July 24

July 24 is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 160 days remaining until the end of the year. This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Tuesday, Friday or Sunday (58 in 400 years each) than on Wednesday or Thursday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Monday or Saturday (56).

Events

• 1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.
• 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade.
• 1411 – Battle of Harlaw, one of the bloodiest battles in Scotland, takes place.
• 1487 – Citizens of Leeuwarden, Netherlands strike against a ban on foreign beer.
• 1534 – French explorer Jacques Cartier plants a cross on the Gaspé Peninsula and takes possession of the territory in the name of Francis I of France.
• 1567 – Mary, Queen of Scots, is forced to abdicate and replaced by her 1-year-old son James VI.
• 1701 – Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founds the trading post at Fort Pontchartrain, which later becomes the city of Detroit.
• 1783 – The Kingdom of Georgia and the Russian Empire sign the Treaty of Georgievsk.
• 1814 – War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward the Niagara River to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders.
• 1823 – Slavery is abolished in Chile.
• 1823 – In Maracaibo, Venezuela the naval Battle of Lake Maracaibo takes place, where Admiral José Prudencio Padilla, defeats the Spanish Navy, thus culminating the independence for the Gran Colombia.
• 1847 – After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Kernstown: Confederate General Jubal Early defeats Union troops led by General George Crook in an effort to keep them out of the Shenandoah Valley.
• 1866 – Reconstruction: Tennessee becomes the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War.
• 1901 – O. Henry is released from prison in Columbus, Ohio after serving three years for embezzlement from a bank.
• 1910 – The Ottoman Empire captures the city of Shkodër, putting down the Albanian Revolt of 1910.
• 1911 – Hiram Bingham III re-discovers Machu Picchu, "the Lost City of the Incas".
• 1915 – The passenger ship S.S. Eastland capsizes while tied to a dock in the Chicago River. A total of 844 passengers and crew are killed in the largest loss of life disaster from a single shipwreck on the Great Lakes.
• 1922 – The draft of the British Mandate of Palestine was formally confirmed by the Council of the League of Nations; it came into effect on 26 September 1923.
• 1923 – The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in World War I.
• 1924 – Themistoklis Sofoulis becomes Prime Minister of Greece.
• 1927 – The Menin Gate war memorial is unveiled at Ypres.
• 1929 – The Kellogg–Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of foreign policy, goes into effect (it is first signed in Paris on August 27, 1928 by most leading world powers).
• 1935 – The Dust Bowl heat wave reaches its peak, sending temperatures to 109 °F (43 °C) in Chicago and 104 °F (40 °C) in Milwaukee.
• 1937 – Alabama drops rape charges against the "Scottsboro Boys".
• 1943 – World War II: Operation Gomorrah begins: British and Canadian aeroplanes bomb Hamburg by night, and American planes by day. By the end of the operation in November, 9,000 tons of explosives will have killed more than 30,000 people and destroyed 280,000 buildings.
• 1950 – Cape Canaveral Air Force Station begins operations with the launch of a Bumper rocket.
• 1959 – At the opening of the American National Exhibition in Moscow, U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev have a "Kitchen Debate".
• 1963 – The ship Bluenose II was launched in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. The schooner is a major Canadian symbol.
• 1966 – Michael Pelkey makes the first BASE jump from El Capitan along with Brian Schubert. Both came out with broken bones. BASE jumping has now been banned from El Cap.
• 1967 – During an official state visit to Canada, French President Charles de Gaulle declares to a crowd of over 100,000 in Montreal: Vive le Québec libre! ("Long live free Quebec!"); the statement angered the Canadian government and many Anglophone Canadians.
• 1969 – Apollo program: Apollo 11 splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean.
• 1974 – Watergate scandal: The United States Supreme Court unanimously ruled that President Richard Nixon did not have the authority to withhold subpoenaed White House tapes and they order him to surrender the tapes to the Watergate special prosecutor.
• 1977 – End of a four-day-long Libyan–Egyptian War.
• 1980 – The Quietly Confident Quartet of Australia wins the Men's 4 x 100 metre medley relay at the Moscow Olympics, the only time the United States has not won the event at Olympic level.
• 1982 – Heavy rain causes a mudslide that destroys a bridge at Nagasaki, Japan, killing 299.
• 1983 – The Black July anti-Tamil riots begin in Sri Lanka, killing between 400 and 3,000. Black July is generally regarded as the beginning of the Sri Lankan Civil War.
• 1983 – George Brett batting for the Kansas City Royals against the New York Yankees, has a game-winning home run nullified in the "Pine Tar Incident".
• 1991 – Manmohan Singh presents his budget speech to the Indian Parliament which led to economic liberalisation in India
• 1998 – Russell Eugene Weston, Jr. bursts into the United States Capitol and opens fire killing two police officers. He is later ruled to be incompetent to stand trial.
• 2001 – Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the last Tsar of Bulgaria when he was a child, is sworn in as Prime Minister of Bulgaria, becoming the first monarch in history to regain political power through democratic election to a different office.
• 2001 – Bandaranaike Airport attack is carried out by 14 Tamil Tiger commandos, all died in this attack. They destroyed 11 Aircraft (mostly military) and damaged 15, there are no civilian casualties. This incident slowed down Sri Lankan economy.
• 2011 – Digital switchover is completed in 44 of the 47 prefectures of Japan, with Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima television stations terminating analog broadcasting operations later as a result of the Tōhoku earthquake.
• 2013 – A high-speed train derails in Spain rounding a curve with an 80 km/h (50 mph) speed limit at 190 km/h (120 mph), killing 78 passengers.
• 2014 – Air Algérie Flight 5017 loses contact with air traffic controllers 50 minutes after takeoff. It was travelling between Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso and Algiers with 116 people on board. The wreckage is later found in Mali.

