List of science fiction films of the 1970s

A list of science fiction films released in the 1970s. These films include core elements of science fiction, but can cross into other genres. They have been released to a cinema audience by the commercial film industry and are widely distributed with reviews by reputable critics.

During the 1970s, blockbuster science fiction films, which reached a much larger audience than previously, began to make their appearance. The financial success of these movies resulted in heavy investment in special effects by the American film industry, leading to big-budget, heavily marketed science fiction film releases during the 1990s.[1] Collectively, the science fiction films from the 1970s received 11 Academy Awards, 10 Saturn Awards, six Hugo Awards, three Nebula Awards and two Grammy Awards. Two of these movies, Star Wars (1977) and Superman (1978), were the highest grossing films of their respective years of release.

List

1970
Title Director Cast Country Subgenre/Notes
Beneath the Planet of the ApesTed PostJames Franciscus, Kim Hunter, Maurice EvansUnited States
Colossus: The Forbin ProjectJoseph SargentEric Braeden, Susan Clark, Gordon PinsentUnited States[nb 1]
Crimes of the FutureDavid CronenbergRonald Mlodzik, Jon Lidolt, Tania ZoltyCanada
Gamera vs. JigerNoriaki YuasaTsutomu Takakuwa, Kelly Varis, Katherine MurphyJapan
Gas-s-s-sRoger CormanRobert Corff, Elaine Giftos, Bud CortUnited States
I Killed Einstein, GentlemenOldřich LipskýJiří Sovák, Jana Brejchová, Lubomír LipskýCzechoslovakia
The Mind of Mr. SoamesAlan CookeTerence Stamp, Robert Vaughn, Nigel DavenportUnited Kingdom United States
No Blade of GrassCornel WildeNigel Davenport, Jean Wallace, John HamillUnited Kingdom United States
On the CometKarel ZemanEmil Horváth, Magda Vášáryová, František FilipovskýCzechoslovakia
Scream and Scream AgainGordon HesslerVincent Price, Christopher Lee, Peter CushingUnited Kingdom
SkullduggeryGordon DouglasBurt Reynolds, Susan Clark, Roger C. CarmelUnited States
Space AmoebaIshirō HondaAkira Kubo, Atsuko Takahashi, Yukiko KobayashiJapan
ToomorrowVal GuestOlivia Newton-John, Benny Thomas, Vic CooperUnited Kingdom
When Dinosaurs Ruled the EarthVal GuestVictoria Vetri, Robin Hawdon, Patrick AllenUnited Kingdom United States
1971
Title Director Cast Country Subgenre/Notes
The Andromeda StrainRobert WiseJames Olson, Arthur Hill, David WayneUnited States
A Clockwork OrangeStanley KubrickMalcolm McDowell, Patrick Magee, Michael BatesUnited Kingdom United States
Escape from the Planet of the ApesDon TaylorRoddy McDowall, Kim Hunter, Bradford DillmanUnited States
Gamera vs. ZigraNoriaki YuasaKoji Fujiyama, Daigo Inoue, Reiko KasaharaJapan
Glen and RandaJim McBrideSteven Curry, Shelley Plimpton, Woody ChamblissUnited States
Godzilla vs. HedorahYoshimitsu BannoAkira Yamauchi, Toshie Kimura, Hiroyuki KawaseJapan
HaytaboUlli LommelEddie Constantine, Katrin Schaake, Uschi ObermaierWest Germany[2]
The Incredible 2-Headed TransplantAnthony LanzaBruce Dern, Patricia Ann Priest, Casey KasemUnited States
The Million Dollar DuckVincent McEveetyDean Jones, Sandy Duncan, Joe FlynnUnited States
The Omega ManBoris SagalCharlton Heston, Anthony Zerbe, Rosalind CashUnited States
Out of the DarknessChatrichalerm YukolSorapong ChatreeThailand
Quest for LoveRalph ThomasJoan Collins, Tom Bell, Denholm ElliottUnited Kingdom
The Resurrection of Zachary WheelerBob WynnLeslie Nielsen, Bradford Dillman, James DalyUnited States
THX 1138George LucasRobert Duvall, Donald Pleasence, Don Pedro ColleyUnited States
