1605

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1605 (MDCV) was a common year starting on Saturday (dominical letter B) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday (dominical letter F) of the Julian calendar, the 1605th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 605th year of the 2nd millennium, the 5th year of the 17th century, and the 6th year of the 1600s decade. As of the start of 1605, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918.

Events

January–June

• January 16 – The first part of Miguel de Cervantes' satire on the theme of chivalry, Don Quixote (El ingenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha, "The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha"), is published in Madrid. One of the first significant novels in the western literary tradition, it becomes a global bestseller almost at once.
• March 11 – A proclamation declares all people of Ireland to be the direct subjects of the British Crown and not of any local lord or chief.^[1]
• April 1 – Pope Leo XI succeeds Pope Clement VIII as the 232nd pope.
• April 13 – Tsar Boris Godunov dies; Feodor II accedes to the Russian throne.
• April 16 – In England, John Winthrop, later governor of the future Massachusetts Bay Colony, marries his first wife (of 4), Mary Forth, daughter of John Forth, of Great Stambridge, Essex.
• May 16 – Pope Paul V succeeds Pope Leo XI as the 233rd pope, making this the last Year of Three Popes until 1978.
• June 1 – Russian troops in Moscow imprison Feodor II and his mother, later executing them.
• June 20 – Pretender Dmitriy and his supporters, including troops of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, march to Moscow.

July–December

• July 4 – A proclamation commands all Roman Catholic seminary priests and Jesuits to leave Ireland by December 10 and directs the laity to attend Church of Ireland services.^[1]
• July 21 – Pretender Dmitriy is officially crowned Tsar Dimitriy Ioannovich of Russia in Moscow by Patriarch Ignatius.
• September 27 – Swedish armies are decisively defeated by Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth cavalry in the Battle of Kircholm.
• October
  • First publication of Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien by Johann Carolus in Strasbourg (Holy Roman Empire), generally regarded as the world's first newspaper.^[2] De Nieuwe Tijdinghen, a Dutch proto-newspaper, is also published this year.
  • Francis Bacon's Of the Proficience and Advancement of Learning, Divine and Human is published in London.
• October 27 – Spanish troops of General Spinola occupy Wachtendonk.Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great dies
• November 3 – Jahangir begins his 22-year reign of the Mughal Empire.
• November 5 – Gunpowder Plot: A plot to blow up the English Houses of Parliament is foiled when, following a tip-off, Sir Thomas Knyvet, a justice of the peace, finds Catholic plotter Guy Fawkes in a cellar below the Parliament building and orders a search of the area. 36 barrels of gunpowder are found and Fawkes is arrested for trying to kill King James I of England and the members who are scheduled to sit together in Parliament the next day.

Date unknown

The Red Hall, Bourne, England, dating from 1605^[3]

• Tokugawa Ieyasu abdicates as shogun of Japan, becoming Ogosho. His son Tokugawa Hidetada succeeds him to the office.
• Habitation at Port-Royal established by France under Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons, the first European colonization of Nova Scotia in North America (at this time part of Acadia); the Gregorian calendar is adopted.
• Crew of the Olive become the first English visitors to Barbados.
• Refugee French Huguenot merchants begin to settle in Dublin and Waterford.^[4]
• The Priory of St. Gregory's is founded at Douai, Flanders, at this time in the Spanish Netherlands, by its first prior, John Roberts, and other exiles, thus becoming the first English Benedictine house to renew conventual life after the English Reformation. More than two centuries later the community will establish Downside Abbey back in England.
• The Irish College in Paris is co-founded by John Lee, an Irish priest, and John de l'Escalopier, President of the Parlement.
• Central Mexico's Amerindian population reaches one million.