Births

• 1468 – Catherine of Saxony, Archduchess of Austria (d. 1524)
• 1529 – Charles II, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (d. 1577)
• 1561 – Maria of the Palatinate-Simmern (d. 1589)
• 1574 – Thomas Platter the Younger, Swiss physician and author (d. 1628)
• 1660 – Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, English politician, Lord High Treasurer (d. 1718)
• 1689 – Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, son of Queen Anne of Great Britain and Prince George of Denmark (d. 1700)
• 1725 – John Newton, English sailor and priest (d. 1807)
• 1757 – Vladimir Borovikovsky, Ukrainian-Russian painter (d. 1825)
• 1783 – Simón Bolívar, Venezuelan commander and politician, 2nd President of Venezuela (d. 1830)
• 1786 – Joseph Nicollet, French mathematician and explorer (d. 1843)
• 1794 – Johan Georg Forchhammer, Danish mineralogist and geologist (d. 1865)
• 1802 – Alexandre Dumas, French novelist and playwright (d. 1870)
• 1803 – Adolphe Adam, French composer and critic (d. 1856)
• 1821 – William Poole, American boxer and gangster (d. 1855)
• 1826 – Jan Gotlib Bloch, Polish theorist and activist (d. 1902)
• 1851 – Friedrich Schottky, Polish-German mathematician and theorist (d. 1935)
• 1856 – Émile Picard, French mathematician and academic (d. 1941)
• 1857 – Henrik Pontoppidan, Danish journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1943)
• 1857 – Juan Vicente Gómez, Venezuelan general and politician, 27th President of Venezuela (d. 1935)
• 1860 – Princess Charlotte of Prussia (d. 1919)
• 1860 – Alphonse Mucha, Czech painter and illustrator (d. 1939)
• 1864 – Frank Wedekind, German actor and playwright (d. 1918)
• 1867 – Vicente Acosta, Salvadoran journalist and poet (d. 1908)
• 1867 – E. F. Benson, English archaeologist and author (d. 1940)
• 1867 – Fred Tate, English cricketer and coach (d. 1943)
• 1874 – Oswald Chambers, Scottish minister and author (d. 1917)
• 1877 – Calogero Vizzini, Italian mob boss (d. 1954)
• 1878 – Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany, Irish author, poet, and playwright (d. 1957)
• 1880 – Ernest Bloch, Swiss-American composer and educator (d. 1959)
• 1884 – Maria Caserini, Italian actress (d. 1969)
• 1886 – Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, Japanese author (d. 1965)
• 1888 – Arthur Richardson, Australian cricketer and coach (d. 1973)
• 1895 – Robert Graves, English poet, novelist, critic (d. 1985)
• 1897 – Amelia Earhart, American pilot and author (d. 1937)
• 1899 – Chief Dan George, Canadian actor (d. 1981)
• 1900 – Zelda Fitzgerald, American author and poet (d. 1948)
• 1904 – Leo Arnaud, French-American trombonist, composer, and conductor (d. 1991)
• 1904 – Richard B. Morris, American historian and academic (d. 1989)
• 1910 – Harry Horner, American director and production designer (d. 1994)
• 1912 – Essie Summers, New Zealand author (d. 1998)
• 1913 – Britton Chance, American biologist and sailor (d. 2010)
• 1914 – Frances Oldham Kelsey, Canadian pharmacologist and physician (d. 2015)
• 1914 – Ed Mirvish, American-Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 2007)
• 1915 – Enrique Fernando, Filipino lawyer and jurist, 13th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines (d. 2004)
• 1916 – John D. MacDonald, American colonel and author (d. 1986)
• 1917 – Robert Farnon, Canadian trumpet player, composer, and conductor (d. 2005)
• 1918 – Ruggiero Ricci, American violinist and educator (d. 2012)
• 1919 – Robert Marsden Hope, Australian lawyer and judge (d. 1999)
• 1919 – John Winkin, American baseball player, coach, and journalist (d. 2014)
