1607

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April 25: The Explosion of the Spanish Flagship during the Battle of Gibraltar, by Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom (1566–1640).

1607 (MDCVII) was a common year starting on Monday (dominical letter G) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday (dominical letter D) of the Julian calendar, the 1607th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 607th year of the 2nd millennium, the 7th year of the 17th century, and the 8th year of the 1600s decade. As of the start of 1607, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918.

Events

January–June

• January 13 – The Bank of Genoa fails after the announcement of national bankruptcy in Spain.
• January 19 – San Agustin Church, Manila, is officially completed; by the 21st century it will be the oldest church in the Philippines
• January 30 – A massive wave sweeps along the Bristol Channel, possibly a tsunami, killing 2,000 people.
• February 24 – Première of Claudio Monteverdi's L'Orfeo, the earliest fully developed opera in the modern-day repertoire, at the Ducal Palace of Mantua.
• March 10 – Susenyos defeats the combined armies of Yaqob and Abuna Petros II at the Battle of Gol in Gojjam, which makes him Emperor of Ethiopia.
• April 25 – Battle of Gibraltar: A Dutch fleet destroys a Spanish fleet anchored in the Bay of Gibraltar.
• April 26 – English colonists make landfall at Cape Henry, Virginia, later moving up the James River.
• May 14 – Jamestown, Virginia, is established as the first permanent English settlement in North America (the modern-day United States), beginning the American frontier.
• May 15 – Jamestown: Christopher Newport, George Percy, Gabriel Archer, and others travel 6 days exploring along the James River up to the falls and Powhatan's village.
• May 26
  • Jamestown: The president directs the fort to be strengthened and armed against the many attacks of the natives: "Hereupon the President was contented the Fort should be pallisadoed, the ordinance mounted, his men armed and exercised, for many were the assaults and Ambuscadoes of the Savages ..." [John Smith, Proceedings (Barbour 1964)]
  • 200 armed Indians attack the Jamestown settlement, killing 2 and wounding 10.
• May 28 – Jamestown: The Fort is pallisadoed: "we laboured, pallozadoing our fort" [Gabriel Archer (Arber)].
• June 5 – John Hall marries Susanna, daughter of William Shakespeare.
• June 8 – Newton rebellion: The Tresham landowners family kills 40–50 peasants during protests against the enclosure of common land in Newton, Northamptonshire, England, at the culmination of the Midland Revolt.
• June 10 – Jamestown: Captain John Smith is released from arrest and sworn in as a member of the colony Council.
• June 15 – Jamestown: The triangular fort is completed and armed: "The fifteenth of June we had built and finished our Fort, which was triangle wise, having three Bulwarkes, at every corner, like a halfe Moone, and foure or five pieces of Artillerie mounted in them. We had made our selves sufficiently strong for these Savages. We had also sowne most of our Corne on two Mountaines." [George Percy (Tyler 1952:19)]
• June 22 – Christopher Newport sails back to England.
• June 27 – Jamestown: The colony bears extreme toil in strengthening the fort [from John Smith, Proceedings (Barbour 1964:210)].

July–December

• August 13 – The ship Gift of God of the Plymouth Company arrives at the mouth of the modern-day Kennebec River in Maine. English colonists establish Fort St. George, also known as the Popham Colony. The settlement lasts little more than a year, before residents return to England in the first oceangoing ship built in the New World, a 30-ton pinnace called The Virginia.
• September 5 – Hamlet is performed aboard the East India Company ship Red Dragon, under the command of Capt. William Keeling, anchored off the coast of Sierra Leone, the first known performance of a Shakespeare play outside England in English, and the first by amateurs.
• September 10 – Jamestown President Edward Maria Wingfield is deposed and John Ratcliffe elected.
• September 14 – Flight of the Earls: Hugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone, and Rudhraighe Ó Domhnail, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, flee Ireland for Spain with ninety followers to avoid capture by the English crown, never to return.
• December (early) – Captain John Smith of the Jamestown Colony is captured by Opchancanough and then sent to Chief Powhatan for execution; Pocahontas rescues him.

Date unknown

• Spain is effectively bankrupt.
• The rule of Andorra passes jointly to the king of France and the Bishop of Urgell.
• Yaqob is defeated in battle and deposed by his cousin Susenyos, who then becomes Emperor of Ethiopia.
• In the Midland Revolt against Enclosures in England, the term Levellers is first used.
• Missionary Juan Fonte establishes the first Jesuit mission among the Tarahumara, in the Sierra Madre Mountains of Northwest Mexico.