Shahryar (Mughal prince) born 16 January

Mary Stuart (1605–1607) born 8 April

Federico Ubaldo della Rovere, Duke of Urbino born 16 May

Simon Dach born 29 July

Tianqi Emperor born 23 December

Births

January–March

• January 16 – Shahryar, fifth and youngest son of the Mughal emperor Jahangir (d. 1628)
• January 17 – Anthony Irby, English politician (d. 1682)
• February 1 – Isaac Aboab da Fonseca, Sephardi rabbi (d. 1693)
• February 17 – Luca Ferrari, Italian painter (d. 1654)
• February 18
  • Juan de Almoguera, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Lima (1673–1676) and Bishop of Arequipa (1659–1673) (d. 1676)
  • Abraham Ecchellensis (d. 1664)
• February 20 – Sir John Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Lowther, English politician (d. 1675)
• March 1 – James Wriothesley, Lord Wriothesley, English politician (d. 1624)
• March 2 – René Menard, Canadian explorer (d. 1661)
• March 3 – George Horner, English politician (d. 1677)
• March 14 – Francis Davies, British bishop (d. 1675)
• March 17 – George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1626–1661) (d. 1661)

April–June

• April 8
  • King Philip IV of Spain (d. 1665)
  • Mary Stuart, English-Scottish princess (d. 1607)
• April 10 – Thomas Hastings, American politician (d. 1685)
• April 18 – Giacomo Carissimi, Italian composer (d. 1674)
• April 19 – Orazio Benevoli, Italian composer (d. 1672)
• April 30 – Peder Winstrup, Bishop of Lund (d. 1679)
• May 7 – Patriarch Nikon of Moscow, Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church (d. 1681)
• May 16 – Federico Ubaldo della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, Italian noble (d. 1623)
• May 29 – Hendrick van Anthonissen, Dutch painter (d. 1656)
• June 15 – Thomas Randolph, English poet and dramatist (d. 1635)
• June 22 – Andrea Bolgi (d. 1656)

July–September

• July 6 – Ulrich II, Count of East Frisia, Ruler of East Frisia in the later years of the Thirty Years' War (d. 1648)
• July 25 – Theodore Haak, German scholar (d. 1690)
• July 29 – Simon Dach, Prussian German lyrical poet and writer of hymns (d. 1659)
• August 6
  • Johann Philipp von Schönborn, Archbishop-Elector of Mainz (1647– (d. 1673)
  • Bulstrode Whitelocke, English lawyer (d. 1675)
• August 8 – Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, first Proprietor and Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland (d. 1675)
• August 18 – Henry Hammond, English churchman (d. 1660)
• August 25 – Philipp Moritz, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg, German noble (d. 1638)
• August 30 – Felice Ficherelli, Italian painter (d. 1660)
• August 31 – Nicolas Talon, French Jesuit (d. 1691)
• September 1 – Michele Mazzarino, Italian cardinal (d. 1648)
• September 8 – Cornelis Jan Witsen, Mayor of Amsterdam (d. 1669)
• September 12 – William Dugdale, English antiquary and herald (d. 1686)
• September 14 – Brynjólfur Sveinsson, Icelandic bishop and scholar (d. 1675)
• September 17 – Francesco Sacrati, Italian composer (d. 1650)
• September 24 – Antoine Godeau, French bishop and poet (d. 1672)
• September 28 – Ismaël Bullialdus, French astronomer (d. 1694)

October–December

• October 15 – Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier, French princess (d. 1627)
• October 16 – Charles Coypeau d'Assoucy, French writer and composer (d. 1677)
• October 19 – Sir Thomas Browne, English physician and philosopher (d. 1682)
• October 22 – Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, prince of the independent principality of Sedan (d. 1652)
• November 3 – John Henderson, 5th of Fordell, Scottish noble (d. 1650)
• November 4 – William Habington, English poet (d. 1654)
• November 5 – Thomas Shepard, American Puritan minister and a significant figure in early colonial New England (d. 1649)
• December 1 – Roger Hill, English politician (d. 1667)
• December 8 – François Vavasseur, French writer (d. 1681)
• December 16 – Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland, English diplomat and landowner who held the presidency of Munster (d. 1662)
• December 23 – Tianqi Emperor, Ming emperor of China (d. 1627)
• December 25 – Francis Godolphin, English politician (d. 1667)

Date unknown

• William Berkeley, English governor of Virginia (d. 1677)
• Adriaen Brouwer, Flemish painter (d. 1638)
• Aleksander Dominik Kazanowski, Polish nobleman (d. 1648)
• Alexandra Mavrokordatou, Greek intellectual and salonist (d. 1684)
• Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin, Russian statesman (d. 1680)
• Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, French traveller and pioneer of trade with India (d. 1689)
• Constantia Zierenberg, German-Polish singer (d. 1653)