You Are a Widow, SirVáclav VorlíčekIva Janžurová, Olga Schoberová, Eduard CupákCzechoslovakia
1972
Title Director Cast Country Subgenre/Notes
Beware! The BlobLarry HagmanRobert Walker, Jr., Gwynne Gilford, Richard StahlUnited States
The Boy Who Turned YellowMichael PowellMark Dightam, Robert Eddison, Helen WeirUnited Kingdom
Conquest of the Planet of the ApesJ. Lee ThompsonRoddy McDowall, Don Murray, Ricardo MontalbanUnited States
Doomsday MachineHerbert J. LederBobby Van, Ruta Lee, Mala PowersUnited States
DoomwatchPeter SasdyIan Bannen, Judy Geeson, John PaulUnited Kingdom
EolomeaHerrmann ZschocheCox Habbema, Ivan Andonov, Rolf HoppeEast Germany Soviet Union Bulgaria
Godzilla vs. GiganJun FukudaHiroshi Ishikawa, Yuriko Hishimi, Minoru TakashimaJapan
The Happiness CageBernard GirardChristopher Walken, Joss Ackland, Ralph MeekerDenmark United States
Horror ExpressEugenio MartinTelly Savalas, Christopher Lee, Peter CushingSpain United Kingdom
Night of the LepusWilliam F. ClaxtonStuart Whitman, Janet Leigh, Rory CalhounUnited States
Now You See Him, Now You Don'tRobert ButlerKurt Russell, Cesar Romero, Joe FlynnUnited States
Silent RunningDouglas TrumbullBruce Dern, Cliff Potts, Ron RifkinUnited States
Slaughterhouse FiveGeorge Roy HillMichael Sacks, Ron Leibman, Eugene RocheUnited States[nb 2]
SolarisAndrey TarkovskiyNatal'ya Bondarchuk, Donatas Banionis, Jüri JärvetSoviet Union[nb 3]
The Thing with Two HeadsLee FrostRosey Grier, Ray Milland, Don MarshallUnited States
The Twilight PeopleEddie RomeroPam Grier, John Ashley, Pat Woodell, Jan MerlinPhilippines United States
Z.P.G.Michael CampusOliver Reed, Geraldine Chaplin, Don GordonDenmark United States
1973
Title Director Cast Country Subgenre/Notes
Battle for the Planet of the ApesJ. Lee ThompsonRoddy McDowall, Claude Akins, Natalie TrundyUnited States
Beyond AtlantisEddie RomeroPatrick Wayne, John Ashley, Leigh ChristianPhilippines United States
The CraziesGeorge A. RomeroLane Carroll, Will MacMillan, Harold Wayne JonesUnited States
Digby, the Biggest Dog in the WorldJoseph McGrathJim Dale, Spike Milligan, Angela Douglas
The Day of the DolphinMike NicholsGeorge C. Scott, Trish Van Devere, Paul SorvinoUnited States
Fantastic PlanetRené LalouxJennifer Drake, Eric Baugin, Jean TopartFranceCzechoslovakia
The Final ProgrammeRobert FuestJon Finch, Jenny Runacre, Sterling HaydenUnited Kingdom
Godzilla vs. MegalonJun FukudaKatsuhiko Sasaki, Hiroyuki Kawase, Yutaka HayashiJapan
Idaho TransferPeter FondaKelly Bohanon, Kevin Hearst, Caroline HildebrandUnited States
Invasion of the Bee GirlsDenis SandersWilliam Smith, Anitra Ford, Victoria VetriUnited States
Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the FutureLeonid GaydayYuriy Yakovlev, Leonid Kuravlyov, Aleksandr DemyanenkoSoviet Union
Murder in a Blue WorldEloy de la IglesiaSue Lyon, Christopher Mitchum, Jean SorelSpain France
The Neptune FactorDaniel PetrieBen Gazzara, Walter Pidgeon, Ernest BorgnineCanada
Nihon ChinbotsuShiro MoritaniKeiju Kobayashi, Hiroshi Fujioka, Ayumi IshidaJapan
SleeperWoody AllenWoody Allen, Diane Keaton, John BeckUnited States[nb 4]
Soylent GreenRichard FleischerCharlton Heston, Edward G. Robinson, Leigh Taylor-YoungUnited States[nb 5]
WestworldMichael CrichtonYul Brynner, Richard Benjamin, James BrolinUnited States
1974
Title Director Cast Country Subgenre/Notes
And Now My LoveClaude LelouchMarthe Keller, André Dussollier, Charles DennerFrance Italy
Chosen SurvivorsSutton RoleyJackie Cooper, Alex Cord, Richard JaeckelMexico United States