• 1920 – Bella Abzug, American lawyer and politician (d. 1998)
• 1920 – Constance Dowling, American model and actress (d. 1969)
• 1921 – Giuseppe Di Stefano, Italian tenor and actor (d. 2008)
• 1921 – Billy Taylor, American pianist and composer (d. 2010)
• 1922 – Madeleine Ferron, Canadian radio host and author (d. 2010)
• 1924 – Wilfred Josephs, English composer (d. 1997)
• 1924 – Aris Poulianos, Greek anthropologist and archaeologist
• 1927 – Alex Katz, American painter and sculptor
• 1927 – Zara Mints, Russian-Estonian philologist and academic (d. 1990)
• 1930 – Alfred Balk, American journalist and author (d. 2010)
• 1930 – Keshubhai Patel, Indian politician, 10th Chief Minister of Gujarat
• 1931 – Ermanno Olmi, Italian director, screenwriter, and cinematographer
• 1931 – Éric Tabarly, French commander (d. 1998)
• 1932 – Gustav Andreas Tammann, German astronomer and academic
• 1934 – P. S. Soosaithasan, Sri Lankan accountant and politician
• 1935 – Aaron Elkins, American author and academic
• 1935 – Pat Oliphant, Australian cartoonist
• 1935 – Mel Ramos, American painter, illustrator, and academic
• 1935 – Les Reed, English pianist, composer, and conductor
• 1935 – Derek Varnals, South African cricketer
• 1936 – Ruth Buzzi, American actress and comedian
• 1937 – Manoj Kumar, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1937 – Quinlan Terry, English architect, designed the Brentwood Cathedral
• 1938 – Alexis Jacquemin, Belgian economist and academic (d. 2004)
• 1938 – Eugene J. Martin, American painter
• 1938 – John Sparling, New Zealand cricketer
• 1939 – Walt Bellamy, American basketball player and coach (d. 2013)
• 1939 – David Simon, Baron Simon of Highbury, English businessman and politician
• 1940 – Dan Hedaya, American actor
• 1941 – John Bond, English banker and businessman
• 1942 – Heinz, German-English singer-songwriter and bass player (d. 2000)
• 1942 – David Miner, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1942 – Chris Sarandon, American actor
• 1944 – Jim Armstrong, Northern Irish guitarist
• 1945 – Frank Close, English physicist and academic
• 1945 – Azim Premji, Indian businessman and philanthropist
• 1945 – Hugh Ross, Canadian-American astrophysicist and astronomer
• 1945 – Anthony Watts, English geologist, geophysicist, and academic
• 1946 – Gallagher, American comedian and actor
• 1946 – Friedhelm Haebermann, German footballer and manager
• 1946 – Hervé Vilard, French singer-songwriter
• 1947 – Zaheer Abbas, Pakistani cricketer and manager
• 1947 – Geoff McQueen, English screenwriter and producer (d. 1994)
• 1947 – Peter Serkin, American pianist and educator
• 1948 – Michael Coveney, English author and critic
• 1949 – Michael Richards, American actor and comedian
• 1951 – Lynda Carter, American actress
• 1951 – Chris Smith, Baron Smith of Finsbury, English politician, Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport
• 1952 – Gus Van Sant, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1953 – Julian Brazier, English captain and politician
• 1953 – Jon Faddis, American trumpet player, composer, and conductor
• 1953 – Claire McCaskill, American lawyer and politician
• 1953 – James Newcome, English bishop
• 1954 – Erdoğan Arıca, Turkish footballer and manager (d. 2012)
• 1955 – Brad Watson, American author and academic
• 1956 – Charlie Crist, American lawyer and politician, 44th Governor of Florida
• 1957 – Pam Tillis, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress
• 1958 – Jim Leighton, Scottish footballer and coach
• 1960 – Catherine Destivelle, French rock climber and mountaineer
