1984 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1984.

Paleozoology

Arthropods

Newly named crustaceans

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Pseudarmadillo cristatus[2]

Sp nov

Valid

Schmalfuss

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A delatorreid isopod

Pseudarmadillo tuberculatus[2]

Sp nov

Valid

Schmalfuss

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A delatorreid isopod

Conodont paleozoology

Willi Ziegler and Charles A. Sandberg described the conodont genus Alternognathus.

Vertebrate paleozoology

Archosauromorphs

Newly named archosauromorphs
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Technosaurus[3]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Chatterjee

Norian

Bull Canyon Formation

 USA

Originally described as a fabrosaurid;
now Archosauriformes incertae sedis

Newly named dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[4]

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Chuandongocoelurus[5]

Valid

He

Middle Jurassic

Lower Shaximiao Formation

 China

A tetanuran theropod

Datousaurus[6]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Dong & Tang

Middle Jurassic

Lower Shaximiao Formation

 China

A Mamenchisaurid sauropod

Harpymimus[7]

Fam., gen et sp nov

Valid

Barsbold & Perle

Hauterivian to Barremian

Shinekhudug Formation

 Mongolia

An ornithomimosaurian

Kaijiangosaurus[5]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

He

Middle Jurassic

Xiashaximiao Formation

 China

A tetanuran theropod

Liliensternus[8]

Gen nov

Valid

Welles

Norian

Trossingen Formation

 Germany

A coelophysoid

Longosaurus

Gen nov

Jr. synonym of Coelophysis.

Welles

Xuanhanosaurus[9]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Dong

Middle Jurassic

Lower Shaximiao Formation

 China

A megalosauroid

Newly named birds
Name Status Novelty Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Anser thraceiensis [10]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Nikolay I. Burchak-Abramovich

Ivan M. Nikolov

Late Miocene or Early Pliocene

MN 11-15

 Bulgaria

An Anatidae.

Archaeopteryx recurva [11]

Disputed

Sp. nov.

Michael E. Howgate

Late Jura

Portlandian

 Germany:

 Bavaria

An Archaeopterygidae, the 5th specimen, this species becomes the type species of the new genus Jurapteryx Howgate, 1985.[12]

Bubo leakeyae [13]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Pierce Brodkorb

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Holocene

Olduvai Gorge

 Tanzania

A Strigidae.

Cursoricoccyx geraldinae [14]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Larry D. Martin

Robert M. Mengel

Early Miocene

Pawnee Creek Formation

 USA:

 Colorado

A Cuculiformes, Neomorphidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Cygnopterus alphonsi [15]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Jacques Cheneval

Early Miocene

MN 2a

 France

An Anatidae.

Dromaius baudinianus [16]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Shane A. Parker

Holocene

Kangeroo Island

 Australia:

 South Australia

A Dromaiidae.

Eocypselus vincenti [17]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Colin J. O. Harrison

Early Eocene

MP 8

 UK:

 England

An Apodiformes, Eocypselidae Harrison, 1984, this is the type species of the new genus.

Fulmarus miocaenus [18]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Hildegarde Howard

Middle Miocene

Round Mountain Silt,

Barstovian

 USA:

 California

A Procellariidae.

Gansus yumenensis [19]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Hou Lianhai

Liu Zhicheng

Early Cretaceous

Xiagou Formation

 China

An Ornithuromorphae Chiappe, Ji, Ji et Norell, 1999, Gansuiformes Hou et Liu, 1984, Gansuidae Hou et Liu, 1984, this is the type species of the new genus.

Gavia moldavica [20]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Jenö Kessler

Late Miocene;

Early Pliocene

MN 9?

 Romania:

 Moldova;

 USA:

 Florida

A Gaviidae.

Kizylkumavis cretacea [21]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Lev A. Nessov

Late Cretaceous

Late Turonian-Coniacian

 USSR:

 Uzbekistan

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Alexornithiformes, Brodkorb, 1976, Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, Alexornithinae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.

Larus udabnensis [22]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Nikolay I. Burchak-Abramovich

E. G. Gabashvili

Late Miocene

 USSR:

 Georgia

A Laridae.

Mioaegypius gui [23]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Hou LianHai

Middle Miocene

Xiacaowan Formation

 China

An Accipitridae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Otus guildayi [24]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Pierce Brodkorb

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Pleistocene

Cave deposits

 USA:

 Maryland

A Strigidae.

Parahesperornis alexi [25]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Larry D. Martin

Late Cretaceous

Niobrara Chalk Formation

 USA:

 Kansas

A Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer, 1888, Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1872, this is the type species of the new genus.