Isaac Jogues born 10 January

Antonio Barberini born 5 August

Jan Lievens born 24 October

Anna Maria van Schurman born 5 November

Madeleine de Scudéry born 15 November

John Harvard (clergyman) born 26 November

Births

January–March

• January 10 – Isaac Jogues, French Jesuit missionary to the Native Americans (d. 1646)
• January 30 – Willem Nieupoort, Dutch politician, and diplomat (d. 1678)
• January 31 – James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby (d. 1651)
• February 9 – Abraham Megerle, Austrian composer and organist (d. 1680)
• February 22 – Edward Thurland, English politician (d. 1683)
• February 25 – Ahasuerus Fromanteel, English clockmaker (d. 1693)
• February 27 – Christian Keymann, German hymnwriter (d. 1662)
• March? – Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, Scottish clan chief (d. 1661)
• March 8 – Johann von Rist, German poet and dramatist known for the hymns he wrote (d. 1667)
• March 9 – Gervase Holles, Member of the Parliament of England (d. 1675)
• March 10 – Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton, English statesman (d. 1667)
• March 12 – Paul Gerhardt, German theologian (d. 1676)
• March 20 – Lady Alice Boyle, Irish noblewoman (d. 1667)
• March 24 – Michiel de Ruyter, Dutch admiral (d. 1676)
• March 31 – Philippe Le Sueur de Petiville, Poet (d. 1657)

April–June

• April 5 – (bapt.) John Boys, English Royalist soldier, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (d. 1664)
• April 16 – Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans, French duke (d. 1611)
• April 26 – Countess Palatine Magdalene Catherine of Zweibrücken and Duchess of Birkenfeld (d. 1648)
• May 21 – Sir Philip Musgrave, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1678)
• May 31 – Johann Wilhelm Baur, German artist (d. 1640)
• June 17 – Lacuzon (d. 1681)
• June 24 – Jean-Jacques Renouard de Villayer, French postal pioneer (d. 1691)

July–September

• July 1 – Thomas de Critz, British artist (d. 1653)
• July 12 – Jean Petitot, French-Swiss enamel painter (d. 1691)
• July 13 – Václav Hollar, Bohemian etcher (d. 1677)
• August – Claude de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French courtier (d. 1693)
• August 5
  • Antonio Barberini, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1671)
  • Philipp Friedrich Böddecker, German organist and composer (d. 1683)
• August 6 – Dirck van der Lisse, Dutch painter (d. 1669)
• August 15
  • St. Francisco Fernandez de Capillas, Spanish saint (d. 1648)
  • Herman IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg (1627–1658) (d. 1658)
• August 24 – Sebastian von Rostock, German bishop (d. 1671)
• September 15 – Archduke Charles of Austria (d. 1632)
• September 25 – Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d. 1634)
• September 26 – Francesco Cairo, Italian painter (d. 1665)

October–December

• October 4 – Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla, Spanish dramatist (d. 1648)
• October 19 – Louis of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince (d. 1624)
• October 24 – Jan Lievens, Dutch painter (d. 1674)
• October 25 – Antonio de la Cerda, 7th Duke of Medinaceli, Grandee of Spain (d. 1671)
• November 1 – Georg Philipp Harsdörffer, Baroque-period German poet and translator (d. 1658)
• November 5 – Anna Maria van Schurman, Dutch painter (d. 1678)
• November 6 – Sigmund Theophil Staden, important early German composer (d. 1655)
• November 10 – John Gregory, English orientalist (d. 1646)
• November 15
  • Ernest Casimir, Count of Nassau-Weilburg, Founder of the younger line of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1655)
  • Madeleine de Scudéry, French writer (d. 1701)
• November 23 – Andrzej Trzebicki, nobleman and priest in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (d. 1679)
• November 25 – Kanō Naonobu, Japanese painter of the Kanō school of painting during the early Edo period (d. 1650)
• November 26 – John Harvard, English-born American clergyman (d. 1638)
• November 28 – Pietro Sforza Pallavicino (d. 1667)
• December 4 – John Frescheville, 1st Baron Frescheville, English politician (d. 1682)
• December 6 – Christopher Turnor, English judge (d. 1675)
• December 10 – Kjeld Stub, Danish priest (d. 1663)
• December 14 – John Kemény, Prince of Transylvania (d. 1662)
• December 17 – Pacecco De Rosa, Italian painter (d. 1656)
• December 19 – Remigius van Leemput, painter from the Southern Netherlands (d. 1675)
• December 30
  • Sir James Harington, 3rd Baronet, English politician (d. 1680)
  • Song Si-yeol, Korean philosopher (d. 1689)
• date unknown
  • John Dixwell, English judge and regicide (d. 1689)
  • Jan Kazimierz Krasiński, Polish nobleman (d. 1669)
  • Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi, Japanese samurai (d. 1650)

