1675

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1675 (MDCLXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (dominical letter F) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday (dominical letter C) of the Julian calendar, the 1675th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 675th year of the 2nd millennium, the 75th year of the 17th century, and the 6th year of the 1670s decade. As of the start of 1675, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918.

Events

January–June

• January 5 – Franco-Dutch War – Battle of Turckheim: In Turckheim, Alsace, France, the French defeat Austria and Brandenburg.
• January 29 – John Sassamon, an English-educated Native American Christian, dies at Assawampsett Pond, an event which will trigger a year-long war between English American colonists of New England and Algonquian Native American tribes.
• April– – English merchant Anthony de la Roché, blown off course having rounded Cape Horn eastabout, makes the first discovery of land south of the Antarctic Convergence, landing on South Georgia and (probably) Gough Island.^[1][2][3]
• June 8 – John Sassamon's alleged murderers are executed at Plymouth.
• June 11 – Armed Wampanoags are reported traveling around Swansea, Massachusetts.
• June 14–June 25 – Colonial authorities of Rhode Island, Plymouth, and Massachusetts attempt a negotiation with Metacomet (King Philip), leader of the Wampanoags, and seek guarantees of fidelity from the Nipmuck and Narragansett tribes.
• June 24 – King Philip's War breaks out as the Wampanoags attack Swansea.
• June 26 – Massachusetts troops march to Swansea to join the Plymouth troops.
• June 26–June 29 – Wampanoags assault Rehoboth and Taunton; the natives elude colonial troops and leave Mount Hope for Pocasset, Massachusetts. The Mohegan tribe travels to Boston in order to side with the English colonists against the Wampanoags.
• June 28 – Brandenburg defeats the Swedes in the Battle of Fehrbellin.

July–December

• July 15 – The Narragansett tribe signs a peace treaty with Connecticut.
• July 16–24 – An envoy from Massachusetts attempts to negotiate with the Nipmuck tribe.
• August 2–4 – The Nipmucks attack Massachusetts troops and besiege Brookfield, Massachusetts.
• August 10 – King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London; construction begins.
• August 13 – The Massachusetts Council orders that Christian Indians are to be confined to designated praying towns.
• September 1–2 – While Wampanoags and Nipmucks attack Deerfield, Massachusetts, Captain Samuel Moseley commands Massachusetts troops in an attack on the Pennacook tribe.
• September 12 – English colonists abandon Deerfield, Squakeag, and Brookfield due to a coalition of Indian attacks.
• September 15 – The Bremen-Verden Campaign of the Northern Wars begins with the invasion of Amt Wildeshausen by the Munster army and their advance on Verden via the city of Bremen.
• September 18 – The Narragansetts sign a treaty with the English in Boston; meanwhile, Massachusetts troops are ambushed near Northampton, Massachusetts.
• October 5 – The Pocomtuc tribe attacks and destroys Springfield, Massachusetts.
• October 13 – The Massachusetts Council convenes and agrees that all Christian Indians should be ordered to move to Deer Island.
• November 2–12 – Commissioners of the Thirteen Colonies organize a united force to attack the Narragansett tribe.
• November 11
  • Guru Teg Bahadur, ninth of the Sikh gurus, is executed by Mughal rulers; he prefers execution to defend the right of Hindus to practice their own religion. He is succeeded by Guru Gobind Singh as tenth Guru.
  • Gottfried Leibniz uses infinitesimal calculus on a function.
• December 19 – United colonial forces attack the Narragansetts at the Great Swamp Fight.

Date unknown

• Cassini discovers Saturn's Cassini Division.
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek begins to use a microscope for observing human tissues and liquids.

Births

• January 16 – Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French writer (d. 1755)
• January 27 – Erik Benzelius the younger, Swedish priest (d. 1743)
• February 21 – Franz Xaver Josef von Unertl, Bavarian politician (d. 1750)
• February 28 – Guillaume Delisle, French cartographer (d. 1726)
• March 31 – Pope Benedict XIV (d. 1758)
• May 29 – Humphry Ditton, English mathematician (d. 1715)
• June 1 – Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei, Italian archaeologist (d. 1755)
• July 5 – Mary Walcott, American accuser at the Salem witch trials
• July 12 – Evaristo Abaco, Italian composer (d. 1742)
• July 14 – Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French soldier (d. 1747)
• September 2 – William Somervile, English poet (d. 1742)
• September 3 – Paul Dudley, Attorney-General of Massachusetts (d. 1751)
• September 27 – Dorothea Krag, Danish General Postmaster and noble (d. 1754)
• October 11 – Samuel Clarke, English philosopher (d. 1729)
• October 21 – Emperor Higashiyama of Japan (d. 1710)
• October 24 – Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham, English soldier and politician (d. 1749)
• date unknown – William Jones (mathematician), (d. 1749)
  • Cille Gad, Norwegian poet (d. 1711)

Deaths

• February 9 – Gerhard Douw, Dutch painter (b. 1613)
• March 18 – Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier (b. 1606)
• April 12 – Richard Bennett, British Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1609)
• May 18 – Stanisław Lubieniecki, Polish Socinian theologian (b. 1623)
• May 18 – Father Jacques Marquette, French missionary and explorer (b. 1636)
• May 27 – Gaspard Dughet, French painter (b. 1613)
• June 12 – Charles Emmanuel II of Savoy (b. 1634)
• July 27 – Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (b. 1611)
• July 28 – Bulstrode Whitelocke, English lawyer (b. 1605)
• September 18 – Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1604)

Johannes Vermeer buried 15 December

• September 23 – Valentin Conrart, founder of the Académie française (b. 1603)
• October 26 – William Sprague, English co-founder of Charlestown, Massachusetts (b. 1609)
• October 27 – Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician (b. 1602)
• November – Feodosia Morozova, Russian religious dissident martyr (b. 1632)
• November 1 – Guru Tegh Bahadur, 9th Sikh Guru (b. 1621)
• November 28 – Basil Feilding, 2nd Earl of Denbigh, English Civil War soldier
• November 28 – Leonard Hoar, American President of Harvard University (b. 1630)
• November 30 – Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, colonial Governor of Maryland (b. 1605)
• December 6 – John Lightfoot, English church goer (b. 1602)
• December 15 – Johannes Vermeer, Dutch painter (b. 1632)
• December 23 – Caesar, duc de Choiseul, French marshal and diplomat (b. 1602)
• date unknown – Margareta Beijer, director of the Swedish royal post office (b. 1625)

References