• 1961 – Kerry Dixon, English footballer and manager
• 1962 – Johnny O'Connell, American race car driver and sportscaster
• 1963 – Karl Malone, American basketball player and coach
• 1964 – Barry Bonds, American baseball player
• 1964 – Pedro Passos Coelho, Portuguese economist and politician, 118th Prime Minister of Portugal
• 1964 – Urmas Kaljend, Estonian footballer
• 1964 – John Rosengren, American journalist and author
• 1965 – Andrew Gaze, Australian basketball player and sportscaster
• 1965 – Kadeem Hardison, American actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1965 – Doug Liman, American director and producer
• 1966 – Mo-Do, Italian singer-songwriter (d. 2013)
• 1966 – Martin Keown, English footballer and coach
• 1968 – Kristin Chenoweth, American actress and singer
• 1968 – Colleen Doran, American author and illustrator
• 1968 – Malcolm Ingram, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1968 – Laura Leighton, American actress
• 1969 – Rick Fox, Bahamian basketball player
• 1969 – Jennifer Lopez, American actress, singer, and dancer
• 1972 – Kaiō Hiroyuki, Japanese sumo wrestler
• 1973 – Ana Cristina Oliveira, Portuguese model and actress
• 1973 – Amanda Stretton, English race car driver and journalist
• 1975 – Tracey Crouch, English politician, Minister for Sport and the Olympics
• 1975 – Jamie Langenbrunner, American ice hockey player
• 1975 – Torrie Wilson, American Model, fitness competitor, Actress and former Professional wrestler
• 1975 – Eric Szmanda, American actor
• 1976 – Rafer Alston, American basketball player
• 1976 – Tiago Monteiro, Portuguese race car driver and manager
• 1979 – Rose Byrne, Australian actress
• 1979 – Jerrod Niemann, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1979 – Valerio Scassellati, Italian race car driver
• 1979 – Anne-Gaëlle Sidot, French tennis player
• 1979 – Mark Andrew Smith, American author
• 1979 – Ryan Speier, American baseball player
• 1980 – Joel Stroetzel, American guitarist
• 1981 – Doug Bollinger, Australian cricketer
• 1981 – Mark Robinson, English footballer
• 1982 – Chris Barrett, American director, producer, and author
• 1982 – Trevor Matthews, Canadian actor and producer, founded Brookstreet Pictures
• 1982 – Thiago Medeiros, Brazilian race car driver
• 1982 – Mewelde Moore, American football player
• 1982 – Elisabeth Moss, American actress
• 1982 – Anna Paquin, Canadian-born New Zealand actress
• 1982 – Michael Poppmeier, South African-German rugby player
• 1983 – Daniele De Rossi, Italian footballer
• 1984 – Patrick Harvey, Australian actor
• 1984 – Tyler Kyte, Canadian singer and drummer
• 1984 – Adam Nelson, Scottish footballer
• 1985 – Patrice Bergeron, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1985 – Aries Merritt, American hurdler
• 1985 – Lukáš Rosol, Czech tennis player
• 1985 – Eric Wright, American football player
• 1987 – Filipe Francisco dos Santos, Brazilian footballer
• 1987 – Nathan Gerbe, American ice hockey player
• 1987 – Zack Sabre, Jr., English wrestler
• 1988 – Ricky Petterd, Australian footballer
• 1988 – Han Seung-yeon, South Korean singer and dancer
• 1989 – Maurkice Pouncey, American football player
• 1989 – Kim Tae-hwan, South Korean footballer
• 1990 – Travis Mahoney, Australian swimmer
• 1990 – Jay McGuiness, English singer
• 1990 – Dean Stoneman, English race car driver
• 1991 – Manuel Fischnaller, Italian footballer
• 1992 – Dmitry Abyzov, Russian footballer
• 1992 – Mitch Grassi, American singer-songwriter
• 1992 – Mikaël Kingsbury, Canadian skier
• 1994 – Alejandra Álvarez, Ecuadorian tennis player