Parvirallus bassetti [26]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Colin J. O. Harrison

Early Eocene

MP 8-9

 UK:

 England

A Rallidae.

Parvirallus gassoni [26]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Colin J. O. Harrison

Early Eocene

MP 8-9

 UK:

 England

A Rallidae.

Parvirallus medius [26]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Colin J. O. Harrison

Early Eocene

MP 8-9

 UK:

 England

A Rallidae.

Pediorallus hookeri [27]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Colin J. O. Harrison

Early Eocene

Ypresian,

London Clay B

MP 8-9

 UK:

 England

Described as a Rallidae, transferred to the genus Lithornis Owen, 1840 by Houde, 1988,[28] a Palaeognathae, Lithornithiformes Houde, 1988, Lithornithidae Houde, 1988.

Pediorallus nasi [27]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Colin J. O. Harrison

Early Eocene

Ypresian,

London Clay A

MP 8

 UK:

 England

Described as a Rallidae, transferred to the genus Lithornis Owen, 1840 by Houde, 1988,[28] a Palaeognathae, Lithornithiformes Houde, 1988, Lithornithidae Houde, 1988.

Phalacrocorax owrei [29]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Pierce Brodkorb

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Pleistocene

Douglas Leakey Korongo

 Tanzania

A Phalacrocoracidae.

Phalacrocorax serdicensis [10]

Valid ?

Sp. nov.

Nikolay I. Burchak-Abramovich

Ivan M. Nikolov

Late Miocene

MN 11-13

 Bulgaria

A Phalacrocoracidae, possibly a synonym of Phalacrocorax aristotelis.

Phasianus yanshansis [30]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Huang Wanpo

Hou Lianhai

Holocene

Cave deposits

 China

A Phasianidae.

Podiceps miocenicus [20]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Jenö Kessler

Late Miocene

MN 9

 Romania:

 Moldova

A Podicipedidae.

Scaniacypselus wardi [17]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Colin J. O. Harrison

Early Eocene

MP 8

 Denmark

An Apodidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Scopus xenopus [31]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Early Pliocene

Varswater Formation

 South Africa

A Scopidae

Stintonornis mitchelli [26]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Colin J. O. Harrison

Early Eocene

MP 8-9

 UK:

 England

Described as a Falconidae, placed in Aves Incertae Sedis by Mlíkovský, 2002.[32]

Zhyraornis kashkarovi [21]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Lev A. Nessov

Late Cretaceous

Coniacian,

Bissekty Formation

 USSR:

 Uzbekistan

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Alexornithiformes, Brodkorb, 1976, Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, Zhyraornithinae Nessov, 1984, this is the type species of the new genus.

