1664

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1664 (MDCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (dominical letter FE) of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday (dominical letter CB) of the Julian calendar, the 1664th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 664th year of the 2nd millennium, the 64th year of the 17th century, and the 5th year of the 1660s decade. As of the start of 1664, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918.

Events

January–June

• January 5 – Battle of Surat: The Maratha Chhatrapati Shivaji defeats Mughal Emperor Inayat Khan and sacks Surat.
• May 9 – Robert Hooke discovers Jupiter's Great Red Spot.^[1]
• June – Gazzetta di Mantova is first published in Mantua, Italy. By 2009 it will be the world's oldest private newspaper still published, and the oldest continuously published in print.^[2]
• June 9 – Kronenbourg Brewery (Brasseries Kronenbourg) is founded in Strasbourg.
• June – Siege of Novi Zrin (1664): The Ottoman army besieged and destroyed Novi Zrin fortress in northern Croatia.

July–December

• August 1 – The Ottoman Empire is defeated by an Habsburg army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli in the Battle of Saint Gotthard, resulting in the Peace of Vasvár.
• August 27 – The French East India Company (Compagnie des Indes Orientales) is founded.
• September 27 – Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the Dutch colony of New Netherland, surrenders New Amsterdam to an English naval squadron commanded by Colonel Richard Nicolls without bloodshed. The English promptly rename the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II).^[3]
• October 28 – The "Duke of York and Albany's maritime regiment of foot" is formed in London, origin of the British Royal Marines.
• October 31 – Surrounded by a Berber army, the French Navy evacuates the presidio of Jijel (in modern-day Algeria) conquered in June.

Date unknown

• John Evelyn's Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber is published in London in book form.