Approximate date

• Semyon Dezhnev, Pomor navigator (d. 1672)
• John Gauden, English bishop and writer (d. 1662)
• William Goffe, English parliamentarian and regicide (d. 1679)
• Thomas Nabbes, English dramatist (d. c. 1645)
• Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham, English noble (d. 1666)

Deaths

Pope Clement VIII died 3 March

Pope Leo XI died 27 April

Ulisse Aldrovandi died 4 May

Theodore Beza died 13 October

January–March

• January 16 – Eitel Friedrich IV, Count of Hohenzollern (b. 1545)
• February 5 – Edward Stafford, English diplomat (b. 1552)
• February 15 – Maria of Hanau-Münzenberg, German noblewoman (b. 1562)
• February 19 – Orazio Vecchi, Italian composer (b. 1550)
• February 24 – Girolamo Simoncelli, Catholic cardinal (b. 1522)
• February 26 – George III, Count of Erbach-Breuberg (1564–1605) (b. 1548)
• March 3 – Pope Clement VIII (b. 1536)
• March 12 – Alexander II of Kakheti, King of Kakheti (b. 1527)
• March 17 – Pieter Bast, Cartographer, engraver and draftsman (b. 1550)

April–June

• April 5 – Adam Loftus, English Catholic archbishop (b. c. 1533)
• April 6 – John Stow, English historian and antiquarian (b. 1525)
• April 10 – Albrecht VII, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (b. 1537)
• April 13 – Boris Godunov, Tsar of Russia (b. 1551)
• April 25 – Naresuan, Siamese King of Ayutthaya kingdom (b. c. 1555)
• April 27 – Pope Leo XI (b. 1535)
• May 4 – Ulisse Aldrovandi, Italian naturalist (b. 1522)
• May 10 – Casimir VI, Duke of Pomerania, Lutheran Administrator of Cammin Prince-Bishopric (b. 1557)
• June 3 – Jan Zamoyski, Polish nobleman (b. 1542)
• June 9 – John Louis II, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (1596–1605) (b. 1596)
• June 20 – Tsar Feodor II of Russia (b. 1589)

July–September

• July 2 – Louis I, Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein (1588–1605) (b. 1532)
• July 18 – Johann II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, German duke (b. 1570)
• July 26 – Rev. Fr. Miguel de Benavides, O.P., Spanish clergyman and sinologist (b. 1552)
• August 2 – Richard Leveson, admiral (b. c. 1570)
• August 4 – Charles I, Duke of Elbeuf, French duke and nobleman (b. 1556)
• September 9 – Heinrich Khunrath (b. 1560)
• September 11 – Sir Thomas Tresham, English politician (b. 1550)
• September 14 – Jan Tarnowski, Archbishop of Kraków (b. 1550)
• September 19 – Edward Lewknor, English politician (b. 1542)
• September 23 – Pontus de Tyard, French poet (b. c. 1521)
• September 24 – Manuel Mendes, Portuguese composer (b. 1547)

October–December

• October 13 – Theodore Beza, French theologian (b. 1519)
• October 18 – Beate Clausdatter Bille, Danish noblewoman (b. 1526)
• October 22 – Constantine I of Kakheti, King of Kakheti (b. 1567)
• October 27 – Akbar, Mughal emperor (b. 1542)
• October 31 – Dorothy Bray, Baroness Chandos, English noble (b. 1524)
• November 5 – Nyaungyan Min (b. 1555)
• November 8 – Robert Catesby, English conspirator (b. 1573)
• November 12 – Jan Tomasz Drohojowski, Polish noble (b. 1535)
• November 14 – Anna Maria of Anhalt, German noblewoman (b. 1561)
• December – Francis Tresham, English conspirator (b. 1567)
• December 6 – Murai Nagayori, Samurai (b. 1543)
• December 25 – Marino Grimani, Doge of VEnice (b. 1532)
• December 29 – John Davis, English explorer (b. 1550)

Date unknown

• Marek Sobieski, Polish nobleman (b. 1549)

References