1707

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1707.

1707 (MDCCVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (dominical letter B) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday (dominical letter E) of the Julian calendar, the 1707th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 707th year of the 2nd millennium, the 7th year of the 18th century, and the 8th year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1707, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918. In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

Events

January–June

• January 1 – John V is crowned King of Portugal and the Algarves in Lisbon.
• January 16 – The Treaty (or Act) of Union of the two Kingdoms of Scotland and England is ratified by the Parliament of Scotland.
• March 3 – Death of the Emperor Aurangzeb in Delhi.
• March 19 – The Act of Union with Scotland is ratified by the Parliament of England.
• April 25 (April 14 Old Style) – At the Battle of Almansa (Spain) in the War of the Spanish Succession, the Bourbon army of Spain and France (with Irish mercenaries) under the French-born Englishman James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, soundly defeats the allied forces of Portugal, England, and the Dutch Republic led by the French-born Huguenot in English service Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway. Following this, Philip V of Spain promulgates the first Nueva Planta decrees, bringing the Kingdoms of Valencia and Aragon under the laws of the Crown of Castile.^[1]
• May 1 – The new sovereign state of Great Britain comes into being as a result of the Acts of Union which combine the Kingdoms of Scotland and England into a single united Kingdom of Great Britain^[2] and merge the Parliaments of England and Scotland to form the Parliament of Great Britain.^[3]

The Isles of Scilly, scene of the naval disaster in October 1707.

July–December

• July 29–August 21 – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Toulon – Allies are obliged to withdraw, but the French fleet is effectively put out of action.
• October 22 – Scilly naval disaster: four Royal Navy ships run aground in the Isles of Scilly because of faulty navigation. Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell and at least 1450 sailors all drown.
• October 23 – The Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain first meets in London.
• October 28 – Hōei earthquake, the most powerful in Japan until 2011, with an estimated local magnitude of 8.6.
• December 16 – The last recorded eruption of Mount Fuji begins in Japan.

Mount Fuji, last erupts in December 1707.

• December 24 – The first British Governor of Gibraltar, directly appointed by Queen Anne, Roger Elliott, takes up his residence in the Convent of the Franciscan Friars.
• December – Charles XII of Sweden launches his campaign to conquer Russia, marching to the east from Leipzig with 60,000 coalition troops. Another 16,000 soldiers are waiting on the outskirts of Riga, guarding the Swedish supply lines.

Date unknown

• A fortress is founded on the future site of Ust-Abakanskoye (modern Abakan).
• The Lao empire of Lan Xang officially ends and splits into the kingdoms of Vientiane, Luang Prabang, and Champasak.
• Hacienda Juriquilla is built in Querétaro, Mexico.

Births

• January 13 – John Boyle, 5th Earl of Cork, Irish writer (d. 1762)
• February 1 – Frederick, Prince of Wales (d. 1751)
• February 14 – Claude Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon, French novelist (d. 1777)
• February 25 – Carlo Goldoni, Italian playwright (d. 1793)
• March 7 – Stephen Hopkins, founding father of the United States (d. 1785)
• March 14 – Johan Ihre, Swedish philologist and historical linguist (d. 1780)
• March 23 – Henry Scudamore, 3rd Duke of Beaufort (d. 1745)
• April 10 – John Pringle, Scottish physician (d. 1782)
• April 15 – Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1783)
• April 22 – Henry Fielding, British novelist and dramatist (d. 1754)
• April 25 – Léopold Clément, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine, French prince (d. 1723)
• May 1 – Michael Rogers, British soldier (d. 1799)
• May 12 – Francisco Salzillo, Spanish sculptor (d. 1781)
• May 23 – Carl Linnaeus, Swedish botanist (d. 1778)
• August 14 – Johann August Ernesti, German theologian and philologist (d. 1781)
• August 24 – Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, English Methodist leader (d. 1791)
• August 25 – King Louis I of Spain (d. 1724)
• September – Nathan Alcock, English physician (d. 1779)
• September 5 – John Forbes, British general (d. 1759)
• September 7 – Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French scientist (d. 1788)
• November 23 – Anna Karolina Orzelska, Polish adventurer (d. 1769)
• December 18 – Charles Wesley, English Methodist leader, brother of John Wesley (d. 1788)
• date unknown
  • Giuseppe Bonici, Maltese architect and military engineer (d. 1779)
  • Moshe Chaim Luzzatto, Italian rabbi, mystic, and philosopher (d. 1746)
• probable William Hoare, English painter (d. 1792)

Deaths

• January 8 – John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of Stair, Scottish politician (b. 1648)
• January 10 – Philibert, comte de Gramont, French writer (b. 1621)
• January 20 – Humphrey Hody, English theologian (b. 1659)
• March 3 – Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor of India (b. 1618)
• April 6 – Willem van de Velde the Younger, Dutch painter (b. 1633)
• April 29 – George Farquhar, Irish dramatist (b. 1677)
• May 9 – Dieterich Buxtehude, German composer (b. c. 1637)
• May 27 – Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, mistress of King Louis XIV of France (b. 1641)
• June 23 – John Mill, English theologian (b. c. 1645)
• August 18 – William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire, English soldier and statesman (b. 1640)
• August 20 – Nicolas Gigault, French organist and composer (b. 1627)
• September 15 – George Stepney, British poet and diplomat (b. 1663)
• September 24 – Vincenzo da Filicaja, Italian poet (b. 1642)
• October 22 – Sir Cloudesley Shovell, British admiral (b. 1650)
• December 1 – Jeremiah Clarke, English composer (b. 1674)
• December 24 – Noël Coypel, French painter (b. 1628)
• December 27 – Jean Mabillon, French palaeographer and diplomat (b. 1632)
• Maria Clara Eimmart, German astronomer, engraver and designer (b. 1676)
• Julie d'Aubigny, French Swordswoman and opera singer (b. 1670)

References