1618

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1618 (MDCXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (dominical letter G) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday (dominical letter D) of the Julian calendar, the 1618th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 618th year of the 2nd millennium, the 18th year of the 17th century, and the 9th year of the 1610s decade. As of the start of 1618, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918.

Events

January–June

• March 8 – Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (he soon rejects the idea after some initial calculations were made but on May 15 confirms the discovery).
• May 23 – The Second Defenestration of Prague – Protestant noblemen hold a mock trial and throw two direct representatives of Ferdinand II of Germany (Imperial Governors) and their scribe out of a window into a pile of manure, exacerbating a low-key rebellion into the Bohemian Revolt (1618–1621) precipitating the Thirty Years' War into armed conflict and further polarizing Europe on religious grounds.
• June 14 – Joris Veseler prints the first Dutch newspaper Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. in Amsterdam (approximate date).
• July 20 – Pluto reaches, according to sophisticated mathematical calculations, its second most recent aphelion. The next one occurs in 1866, and the following one will occur 2113.

July–December

• August 29 – Johan van Oldenbarnevelt and Hugo Grotius are imprisoned by Maurice, Prince of Orange.
• September 4 – Rodi avalanche: A rock- or snowslide buries the Alpine town of Piuro, claiming 2,427 victims.^[1][2]
• September 18 – Beginning of the 13th Baktun in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar (12.0.0.0.0).
• September 19–November 21 – Thirty Years' War: The Siege of Pilsen takes place.
• October 9 – Residents of Mogilev revolt against the Uniate bishop Josaphat Kuntsevych.
• October 29 – English adventurer, writer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh is beheaded at the Palace of Westminster for allegedly conspiring treasonably against James I of England in 1603, following pressure from the Spanish government over his attack on their settlement on the Orinoco on his last (1617–18) voyage.
• November 13 – The Synod of Dort has its first meeting.
• December 11 – Russia and Poland sign the Truce of Deulino.

Date unknown

• The margraves of Brandenburg are granted Polish approval to inherit the Duchy of Prussia, creating the state of Brandenburg-Prussia.
• Osman II deposes his uncle Mustafa I as Ottoman emperor (until 1622).
• The 3,000 seat Teatro Farnese, the first permanent proscenium theatre, is built into the Great Hall of the Palazzo della Pilotta in Parma, Italy.
• The Ming Chinese embassy of the Wanli Emperor presents tea to the Russian tsar.

Births

Francesco Maria Grimaldi born 2 April

Willem Ogier born 17 July

Michiel Sweerts born 29 September

Mariana de Jesús de Paredes born 31 October

January–March

• January 1 – Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Spanish painter (d. 1682)
• January 2 – Jean Hamon, French doctor and writer (d. 1687)
• January 3 – Jean Crasset, French Jesuit theologian (d. 1692)
• January 8 – Madeleine Béjart, French actress and theatre director (d. 1672)
• January 14 – Jan Six, important cultural figure in the Dutch Golden Age (d. 1700)
• January 25 – Nicolaes Visscher I, Dutch engraver, cartographer and publisher (d. 1679)
• January 28 – James Ley, 3rd Earl of Marlborough, English nobleman, sailor, and mathematician (d. 1665)
• January 29 – Jean Paul Médaille, French Jesuit missionary (d. 1689)
• February 12 – Olaus Verelius, Scholar of Old Norse and Scandinavian studies (d. 1682)
• February 17 – Matthias Abele (d. 1677)
• February 19 – Johannes Phocylides Holwarda, Dutch astronomer (d. 1651)
• March 4 – George Louis, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg, German noble (d. 1656)
• March 19 – Thomas Hinckley, Last colonial governor of Plymouth Colony (d. 1706)

April–June

• April 2 – Francesco Maria Grimaldi, Italian mathematician and physicist (d. 1663)
• April 4 – Ferrante III Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla, Italian noble (d. 1678)
• April 9 – Christian, Duke of Brieg, Duke of Legnica (1663–1672) and Brieg (1664–1672) (d. 1672)
• April 13 – Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy, French writer (d. 1693)
• April 14 – Thomas Moore, English politician (d. 1695)
• April 29 – Vittoria Farnese d'Este, Duchess of Modena and Reggio (d. 1649)
• May 22 – Henrik Horn, Swedish military leader and noble (d. 1693)
• June 1 – Johann Franck, German poet and hymnist (d. 1677)
• June 15
  • François Blondel, French architect (d. 1686)
  • Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere, Italian nobleman and Duke of Bomarzo (d. 1688)
• June 24 – Philip Packer, British barrister and architect (d. 1686)
• June 28 – Jean Le Pautre, French designer and engraver (d. 1682)

July–September

• July 6 – Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl of Balcarres, Scottish politician and noble (d. 1659)
• July 17
  • Willem Ogier, Flemish playwright (d. 1689)
  • George Stewart, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny, Nobleman and military commander (d. 1642)
• July 21 – Hayashi Gahō, Japanese philosopher (d. 1688)
• July 22 – Johan Nieuhof, Dutch traveler who wrote about his journeys to Brazil (d. 1672)
• September 6 – Walter Hoyt, Connecticut settler (d. 1698)
• September 9 – Joan Cererols, Catalan musician and Benedictine monk (d. 1680)
• September 11 – Francesco Grue, artist (d. 1673)
• September 14 – Peter Lely, Dutch painter (d. 1680)
• September 27 – Jacob Alting, Dutch linguist (d. 1679)
• September 29 – Michiel Sweerts, painter (d. 1664)