Pterosaurs

New taxa
Name Status Authors Notes

Azhdarcho

Valid

Nesov

Brasileodactylus

Valid

Kellner

Rhamphinion

Valid

Padian

References

  1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
  2. 1 2 Schmalfuss, H. (1984). "Two new species of the terrestrial isopod genus Pseudarmadillo from Dominican amber (Amber-Collection Stuttgart: Crustacea, Isopoda, Pseudarmadillidae)". Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde (B). 102: 1–14.
  3. Chatterjee, S (1984). "A new ornithischian dinosaur from the Triassic of North America". Naturwissenschaften. 1: 630–631. doi:10.1007/bf00377897.
  4. Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  5. 1 2 He, X. 1984. The Vertebrate Fossils of Sichuan. Sichuan Scientific and Technical Publishing House, Chengdu, Sichuan: 168 pages.
  6. Dong, Z. and Z. Tang. 1984. Note on the mid Jurassic sauropod (Datousaurus bashanensis gen. et sp. nov.) from Suchuan Basin, China. Vertebr. Palasiatica 22: pp. 69-75.
  7. Barsbold, R. and A. Perle. 1984. [On] The first finding of primitive ornithomimosaur from the Cretaceous of the [Mongolian People's Republic]. Paleontologischeskii Zhural 2: pp. 121- 123
  8. Welles, S.P. 1984. Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda): osteology and comparisons. Palaeontographica 185, A: pp. 85-180.
  9. Dong, Z. 1984. A new theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Sichuan Basin. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 22: pp. 213-218.
  10. 1 2 Nikolay I. Burchak-Abramovich & Ivan M. Nikolov (1984). "Iskopayemmyye ptitsy Phalacrocorax serdicensis sp. n. i Anser thraceiensis sp. n. iz Bolgarii. [The fossil birds Phalacrocorax serdicensis sp. n. and Anser thraceiensis sp. n. from Bulgaria.] [in Russian, with English summ.]". Paleontologiya, Stratigrafiya i Litologiya. 19: 23–34.
  11. Michael E. Howgate (1984). "The Teeth of Archaeopteryx and a Reinterpretation of the Eichstätt Specimen". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 82 (1-2): 159–175. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1984.tb00540.x.
  12. Michael E. Howgate (1985). M.K. Hecht; J.H. Ostrom; G. Viohl; P. Wellnhofer, eds. "Problems of the Osteology of Archaeopteryx Is the Eichstätt Specimen a Distinct Genus?". The Beginnings of birds. Eichstätt: Freunde des Jura-Museums Eichstätt: 105–112.
  13. Pierce Brodkorb & Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1984). "Fossil Owls from Early Man Sites of Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania" (PDF). Ostrich. 55 (1): 17–27. doi:10.1080/00306525.1984.9634590.
  14. Larry D. Martin & Robert M. Mengel (1984). "A New Cuckoo and a Chachalaca from the Early Miocene of Colorado". Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication. 9: 171–177.
  15. Jacques Cheneval (1984). "The Les Oiseaux Aquataniques (Gaviiformes à Anseriformes) du Gisement Aquitanien de Saint-Gérard-Le-Puy (Allier, France). Révision Systématique". Palaeovertebrata. 14 (2): 33–115.
  16. Shane A. Parker (1984). "The Extinct Kangaroo Island Emu, a Hitherto Unrecognized Species" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club. 104 (1): 19–22.
  17. 1 2 Colin J. O. Harrison (1984). "A Revision of the Fossil Swifts (Vertebrata, Aves, Suborder Apodi) with Descriptions of Three New Genera and Two New Species". Mededelingen van de Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie. 21 (4): 157–177.
  18. Hildegarde Howard (1984). "Additional Avian Records from the Miocene of Kern County, California, with the Description of a New Species of Fulmar (Aves: Procellariidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 83: 84–89.
  19. Hou Lianhai & Liu Zhicheng (1984). "A New Fossil Bird from Lower Cretaceous of Gansu and Early Evolution of Birds". Scientia Sinica. 27: 1296–1302.
  20. 1 2 Jenö Kessler (1984). "Noi Contributii Privind Studiul Avifaunelor din Paratethys". Crisia. 14: 521–532.
  21. 1 2 Lev A. Nessov (1984). "Upper Cretaceous Pterosaurs and Birds from Central Asia". Paleontological Journal, USA. 18: 38–49.
  22. Nikolay I. Burchak-Abramovich & E. G. Gabashvili (1984). "Fossil Gull Larus udabnensis sp. nov. in the Hypparion Fauna of Udabno". Vestnik Gosudartsvennogo Muzeya Gruzli. 33A: 3–13.
  23. Hou LianHai (1984). "The Aragonian Vertebrate Fauna of Xiacaswan, Jang - 2. Aegypinae (Falconiformes, Aves)" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 22 (1): 14–20.
  24. Pierce Brodkorb & Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1984). Hugh H. Genowayf & Mary R. Dawson, eds. "Pleistocene Birds from Cumberland Cave, Maryland". Contributions in Quaternary Vertebrate Paleontology: A Volume in Memorial to John E. Guilday. Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Special Publication. 8: 39–43.
  25. Larry D. Martin (1984). "A New Hesperornithid and the Relationships of the Mesozoic Birds". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 87 (3-4): 141–150. doi:10.2307/3627850.
  26. 1 2 3 4 Colin J. O. Harrison (1984). "Further Additions to the Fossil Birds of Sheppey: A New Falconid and Three Small Rails". Tertiary Research. 5 (4): 179–187.
  27. 1 2 Colin J. O. Harrison (1984). "Rail-like Cursorial Birds of the British Lower Eocene, with Descriptions of Two New Species". The London Naturalist. 63: 13–23.
  28. 1 2 Peter W. Houde (1984). "Paleognathous Birds from the Early Tertiary of the Northern Hemisphere". Publication of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. 22: 1–148.
  29. Pierce Brodkorb & Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1984). "A New Species of Cormorant (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae) from the Pleistocene of Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania". Geobios. 17 (3): 331–337. doi:10.1016/s0016-6995(84)80098-4.
  30. Huang Wanpo & Hou Lianhai (1984). "Vertebrate Fossils from Yunshui Cave, Beijing" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 22 (2): 117–122.
  31. Storrs L. Olson (1984). "A Hammerkop from the Early Pliocene of South Africa (Aves: Scopidae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 97 (4): 736–740.
  32. Jíří Mlíkovský (2002). "Cenozoic Birds of the World Part 1: Europe" (PDF). Praha Ninox Press. 2002: 1–407.
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