Dark StarJohn CarpenterDan O'Bannon, Dre Pahich, Brian NarelleUnited States[nb 6]
ESPYJun FukudaHiroshi Fujioka, Kaoru Yumi, Masao KusakariJapan
Flesh GordonMichael Benveniste, Howard ZiehmJason Williams, Suzanne Fields, Joseph HudginsUnited States
Godzilla vs. MechagodzillaJun FukudaMasaaki Daimon, Kazuya Aoyama, Reiko TajimaJapan
Invasion from Inner EarthBill RebanePaul Bentzen, Debbi Pick, Nick HoltUnited States
The Island at the Top of the WorldRobert StevensonDavid Hartman, Donald Sinden, Jacques MarinUnited States
The Little PrinceStanley DonenRichard Kiley, Steven Warner, Joss AcklandUnited Kingdom United States
Morel's InventionEmidio GrecoGiulio Brogi, Anna Karina, John SteinerItaly
Moscow-CassiopeiaRichard ViktorovInnokentiy Smoktunovskiy, Vasiliy Merkur'yev, Lev DurovSoviet Union
The MutationsJack CardiffDonald Pleasence, Tom Baker, Brad HarrisUnited Kingdom United States
Phase IVSaul BassNigel Davenport, Michael Murphy, Lynne FrederickUnited Kingdom United States
Prophecies of NostradamusToshio MasudaTetsuro Tamba, Toshio Kurosawa, Kaoru YumiJapan
Space Is the PlaceJohn ConeyBarbara Deloney, Sun Ra, Raymond JohnsonUnited States
The Terminal ManMike HodgesGeorge Segal. Joan Hackett, Richard DysartUnited States
UFO: Target EarthMichael A. DeGaetanoNick Plakias, Cynthia Cline, LaVerne LightUnited States
ZardozJohn BoormanSean Connery, Charlotte Rampling, Sara KestelmanRepublic of Ireland United States
1975
Title Director Cast Country Subgenre/Notes
A Boy and His DogL.Q. JonesDon Johnson, Jason Robards, Susanne BentonUnited States[nb 7]
Black MoonLouis MalleCathryn Harrison, Therese Giehse, Alexandra StewartFrance West Germany
BugJeannot SzwarcBradford Dillman, Joanna Miles, Richard GillilandUnited States
Death Race 2000Paul BartelDavid Carradine, Sylvester Stallone, Simone GriffethUnited States
Escape to Witch MountainJohn HoughEddie Albert, Ray Milland, Donald PleasenceUnited States
Footprints on the MoonLuigi BazzoniFlorinda Bolkan, Peter McEnery, Nicoletta ElmiItaly
The Giant Spider InvasionBill RebaneSteve Brodie, Barbara Hale, Robert EastonUnited States
Hu-ManJérôme LaperrousazTerence Stamp, Jeanne Moreau, Agnès SteveninFrance
The Land That Time ForgotKevin ConnorDoug McClure, John McEnery, Susan PenhaligonUnited Kingdom United States
A Long ReturnPedro LazagaMark Burns, Lynne Frederick, Charo LópezSpain
The NoahDaniel BourlaRobert Strauss, Geoffrey Holder, Sally KirklandUnited States
The Rocky Horror Picture ShowJim SharmanTim Curry, Susan Sarandon, Barry BostwickUnited Kingdom United States
RollerballNorman JewisonJames Caan, John Houseman, Maud AdamsUnited Kingdom United States[nb 8]
ShiversDavid CronenbergPaul Hampton, Joe Silver, Lynn LowryCanada
The Stepford WivesBryan ForbesKatharine Ross, Paula Prentiss, Peter MastersonUnited States
The Strongest Man in the WorldVincent McEveetyKurt Russell, Joe Flynn, Eve ArdenUnited States
The Super InframanHua-ShanDanny Lee, Terry Liu, Hsieh WangHong Kong
Teens in the UniverseRichard ViktorovMikhail Yershov, Aleksandr Grigor'yev, Vladimir SavinSoviet Union
Terror of MechagodzillaIshirō HondaKatsuhiko Sasaki, Tomoko Ai, Akihiko HirataJapan
The Ultimate WarriorRobert ClouseYul Brynner, Max von Sydow, Joanna MilesUnited States
1976
Title Director Cast Country Subgenre/Notes
Any Day NowRoeland KerboschAnsje van Brandenberg, Huib Broos, Ton van DuinhovenNetherlands
At the Earth's CoreKevin ConnorDoug McClure, Peter Cushing, Caroline MunroUnited Kingdom United States
EmbryoRalph NelsonRock Hudson, Barbara Carrera, Diane LaddUnited States
The Food of the GodsBert I. GordonMarjoe Gortner, Pamela Franklin, Ralph MeekerUnited States
FutureworldRichard T. HeffronPeter Fonda, Blythe Danner, Arthur HillUnited States
God Told Me ToLarry CohenTony Lo Bianco, Deborah Raffin, Sandy DennisUnited States
In the Dust of the StarsGottfried KolditzJana Brejchová, Alfred Struwe, Ekkehard SchallEast Germany
Logan's RunMichael AndersonMichael York, Jenny Agutter, Richard JordanUnited States[nb 9]
The Man Who Fell to EarthNicolas RoegDavid Bowie, Rip Torn, Candy ClarkUnited Kingdom[nb 10]
The Rat SaviorKrsto PapićIvica Vidović, Mirjana Majurec, Relja BašićSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1977
Title Director Cast Country Subgenre/Notes
Close Encounters of the Third KindSteven SpielbergRichard Dreyfuss, François Truffaut, Teri GarrUnited States[nb 11]
Cosmos: War of the PlanetsAlfonso BresciaJohn Richardson, Yanti Somer, West BuchananItaly
Damnation AlleyJack SmightJan-Michael Vincent, George Peppard, Dominique SandaUnited States
Demon SeedDonald CammellJulie Christie, Fritz Weaver, Gerrit GrahamUnited States
Empire of the AntsBert I. GordonJoan Collins, Robert Lansing, John David CarsonUnited States
End of the WorldJohn HayesChristopher Lee, Sue Lyon, Kirk ScottUnited States
The GlitterballHarley CocklissBen Buckton, Keith Jayne, Ron PemberUnited Kingdom
Great Plates of MalikovJaromil JirešVlastimil Brodský, Jan Tříska, Iva JanžurováCzechoslovakia
The Incredible Melting ManWilliam SachsAlex Rebar, Burr de Benning, Myron HealeyUnited States
The Island of Dr. MoreauDon TaylorBurt Lancaster, Michael York, Nigel DavenportUnited States
Kingdom of the SpidersJohn CardosWilliam Shatner, Tiffany Bolling, Woody StrodeUnited States
Legend of Dinosaurs & Monster BirdsJunji KurataTsunehiko Watase, Nobiko Sawa, Shotaro HayashiJapan
A Nice Plate of SpinachVáclav VorlíčekVladimír Menšík, Jiří Sovák, Iva JanžurováCzechoslovakia
The People That Time ForgotKevin ConnorPatrick Wayne, Doug McClure, Sarah Douglas, Dana GillespieUnited Kingdom United States
Planet of DinosaursJames K. SheaMary Appleseth, Harvey Shain, Derna WyldeUnited States
PolygonAnatoliy PetrovAnatoliy Kuznetsov, Vsevolod Yakut, Oleg MokshantsevSoviet Union
PreyNorman J. WarrenBarry Stokes, Sally Faulkner, Glory Annen ClibberyUnited Kingdom
RabidDavid CronenbergMarilyn Chambers, Frank Moore, Joe SilverCanada United States
Space Battleship YamatoToshio MasudaGorô Naya, Kei Tomiyama, Shūsei NakamuraJapan
Star WarsGeorge LucasMark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie FisherUnited States[nb 12]
Starship InvasionsEd HuntRobert Vaughn, Christopher Lee, Daniel PilonCanada
Tomorrow I'll Wake Up and Scald Myself with TeaJindřich PolákPetr Kostka, Jiří Sovák, Vladimír MenšíkCzechoslovakia
The War in SpaceJun FukudaKensaku Morita, Yuko Asano, Ryo IkebeJapan
Welcome to Blood CityPeter SasdyJack Palance, Keir Dullea, Samantha EggarCanada United Kingdom
WizardsRalph BakshiJesse Welles, Bob Holt, Richard RomanusUnited States
1978
Title Director Cast Country Subgenre/Notes
The Alien FactorDonald M. DohlerDon Leifert, Tom Griffith, Richard DyszelUnited States
The Alpha IncidentBill RebaneRalph Meeker, Stafford Morgan, John F. GoffUnited States
The Bermuda TriangleRené Cardona Jr.John Huston, Gloria Guida, Marina VladyMexico Italy
Blue ChristmasKihachi OkamotoHiroshi Katsuno, Keiko Takeshita, Eiji OkadaJapan
The Boys from BrazilFranklin J. SchaffnerGregory Peck, Laurence Olivier, James MasonUnited Kingdom United States
The Cat from Outer SpaceNorman TokarKen Berry, Sandy Duncan, Harry MorganUnited States
DeathsportAllan Arkush, Nicholas Niciphor, Roger CormanDavid Carradine, Claudia Jennings, Richard LynchUnited States
Farewell to Space Battleship Yamato: In the Name of LoveToshio Masuda, Leiji MatsumotoKei Tomiyama, Yôko Asagami, Gorô NayaJapan
Hardware WarsErnie FosseliusFrank Robertson, Scott Mathews, Jeff HaleUnited States
Invasion of the Body SnatchersPhilip KaufmanDonald Sutherland, Brooke Adams, Jeff Goldblum, Veronica CartwrightUnited States[nb 13]
LaserblastMichael RaeKim Milford, Cheryl Smith, Gianni RussoUnited States
The Medusa TouchJack GoldRichard Burton, Lee Remick, Lino VenturaUnited Kingdom France
Message from SpaceKinji FukasakuVic Morrow, Sonny Chiba, Philip CasnoffJapan
Return from Witch MountainJohn HoughBette Davis, Christopher Lee, Kim RichardsUnited States
Science Ninja Team Gatchaman: The MovieHisayuki ToriumiKatsuji Mori, Isao Sasaki, Kazuko SugiyamaJapan
StarcrashLuigi CozziMarjoe Gortner, Caroline Munro, Christopher PlummerUnited States
SupermanRichard DonnerMarlon Brando, Gene Hackman, Christopher ReeveUnited Kingdom Switzerland Panama United States[nb 14]
The SwarmIrwin AllenMichael Caine, Katharine Ross, Richard WidmarkUnited States
Warlords of AtlantisKevin ConnorDoug McClure, Peter Gilmore, Shane RimmerUnited Kingdom
1979
Title Director Cast Country Subgenre/Notes
AlienRidley ScottSigourney Weaver, Tom Skerritt, John HurtUnited Kingdom United States[nb 15]
El Año de la PesteFelipe CazalsAlejandro Parodi, José Carlos Ruiz, Rebeca SilvaMexico
The Black HoleGary NelsonMaximilian Schell, Anthony Perkins, Robert ForsterUnited States
The BroodDavid CronenbergOliver Reed, Samantha Eggar, Art HindleCanada
Buck Rogers in the 25th CenturyDaniel HallerGil Gerard, Erin Gray, Pamela HensleyUnited States
The FortressMiklós SzinetárBella Tanay, Sándor Oszter, József MadarasHungary
Galaxy Express 999RintaroMasako Nozawa, Masako Ikeda, Yôko AsagamiJapan
G.I. SamuraiKosei SaitoSonny Chiba, Jun Etô, Moeko EzawaJapan
GoldengirlJoseph SargentSusan Anton, James Coburn, Curd JürgensUnited States
H. G. Wells' The Shape of Things to ComeGeorge McCowanJack Palance, Carol Lynley, Barry MorseCanada
The Hamburg SyndromePeter FleischmannHelmut Griem, Fernando Arrabal, Carline SeiserWest Germany France
The HumanoidAldo LadoRichard Kiel, Corinne Cléry, Leonard MannItaly
Island of the FishmenSergio MartinoBarbara Bach, Claudio Cassinelli, Richard JohnsonItaly
Little Orbit the Astrodog and the Screechers from Outer SpaceJean ImageFrance
Mad MaxGeorge MillerMel Gibson, Joanne Samuel, Hugh Keays-ByrneAustralia
The MedicPierre Granier-DeferreAlain Delon, Véronique Jannot, Bernard GiraudeauFrance
MeteorRonald NeameSean Connery, Natalie Wood, Karl MaldenUnited States Hong Kong
MoonrakerLewis GilbertRoger Moore, Lois Chiles, Michel LonsdaleUnited Kingdom France United States
PhantasmDon CoscarelliMichael Baldwin, Bill Thornbury, Reggie BannisterUnited States
PlagueEd HuntDaniel Pilon, Kate Reid, Céline LomezCanada United States
QuintetRobert AltmanPaul Newman, Vittorio Gassman, Fernando ReyUnited States
RavagersRichard ComptonRichard Harris, Ernest Borgnine, Ann TurkelUnited States
Spaced OutNorman J. WarrenBarry Stokes, Tony Maiden, Glory Annen ClibberyUnited Kingdom
StalkerAndrey TarkovskiyAlisa Freyndlikh, Aleksandr Kaydanovskiy, Anatoliy SolonitsynSoviet Union
Star Trek: The Motion PictureRobert WiseWilliam Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, DeForest KelleyUnited States
Test pilota PirxaMarek PiestrakSergey Desnitskiy, Bolesław Abart, Vladimir IvashovPoland Soviet Union
The Thing in the CastleGottfried KolditzErwin Geschonneck, Vlastimil Brodský, Jaecki SchwarzEast GermanyGerman title: Das Ding im Schloß[3]
ThirstRod HardyChantal Contouri, Shirley Cameron, Max PhippsAustralia
Time After TimeNicholas MeyerMalcolm McDowell, Mary Steenburgen, David WarnerUnited States
Unidentified Flying OddballRuss MayberryDennis Dugan, Jim Dale, Ron MoodyUnited Kingdom United States
I viaggiatori della seraUgo TognazziUgo Tognazzi, Ornella Vanoni, Roberta PaladiniItaly Spain
The VisitorGiulio ParadisiMel Ferrer, Glenn Ford, Lance HenriksenItaly United States

See also

Notes

  1. Won a Golden Scroll of Merit in 1979 for theatrical motion picture production.
  2. Won a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation and a Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film.
  3. Winner of the Grand Prize of the Jury and the FIPRESCI Prize at the Cannes Film Festival.
  4. Won a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation and a Nebula Award for Best Script.
  5. Winner of a Nebula Award for Best Script and a Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film.
  6. Won a Golden Scroll for Best Special Effects in 1976.
  7. Winner of a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation.
  8. Winner of a BAFTA for Best Art Direction.
  9. Winner of an Academy Award for Visual Effects (Special Achievement Award) and a Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film.
  10. Won a Nebula Award for Best Script and a Saturn Award for Best Actor in a film.
  11. Winner of Academy Awards for Cinematography and Sound Editing (Special Achievement Award) and a Grammy Award for Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special and Best Instrumental Composition (1979). It was also the second highest grossing film of 1977.
  12. Won Academy Awards for Art Direction, Costume Design, Film Editing, Original Score, Sound (Special Achievement Award), Visual Effects; a Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film, and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation. It was also the highest grossing film of 1977.
  13. Remake. Winner of Saturn Awards for Best Director and Best Sound.
  14. Won the Academy Award for Visual Effects (Special Achievement Award), Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film, Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation and the Grammy Award for Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special and Best Instrumental Composition. It was also the highest grossing film of the year.
  15. Winner of the Academy Award for Visual Effects, Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film and Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation.

References

  1. King, Geoff; Krzywinska, Tanya (2000). Science fiction cinema: from outerspace to cyberspace. Short cuts. 3. Wallflower Press. pp. 4–7. ISBN 1-903364-03-5.
  2. Reimer, Robert C.; Reimer, Carol J. (1 April 2010). The A to Z of German Cinema. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 190. ISBN 9780810876118.
  3. Fritzsche, Sonja (Fall 2010), "A Natural and Artificial Homeland: East German Science-Fiction Film Responds to Kubrick and Tarkovsky", Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Film and Television Studies, 40.2: 80–101, doi:10.1353/flm.2010.0002
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