October–December

• October 8 – Claude Lamoral, 3rd Prince of Ligne, Spanish general and prince (d. 1679)
• October 7 – Rosina Schnorr, German businessperson (d. 1679)
• October 14 – Aurangzeb, Mughal emperor of India (d. 1707)
• October 31 – Mariana de Jesús de Paredes, Roman Catholic saint, the first person to be canonized from Ecuador (d. 1645)
• November – Simon Arnauld, Marquis de Pomponne, French diplomat and minister of Louis XIV (d. 1699)
• November 1 – Sir John Wittewrong, 1st Baronet, English parliamentarian (d. 1693)
• November 8 – Louise de La Fayette, French courtier, friend of King Louis XIII (d. 1665)
• November 12 – Gottfried Welsch, German physician (d. 1690)
• November 16 – Johann Ludwig Schönleben, Carniolan priest (d. 1681)
• November 26 – Johan Frederik von Marschalck, German-born landowner, Chancellor of Norway (d. 1679)
• December 2
  • Edward Bayntun, English politician (d. 1679)
  • Nicholas Delves, English politician (d. 1690)
• December 3 – Sir William Ayloffe, 3rd Baronet, officer in the Royalist army during the English Civil War (d. 1662)
• December 18 – Karl Kaspar von der Leyen, Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 1676)
• December 26 – Elisabeth of the Palatinate, German princess, philosopher, and Calvinist (d. 1680)
• December 28 – Catharina Hooft, woman of the Dutch Golden Age (d. 1691)

Date unknown

• Athittayawong, Ayuthian monarch (d. 1629)
• Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, politician (member of the Cabal, d. 1685)
• Lin Yiu, Chinese poet and painter (d. 1664)

Deaths

Philip II, Duke of Pomerania died 3 February

Marie of the Incarnation (Carmelite) died 18 April

Nicolò Rusca died 24 July

Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia died 28 August

Jakob Rem died 12 October

January–March

• January 6 – Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Ferrara (b. 1564)
• January 19 – Jacobus Zaffius, Catholic provost (b. 1535)
• January 29 – John Dackombe, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1570)
• January 31 – Feliks Kryski, Grand Chancellor of Poland (b. 1562)
• February 3 – Philip II, Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (b. 1573)
• February 14 – Paolo Emilio Sfondrati, Catholic cardinal (b. 1560)
• February 20 – Philip William, Prince of Orange, eldest son of William the Silent by his first wife Anna van Egmont (b. 1554)
• February 25 – Elizabeth Spencer, Baroness Hunsdon, English Baroness (b. 1552)
• February 27 – Anne Lyon, Countess of Kinghorne, Scottish countess (b. 1579)
• March 5
  • John, Duke of Östergötland (b. 1589)
  • Countess Palatine Barbara of Zweibrücken-Neuburg and by marriage Countess of Oettingen-Oettingen (b. 1559)
• March 16 – Giovanni Bembo, Doge of Venice (b. 1543)
• March 23 – James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn, Scottish politician (b. c. 1575)
• March 26 – Frederick Magnus, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (1606–1618) (b. 1575)
• March 31 – Pedro Cornejo de Pedrosa, Spanish theologian (b. 1536)

April–June

• April 5 – Robert Barker, English politician (b. 1563)
• April 14 – Giovanni Battista Zuccato, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Nusco (1607–1614) (b. 1543)
• April 18 – Marie of the Incarnation, Carmelite (b. 1566)
• May 9 – Nicolò Donato, Doge of Venice (b. 1539)
• May 24 – John George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1603–1618) (b. 1567)
• May 31 – Sabina Catharina of East Frisia, Countess of Rietberg (1586–1618) (b. 1582)
• June 7 – Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, English Governor of Virginia (b. 1577)
• June 21 – Kasper Hassler, German musician (b. 1562)

July–September

• July 20 – James Montague, British bishop (b. 1568)
• July 24 – Nicolò Rusca, Italian priest who served in Como (b. 1563)
• July 26 – Martinus Smiglecius, Polish philosopher (b. 1564)
• August 7 – Princess Maria Elizabeth of Sweden, Swedish princess (b. 1596)
• August 23
  • Gerbrand Adriaenszoon Bredero, Dutch writer (b. 1585)
  • Gerbrand Bredero (b. 1585)
• August 28 – Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia (b. 1553)
• September 28 – Joshua Sylvester, English poet (b. 1563)

October–December

• October 12 – Jakob Rem, Austrian Jesuit (b. 1546)
• October 23 – Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, German noblewoman (b. 1567)
• October 29 – Sir Walter Raleigh, English courtier and settler of Virginia (executed) (b. 1554)
• October 30 – Charles, Margrave of Burgau, German nobleman (b. 1560)
• November 2 – Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria (b. 1558)
• December 6 – Jacques Davy Duperron, French cardinal (b. 1556)
• December 7 – Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas, Catholic cardinal (b. 1546)
• December 9 – Valentine Knightley, English politician (b. 1555)
• December 10 – Giulio Caccini, Italian composer (b. 1551)
• December 13 – Roger Puleston, English politician (b. 1565)
• December 14 – Anna of Tyrol, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1585)
• date unknown – Ebba Bielke, Swedish baroness and conspirator (b. 1570)

Probable

• Chief Powhatan (proper name Wahunsenacawh), father of Pocahontas (b. c. 1547)

References