1986 in science

The year 1986 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.

Astronomy and space exploration

January 24 – NASA Voyager 2 space probe makes first encounter with Uranus.
January 28 – NASA Space Shuttle Challenger explodes on launch, killing all seven astronauts aboard. Their bodies are located by United States Navy divers on March 9.
February 19 – The Soviet Union launches the Mir space station.
March 8 – Japanese spacecraft Suisei flies by Halley's Comet, studying its UV hydrogen corona and solar wind.

May – First reported methods for constructing a monoclonal antibody containing parts from mouse and human antibodies, a required first step toward the development of humanized antibodies used later as medical therapeutics (such as Infliximab).^[1]^[2]

January 16 – The Internet Engineering Task Force, a standards organization that develops and promotes Internet standards, holds its first meeting, consisting of 21 United States government-funded researchers.
January 19 – The first MS-DOS-based personal computer virus, Brain, starts to spread.^[3]
April 3 – IBM unveils the PC Convertible, the first laptop computer.
June 23 – Eric Thomas develops LISTSERV, the first email list management software.^[4]
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is visualized by Mark Crispin.
3D printing is developed by Charles Hull.

Summer – Kenneth Alan Ribet demonstrates proof of the ε-conjecture, subsequently known as Ribet's theorem^[5] confirming Gerhard Frey's suggestion that the Taniyama–Shimura conjecture implies Fermat's Last Theorem.^[6]
Lee Sallows introduces the alphamagic square.^[7]

January 7 – Rex Wailes (b. 1901), English engineer and historian of technology.
January 28
- Crew of United States Space Shuttle Challenger mission STS-51-L:
  - Greg Jarvis (b. 1944)
  - Christa McAuliffe (b. 1948)
  - Ronald McNair (b. 1950)
  - Ellison Onizuka (b. 1946)
  - Judith Resnik (b. 1949)
  - Dick Scobee (b. 1939)
  - Michael J. Smith (b. 1945)
- Dorothée Pullinger (b. 1894), French-born British production engineer.
April 22 – Dame Honor Fell (b. 1900), English biologist.
July 21 – Zhang Yuzhe (b. 1902), Chinese astronomer.
October 22 – Albert Szent-Györgyi (b. 1893), Hungarian physiologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
October 23 – Edward Adelbert Doisy (b. 1893), American biochemist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
November 25 – Sir Ivan Magill (b. 1888), British anesthesiologist.

↑ Jones, Peter T.; Dear, Paul H.; Foote, Jefferson; Neuberger, Michael S.; Winter, Greg (1986). "Replacing the complementarity-determining regions in a human antibody with those from a mouse" (PDF). Nature. 321 (6069): 522–525. doi:10.1038/321522a0. PMID 3713831. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
↑ Waldman, Thomas A. (2003). "Immunotherapy: past, present and future". Nature Medicine. 9 (3): 269–277. doi:10.1038/nm0303-269. PMID 12612576. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
↑ Leyden, John (January 19, 2006). "PC virus celebrates 20th birthday". The Register. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
↑ "1986". Retrieved 2013-01-25.
↑ Ribet, Ken (1990). "On modular representations of Gal(Q/Q) arising from modular forms" (PDF). Inventiones Mathematicae 100 (2): 431–471.
↑ Frey, Gerhard (1986). Links between stable elliptic curves and certain Diophantine equations. Annales Universitatis Saraviensis. Series Mathematicae. 1. pp. iv+40. ISSN 0933-8268. MR 853387.
↑ "alphamagic square". Encyclopedia of Science. Retrieved 2012-05-12.

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