Deaths

Anne Morgan, Baroness Hunsdon died 19 January

Anna d'Este died 17 May

Martim Afonso de Castro died 3 June

Caesar Baronius died 30 June

Mary Stuart (1605–1607) died 16 September

January–March

• January 12 – Mihály Káthay, Hungarian politician (b. c. 1565)
• January 19 – Anne Morgan, Baroness Hunsdon, English Baroness (b. 1529)
• January 25 – Anders Foss, Norwegian bishop (b. 1543)
• January 27 – Richard Lowther, English soldier and official (b. 1532)
• March 11 – Giovanni Maria Nanino, Italian composer (b. c. 1543)
• March 31 – Henry Beaumont, English landowner and MP (b. 1545)

April–June

• April 6 – Jan Saenredam, Dutch engraver (b. 1565)
• April 9 – Eleanor of Prussia, daughter of Duke Albert Frederick of Prussia; by marriage Electress of Brandenburg (b. 1583)
• April 15
  • César de Bus, French Catholic priest (b. 1544)
  • Cornelis Kiliaan, 16th-century writer from the Southern Netherlands (b. 1528)
• April 27 – Edward Cromwell, 3rd Baron Cromwell, Governor of Lecale (b. 1560)
• May – Edward Dyer, English courtier and poet (b. 1543)
• May 3 – Agnes Douglas, Countess of Argyll, Scottish noblewoman (b. 1574)
• May 17 – Anna d'Este (b. 1531)
• May 21 – John Rainolds, English scholar and Bible translator (b. 1549)
• May 25 – Mary Magdalene de' Pazzi (b. 1566)
• June 2 – Yūki Hideyasu, daimyo (b. 1574)
• June 3 – Martim Afonso de Castro, Portuguese Viceroy of India (b. 1560)
• June 7 – Johannes Matelart, composer (b. c. 1538)
• June 10 – John Popham, Lord Chief Justice of England (b. 1531)
• June 19
  • Johannes Bertelius, Luxembourgian historian (b. 1544)
  • Patriarch Job of Moscow
• June 28 – Domenico Fontana, Italian architect (b. 1543)
• June 30 – Caesar Baronius, Italian cardinal and historian (b. 1538)

July–September

• July 6 – Achille Gagliardi, Italian philosopher and theologian (b. 1537)
• July 7 – Penelope Blount, Countess of Devonshire, English noblewoman (b. 1563)
• July 12 – Thomas Legge, British writer (b. 1535)
• July 24 – Alessandro Pieroni, Italian painter (b. 1550)
• July 29 – Alexander Chocke of Avington, English politician (b. 1566)
• August 1 – Otto Casmann, German philosopher (b. 1562)
• August 22 – Bartholomew Gosnold, English explorer and privateer (b. 1571)
• August 29 – Ercole Sassonia, Italian physician (b. 1551)
• September 5 – Pomponne de Bellièvre, French politician (b. 1529)
• September 10 – Luzzasco Luzzaschi, Italian composer (b. 1545)
• September 16 – Mary Stuart, English-Scottish princess (b. 1605)
• September 22 – Alessandro Allori, Italian portrait painter of the late Mannerist Florentine school (b. 1535)

October–December

• October 16 – Hōzōin In'ei, Japanese Buddhist teacher (b. 1521)
• October 31 – Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki, Polish philosopher (b. 1530)
• November 7 – Ana de Velasco y Girón, Mother of King John IV of Portugal (b. 1585)
• November 8 – Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst, Electress of Brandenburg (b. 1563)
• November 24 – Juan de la Cerda, 6th Duke of Medinaceli, Spanish noble (b. 1569)
• December 20 – Sir John Bourke of Brittas, Irish recusant, hanged (b. 1550)
• December 31 – Edmund Shakespeare, English actor, brother of William Shakespeare (b. 1580)
• date unknown – Henry Chettle, English writer (b. 1564)

References