Births

• January 1 – Alvise Pisani, 114th Doge of Venice (d. 1741)
• January 4 – Lars Roberg, Swedish physician (d. 1742)
• January 14
  • Johann Jakob Schudt, German theologian (d. 1722)
  • Simon van Slingelandt, Grand Pensionary of Holland (d. 1737)
• January 15 – Jean Meslier (d. 1729)
• January 17 – Antonio Salvi, Italian poet (d. 1724)
• January 20 – Giovanni Vincenzo Gravina, Italian writer and jurist (d. 1718)
• January 24 – John Vanbrugh, English architect and dramatist (d. 1726)
• February 6 – Mustafa II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1703)
• February 8 – William Seymour, British politician (d. 1728)
• February 13 – Teodor Andrzej Potocki, Polish noble (d. 1738)
• February 23 – Georg Dietrich Leyding, German composer and organist (d. 1710)
• February 24 (baptized) – Thomas Newcomen, English inventor (d. 1729)
• February 26 – Nicolas Fatio de Duillier, Swiss mathematician (d. 1753)
• March 4 – Juan de Esteyneffer, Moravian German lay Jesuit missionary sent to the New World (d. 1716)
• March 11 – Jørgen Otto Brockenhuus, Dano-Norwegian officer (d. 1728)
• March 12 – Moritz Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz (d. 1718)
• March 14 – Silvio Stampiglia, Italian poet and opera librettist (d. 1725)
• March 17 – Georg Österreich, German composer and music collector (d. 1735)
• March 20 – Johann Homann, German cartographer (d. 1724)
• April 5 – Élisabeth Thérèse de Lorraine, French noblewoman, Princess of Epinoy by marriage (d. 1748)
• April 6
  • Arvid Horn, Swedish politician (d. 1742)
  • Gustaf Cronhielm, Swedish politician (d. 1737)
• April 11 – Pierce Lewis, Welsh cleric who helped to "correct" the 1690 edition of the Welsh Bible (d. 1699)
• April 14 – Ulrik Adolf Holstein, Danish nobleman and statesman (d. 1737)
• April 30 – François Louis, Prince of Conti, French general (d. 1709)
• May 6 – Bhai Bachittar Singh, Sikh martyr (d. 1705)
• May 10 – Tørres Christensen, Merchant (d. 1721)
• May 20 – Andreas Schlüter, German architect and sculptor (d. 1714)
• May 30 – Giulio Alberoni, Italian cardinal and statesman (d. 1754)
• June 3 – Rachel Ruysch, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1750)
• June 5 – Mustafa II (d. 1703)
• June 7
  • Edward Harley, English politician (d. 1735)
  • Henry Dawnay, 2nd Viscount Downe, Irish peer (d. 1741)
• June 22 – Johann Ernst III, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (d. 1707)
• June 24 – François Pourfour du Petit, French anatomist, ophthalmologist and surgeon (d. 1741)
• June 28 – Nicolas Bernier, French composer (d. 1734)
• July 3 – James Stanley, 10th Earl of Derby, English politician (d. 1736)
• July 11 – James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater (d. 1730)
• July 16 – Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois (d. 1666)
• July 18 – Count Palatine Francis Louis of Neuburg, Hochmeister of the Teutonic Order (d. 1732)
• July 21 – Matthew Prior, English poet and diplomat (d. 1721)
• August 2 – Philip Reinhard, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. 1712)
• August 4 – Louis Lully, French composer (d. 1734)
• August 12 – Magnus Stenbock, Swedish noble (d. 1717)
• August 20 – János Pálffy (d. 1751)
• August 24
  • Christen Thomesen Sehested, Danish admiral (d. 1736)
  • Willem Adriaan van der Stel, Dutch colonial administrator (d. 1723)
• September 5
  • Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield, illegitimate daughter of King Charles II of England (d. 1718)
  • Vincenzo Ludovico Gotti, Catholic cardinal (d. 1742)
  • Louis Antoine de Pardaillan de Gondrin, French duke (d. 1736)
• September 7
  • Johann Georg von Eckhart, German historian (d. 1730)
  • Thomas Morgan, English politician (d. 1700)
• September 9 – Johann Christoph Pez, German composer (d. 1716)
• September 14 – John Blackadder, Scottish soldier (d. 1729)
• September 18 – Anton Maria Maragliano, Italian artist (d. 1739)
• October 3 – Giuseppe Alberti, Italian painter (d. 1716)
• October 12 – Praskovia Saltykova, Russian tsarina (d. 1723)
• October 16 – Abraham Alewijn, Playwright (d. 1721)
• October 18 – George Compton, 4th Earl of Northampton (d. 1727)
• October 27 – Thomas Johnson, English politician (d. 1728)
• October 31 – Sir Wilfrid Lawson, 2nd Baronet, of Isell, English politician (d. 1704)
• November 9
  • Johann Speth, German composer (d. 1719)
  • Henry Wharton, English writer (d. 1695)
• November 12 – Marie-Jeanne L'Héritier (d. 1734)
• November 16
  • Louise Marie Thérèse, Benedictine nun (d. 1732)
  • Princess Marie Anne of France, daughter of Louis XIV of France (d. 1664)
• November 18 – Charles of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1688)
• November 24 – Margherita Maria Farnese, Italian noblewoman (d. 1718)
• December 10 – John Williams, American clergy (d. 1729)
• December 13 – Countess Charlotte Johanna of Waldeck-Wildungen, German noblewoman (d. 1699)
• December 15 – Azim-ush-Shan, Mughal prince (d. 1712)
• December 17 – Henry Bayntun, English politician (d. 1691)
• December 26 – Johann Melchior Dinglinger, goldsmith (d. 1731)

Deaths

• March 16 – Ivan Vyhovsky, Ukrainian Cossack leader
• March 19 – Francisco de Araujo, Spanish theologian (b. 1580)
• March 30 – Guru Har Krishan, Eighth Guru of Sikhism (b. 1656)
• April 4 – Adam Willaerts, Dutch painter (b. 1577)
• May 19 – Elisabeth de Bourbon-Vendôme, French princess (b. 1614)
• May 21 – Elizabeth Poole, Puritan/"foundress"/business woman (b. c. 1599)
• June 2 – Henry II, Duke of Guise (b. 1614)
• June 22 – Katherine Philips, Anglo-Welsh poet (b. 1631)
• July – Jan Janssonius, Dutch cartographer (b. 1588)
• July 16 – Andreas Gryphius, German writer (b. 1616)
• July 31 – Goschwin Nickel, Jesuit leader (b. 1582)
• August 24 – Maria Cunitz, Silesian astronomer (b. 1610)
• August 27 – Francisco Zurbarán, Spanish painter (b. 1598)
• October 25 – Zhang Huangyan (张煌言), Chinese writer，poet and military official of Ming Dynasty (b. 1620)
• November 2 – George Ghica, Prince of Moldavia and Wallachia (b. 1600)
• December 25 – Niccolò Ludovisi, Prince of Piombino (b. 1613)
• date unknown – Charlotte Stanley, Countess of Derby defender of Latham House (b. 1599)
• date unknown – Lin Yiu, Chinese poet and painter (b. 1618)
• date unknown – Gu Mei, politically influential Chinese courtesan, poet and painter (b. 1619)

References