korea | 4 | (1 Summer, 3 Winter) |
| Spain | 13 | (9 Summer, 4 Winter) |
| Sweden | 10 | (3 Summer, 7 Winter) |
| Switzerland | 15 | (4 Summer, 11 Winter) |
| Thailand | 1 | (1 Summer) |
| Turkey | 5 | (5 Summer) |
| Ukraine | 1 | (1 Winter) |
| United Kingdom | 7 | (7 Summer) |
| United States | 57 | (38 Summer, 19 Winter) |
| Uzbekistan | 1 | (1 Summer) |
Youth Olympic Games
| Country | Bids |
|---|---|
| Argentina | 1 (1 Summer) |
| Austria | 1 (1 Winter) |
| China | 2 (1 Summer, 1 Winter) |
| Colombia | 1 (1 Summer) |
| Finland | 1 (1 Winter) |
| Greece | 1 (1 Summer) |
| Guatemala | 1 (1 Summer) |
| Hungary | 1 (1 Summer) |
| Indonesia | 1 (1 Summer) |
| Italy | 1 (1 Summer) |
| Malaysia | 1 (1 Summer) |
| Mexico | 2 (2 Summer) |
| Netherlands | 1 (1 Summer) |
| Norway | 1 (1 Winter) |
| Poland | 3 (3 Summer) |
| Romania | 1 (1 Winter) |
| Russia | 1 (1 Summer) |
| Singapore | 1 (1 Summer) |
| Switzerland | 1 (1 Winter) |
| Thailand | 1 (1 Summer) |
| United Kingdom | 1 (1 Summer) |
Trivia
- London is the only city to have bid more than once and still hold a 100% record.
- Detroit has had the most bids whilst failing to win the rights to host the games once.
- Hungary has had the most bids in the Summer Games that have failed to win the rights to host the games at least once.
- Sweden has had the most bids in the Winter Games that have failed to win the rights to host the games at least once.
- Beijing is the only city to host both the Summer and Winter Games.
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 Those bids which were not shortlisted for the second and final bidding phase.
- 1 2 At the first Session of the International Olympic Committee, in 1894, Athens was chosen to stage the first Olympic Games of the Modern Era, in 1896, as an honour to the birthplace of the Ancient Olympics. Paris was chosen as the site for the II Olympiad, in 1900, despite Pierre de Coubertin's wish that Paris would celebrate the first Games. [Athens 1896. Games. International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 6 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-09.][ Factsheet – The Olympic Movement (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 2007-02-07. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-09.]
- ↑ Chicago was voted the host city of the III Olympiad, but due to pressure from the city of St. Louis, which was staging the World's Fair on the same year, the Games were transferred to this city. ["1904 Summer Olympics: St. Louis, Missouri". Hickok Sports. Retrieved 2007-04-09.]
- ↑ Rome was the choice of the IOC, but the 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius forced the Italians to return the Games to the IOC, which reattributed them to London. ["1908 Olympics: London, England". Hickok Sports. Archived from the original on 13 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-09.]
- ↑ The Games were cancelled due to the ongoing World War I.
- ↑ Antwerp was awarded with the Olympic Games as a compensation and to honour the Belgians who fought, suffered and died during the war. ["Antwerp 1920". Games. International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 17 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-09.]
- ↑ Lyon withdrew before the final vote.
- ↑ Paris got the Games for the second time to fulfill Pierre de Coubertin's wish to see a successful Olympics in his country, erasing the flaws of the 1900 Olympics, before he retired from the IOC. ["1924 Olympics: Paris, France". Hickok Sports. Retrieved 2007-04-09.]
- 1 2 3 Due to the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japan relinquished its hosting rights to both the Summer and Winter Games. On 1938-07-15, the IOC relocated the Summer Games to Helsinki and the Winter Games to St. Moritz. Finland's invasion by the Soviet Union, in 1939, and the ensuing World War II forced the IOC to cancel the 1940 Summer Games. ["1948 Olympics: London, England". Hickok Sports. Archived from the original on 14 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-10.] Disagreements with the Swiss officials, concerning the entry of professional skiers in the Games, prompted the IOC to reattribute them for the second consecutive time to Garmisch-Partenkirchen, on 1939-06-09. They were cancelled as well because of the war. ["St. Moritz 1948". Games. International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 13 March 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-09.]
- 1 2 The Games were cancelled because of the ongoing World War II.
- 1 2 Selected without election, after the end of the World War II.
- ↑ Australian's strict quarantine laws concerning the entry of foreign horses made it impossible for the equestrian events to be held within the Games period. In May, 1954, during the 49th IOC Session in Athens, Stockholm was chosen to stage what would be known as "Equestrian Games of the XVIth Olympiad". ["Melbourne 1956". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 19 May 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-10.][The Official Report of the Organizing Committee for the Equestrian Games of the XVIth Olympiad (PDF) (in Swedish and English). Organizing Committee for the Equestrian Games of the XVIth Olympiad. Retrieved 2007-04-10.]
- ↑ bid cancelled
- ↑ bid cancelled following IOC inspection
- ↑ bid cancelled
- ↑ bid cancelled due to lack of Support from Italian Government
- ↑ bid cancelled
- ↑ bid cancelled
- ↑ Chamonix was chosen by the IOC to stage the "International Sports Week 1924", which would later be considered the First Olympic Winter Games. ["Chamonix 1924". Games. International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 5 March 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-08.]
- 1 2 3 Until the 1938 revision of the Olympic Charter, the IOC rules stated that the host country of the Summer Olympics took priority if it wished to host the Winter Olympics.
- ↑ Denver gave up its hosting rights because a state referendum prohibited allocation of public funds to support the Games. The Austrian city of Innsbruck, which had hosted the Games twelve years earlier, stepped in to replace Denver. ["Innsbruck 1976". Games. International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23.]
- ↑ Vancouver-Garibaldi bid was withdrawn on 1974-10-04, leaving Lake Placid as the only bidder.
- ↑ Bern withdrew its bid on 2002-09-27, following a negative referendum outcome over the cost of staging an Olympic Games. ["Bern Officially Withdraws Bid". GamesBids. 2002-09-27. Retrieved 2007-04-09.]
- ↑ Oslo withdrew its bid on 1 October 2014
- ↑ Krakow withdrew its bid on May 2014, following a negative referendum outcome
- ↑ Lviv withdrew its bid on June 30, 2014
- ↑ Stockholm withdrew its bid on 17 January 2014
- ↑ bid withdrawn for limited time and financial reasons
- ↑ bid withdrawn for financial reasons
References
- 1 2 3 IPC-IOC Co-operation, The official website of the International Paralympic Committee
- International Olympic Committee (IOC) — Olympic Games
- IOC Vote History
- Olympic Games Museum
- Olympic Bid Election History
External links
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