Deaths

• 811 – Gao Ying, Chinese politician (b. 740)
• 946 – Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, Egyptian ruler (b. 882)
• 1115 – Matilda of Tuscany (b. 1046)
• 1129 – Emperor Shirakawa of Japan (b. 1053)
• 1568 – Carlos, Prince of Asturias (b. 1545)
• 1594 – John Boste, English martyr and saint (b. 1544)
• 1601 – Joris Hoefnagel, Flemish painter (b. 1542)
• 1739 – Benedetto Marcello, Italian composer and educator (b. 1686)
• 1768 – Nathaniel Lardner, English theologian and author (b. 1684)
• 1862 – Martin Van Buren, American lawyer and politician, 8th President of the United States (b. 1782)
• 1891 – Hermann Raster, German-American journalist and politician (b. 1827)
• 1908 – Vicente Acosta, Salvadoran journalist and poet (b. 1867)
• 1910 – Arkhip Kuindzhi, Ukrainian-Russian painter (b. 1841)
• 1927 – Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Japanese author (b. 1892)
• 1957 – Sacha Guitry, French actor and director (b. 1885)
• 1962 – Wilfrid Noyce, English mountaineer and author (b. 1917)
• 1965 – Constance Bennett, American actress and producer (b. 1904)
• 1966 – Tony Lema, American golfer (b. 1934)
• 1969 – Witold Gombrowicz, Polish author and playwright (b. 1904)
• 1970 – Peter de Noronha, Indian businessman, philanthropist, and civil servant (b. 1897)
• 1974 – James Chadwick, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)
• 1980 – Peter Sellers, English actor and comedian (b. 1925)
• 1985 – Ezechiele Ramin, Italian missionary and martyr (b. 1953)
• 1986 – Fritz Albert Lipmann, German-American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
• 1986 – Qudrat Ullah Shahab, Pakistani civil servant and author (b. 1917)
• 1991 – Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish-American novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
• 1992 – Arletty, French actress and singer (b. 1898)
• 1992 – Sam Berger, Canadian lawyer and businessman (b. 1900)
• 1994 – Helen Cordero, Cochiti Pueblo (Native American) Pueblo potter (b. 1915)
• 1995 – George Rodger, English photographer and journalist (b. 1908)
• 1996 – Alphonso Theodore Roberts, Vincentian cricketer and activist (b. 1937)
• 1997 – William J. Brennan, Jr., American colonel and jurist (b. 1906)
• 1997 – Saw Maung, Burmese general and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Burma (b. 1928)
• 2000 – Ahmad Shamloo, Iranian poet and journalist (b. 1925)
• 2001 – Georges Dor, Canadian author, playwright, and composer (b. 1931)
• 2005 – Richard Doll, English physiologist and epidemiologist (b. 1912)
• 2007 – Albert Ellis, American psychologist and author (b. 1913)
• 2007 – Nicola Zaccaria, Greek opera singer (b. 1923)
• 2008 – Norman Dello Joio, American pianist and composer (b. 1913)
• 2011 – Frank Dietrich, German politician (b. 1966)
• 2011 – Dan Peek, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1950)
• 2011 – Harald Johnsen, Norwegian bassist and composer (b. 1970)
• 2011 – David Servan-Schreiber, French physician, neuroscientist, and author (b. 1961)
• 2011 – Skip Thomas, American football player (b. 1950)
• 2012 – Chad Everett, American actor and director (b. 1937)
• 2012 – Sherman Hemsley, American actor and singer (b. 1938)
• 2012 – Larry Hoppen, American singer and guitarist (b. 1951)
• 2012 – Robert Ledley, American physiologist and physicist, invented the CT scanner (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Themo Lobos, Chilean author and illustrator (b. 1928)
• 2012 – John Atta Mills, Ghanaian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Ghana (b. 1944)
• 2012 – Gregorio Peces-Barba, Spanish jurist and politician (b. 1938)
• 2013 – Garry Davis, American pilot and activist, created the World Passport (b. 1921)
• 2013 – Fred Dretske, American philosopher and academic (b. 1932)
• 2013 – Virginia E. Johnson, American psychologist and sexologist (b. 1925)
• 2013 – Pius Langa, South African lawyer and jurist, 19th Chief Justice of South Africa (b. 1939)
• 2014 – Ik-Hwan Bae, Korean-American violinist and educator (b. 1956)
• 2014 – Dale Schlueter, American basketball player (b. 1945)
• 2014 – Hans-Hermann Sprado, German journalist and author (b. 1956)
• 2015 – Peg Lynch, American actress and screenwriter (b. 1916)
• 2015 – Jim Mitchell, American captain, lawyer, and judge (b. 1946)
• 2015 – Ingrid Sischy, South African-American journalist and critic (b. 1952)
• 2016 – Marni Nixon, American actress and singer (b. 1930)

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Charbel (Maronite Church/Catholic Church)
  • Christina the Astonishing
  • Christina of Bolsena
  • Declán of Ardmore
  • Kinga of Poland
  • Martyrs of Daimiel
  • July 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Children's Day (Vanuatu)
• Navy Day (Venezuela)
• Pioneer Day (Utah) (United States)
• Simón Bolívar Day (Ecuador, Venezuela, Colombia, and Bolivia)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to July 24.

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada