List of countries with McDonald's restaurants

McDonald's
Public
Traded as
Industry Restaurants
Genre Fast food restaurant
Founded McDonald's:
May 15, 1940 (1940-05-15)
San Bernardino, California
McDonald's Corporation:
April 15, 1955 (1955-04-15)
Des Plaines, Illinois
Founders McDonald's:
Richard and Maurice McDonald
McDonald's Corporation:
Ray Kroc
Headquarters Oak Brook, Illinois, U.S. (moving to Chicago in 2018)[1]
Number of locations
 36,615[2] (September 30, 2016)
Area served
 Worldwide
Key people
Products
Revenue
  • Decrease US$ 25.413 billion (2015)[3]
  • Decrease US$ 7.146 billion (2015)[3]
  • Decrease US$ 4.529 billion (2015)[3]
Total assets
  • Increase US$ 37.939 billion (2015)[3]
Total equity
  • Decrease US$ 7.088 billion (2015)[3]
Number of employees
 420,000 (2015)[3]
Website

corporate.mcdonalds.com/mcd.html
www.mcdonalds.com/us/en-us.html

This is a listing of countries with McDonald's restaurants. McDonald's is the largest chain of fast food restaurants in the world.[4] It has more than 35,000 outlets worldwide.[5] The majority of McDonald's outlets outside of the United States are franchises.

The biggest temporary McDonald's restaurant in the world was opened during 2012 Summer Olympics in London, which had 3,000 square metres (32,000 sq ft).[6][6][7][8][9][10][11] The biggest still standing one is probably that at Will Rogers Turnpike.[11]

The list of countries follows the company's own calculation, and contains several non-sovereign territories.

Countries and territories with a McDonald's outlet

1# Name of country Date of first store First outlet location Number of currently operating outlets Source and date of source Notes
1  United States May 16, 1940 San Bernardino, California 14,267 (source: McDonald's 2013) See McDonald's USA
2  Canada June 3, 1967 Richmond, British Columbia 1,427 (source: McDonald's 2013) See McDonald's Canada
3  Puerto Rico December 6, 1967 San Juan 108 (source: McDonald's 2013) First McDonald's in Latin America and in the Caribbean. See McDonald's Puerto Rico
4  U.S. Virgin Islands September 5, 1970 St. Croix 6 (source: McDonald's 2013)
5  Costa Rica December 8, 1970 San Jose, 4th street, between 1st and Central Avenue. 54 (source: McDonald's 2013) Third country (not U.S. possession) and first outlet outside Northern America where McDonald's opened. See McDonald's Costa Rica
6  Australia May 30, 1971 Yagoona, New South Wales[12] 920 (source: McDonald's 2013) First outlet in Oceania and first outlet outside the Americas. See McDonald's Australia.
7  Guam June 10, 1971 Dededo 8 (source: McDonald's 2013)
8  Japan July 21, 1971 Tokyo 2,975 (source: McDonald's 2015) First outlet in Asia, see McDonald's Japan; McDonald's Holdings Company Japan, Inc.[13]
9  Netherlands August 21, 1971 Zaandam 252 (source: McDonald's 2016) First outlet in Europe. Plans to open 15 more in next 4 years. See McDonald's Netherlands
10  Panama September 1, 1971 Panama City 57 (source: McDonald's 2013) See McDonald's Panama
11  West Germany
 Germany		 November 22, 1971 Munich 1,477 (source: McDonald's June 2015) First outlet in West Germany. Outlets in the New states of Germany opened in 1991. See McDonald's Germany
12  France June 30, 1972 Créteil 1,300+ (source: McDonald's June 2015) First outlet in Creteil in 1972 even though McDonald's officially recognizes the first outlet in Strasbourg in 1979. See McDonald's France.
13  El Salvador July 20, 1972 San Salvador 13 (source: McDonald's 2013) Left in 1980 during the Salvadorian Civil War, but returned after the war in 1992.
14  Sweden October 27, 1973 Kungsgatan 4, Stockholm 230 (source: December 2014) First outlet in Scandinavia. See McDonald's Sweden
15  Guatemala June 6, 1974 Guatemala City 76 (source: McDonald's 2013) See McDonald's Guatemala
16  Curacao August 16, 1974 Willemstad 5 (source: McDonald's 2013) See McDonald's Aruba and Curaçao
17  United Kingdom England: 13 November 1974[14]
Wales: 3 December 1984
Scotland: 23 November 1987
Northern Ireland: 12 October 1991		 Woolwich, London 1,240 (source: McDonald's 2015) Includes Isle of Man and Jersey (1 each)
England: 1,038
Scotland: 95
Wales: 62
Northern Ireland: 26
See McDonald's UK
18  British Hong Kong
 Hong Kong
January 8, 1975 Paterson Street, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong Island.[15] 237 R(source: McDonald's 2013) Then a British Crown colony/Dependent Territory. See McDonald's Hong Kong
19  Bahamas August 4, 1975 Nassau 3 (source: Dec. 2012) First outlet in an independent country of the Caribbean.
20  New Zealand June 7, 1976 Porirua Central, Wellington[16] 162 (source: McDonald's 2013) Founded in New Zealand by Wally and Hugh Morris[17]
First South Island restaurants opened at Linwood and Merivale, both Christchurch, on 3 November 1987.[18] See McDonald's New Zealand.
21   Switzerland October 20, 1976 Geneva 157 (source: McDonald's 2013) see McDonald's Switzerland
22  Ireland May 9, 1977 Grafton Street, Dublin 84 (source: McDonald's 2013) First drive-thru in Europe opened in Nutgrove, Dublin and first McCafé in Europe Grafton Street, Dublin, see McDonald's Ireland
23  Austria July 21, 1977 Schwarzenbergplatz, Vienna 196 (source: McDonald's 2016) see McDonald's Austria
24  Belgium March 21, 1978 Brussels 74 (source: McDonald's 2015) see McDonald's Belgium
25  Brazil February 13, 1979 Rio de Janeiro 812 (source: McDonald's 2013) First outlet in South America. See McDonald's Brazil
26  Singapore October 20, 1979 Liat Towers, Orchard Road 125 (source: Dec. 2012) First outlet in Southeast Asia. See McDonald's Singapore
27  Spain March 10, 1981 Gran Vía, Madrid 496[19][20] (source: January 2016) First outlet in the Iberian Peninsula, see McDonald's Spain
28  Denmark April 15, 1981 Vesterbrogade 2D, Copenhagen 89 (source: Dec. 2012) See McDonald's Denmark
29  Philippines September 27, 1981 Morayta, Sampaloc, Manila 500+ (source: 2016) See McDonald's Philippines
30  Malaysia April 29, 1982 Jalan Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur[21] 314 (source: June 2013) First outlet in a Muslim-majority country. See McDonald's Malaysia
31  Norway November 18, 1983 Nedre Slottsgate, Oslo 74 (source: Dec. 2012) see McDonald's Norway
32  Republic of China January 28, 1984 Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC 413 (source: 2015)
  • Left in 1992 during investigations of restaurant bombings in Taiwan, but returned that same year after investigations concluded.

See McDonald's Taiwan

33  Andorra June 29, 1984 Andorra la Vella 5 (source: 2016)[22]
34  Finland December 14, 1984 Tampere 83 (source: Dec. 2012) see McDonald's Finland
35  Thailand February 23, 1985 Bangkok 227 (source: 2016) see McDonald's Thailand
36  Aruba April 4, 1985 Oranjestad 4 (source: 2016) See McDonald's Aruba and Curaçao
37  Luxembourg July 17, 1985 Luxembourg City 9 (source: 2013) see McDonald's Luxembourg
38  Venezuela August 31, 1985 Caracas 140 (source: 2013 website) see McDonald's Venezuela
39  Italy October 15, 1985 Piazza Walter, Bolzano 530+ (source: February. 2016) website see McDonald's Italy
40  Mexico October 29, 1985 Mexico City 402 (source: Dec. 2012) see McDonald's Mexico
41  Cuba April 24, 1986 Guantanamo Bay 1 (source: Dec. 2012) Guantanamo Bay - Open only to base personnel.
42  Turkey October 24, 1986 Istanbul 260 (source: June 2016)[23] see McDonald's Turkey. First outlet in the Greater Middle East.
43  Argentina November 24, 1986 Belgrano, Buenos Aires 209 (source: Dec. 2012) see McDonald's Argentina.
44  Macau
 Macau, China
 April 11, 1987 Rua do Campo, Cathedral Parish, Macau Peninsula 27 (source: Dec. 2012) Then Portuguese territory; McDonald's would only open a restaurant in Portugal itself 4 years later. see List of restaurants.
45  Yugoslavia

 Serbia

 March 24, 1988 Slavija Square, Belgrade 26 (source: October 2016)[24] First outlet in a communist country and first outlet in the Balkans. See McDonald's Serbia
46  South Korea March 29, 1988 Gangnam District, Seoul 415 (source: January 2016) See McDonald's South Korea
47  Hungarian People's Republic
 Hungary		 April 13, 1988 Budapest[25] 100 (source: May 2014)[26] Second communist country, first Warsaw Pact member, thus first outlet behind the Iron Curtain. See McDonald's Hungary
48  Soviet Union
 Russian SFSR
 Russia		 January 31, 1990 Pushkin Square, Moscow 553 (source: May 2016)[27] See McDonald's Russia
49  People's Republic of China October 8, 1990 Shenzhen 2,200+
  • (source: May 2014)[28]
 See McDonald's China.
50  Chile November 19, 1990 Santiago de Chile 77 (source: Dec. 2012) See McDonald's Chile
51  Indonesia February 23, 1991 Sarinah, Jakarta 160 (source: 2014) See McDonald's Indonesia
52  Portugal May 23, 1991 CascaiShopping, Cascais 151 (source: Sep. 2015) See McDonald's Portugal
53  Greece November 12, 1991 Athens Syntagma Sq. 23 (source: August 2015) See McDonald's Greece
54  Uruguay November 18, 1991 Montevideo 21 (source: 2014) See McDonald's Uruguay
55  Martinique December 16, 1991 Fort-de-France 9 (source: 2016) See McDonald's French Antilles
56 Czechoslovakia
 Czech Republic		 March 20, 1992 Vodičkova street, Prague 94 (source: Feb. 2015 ) See McDonald's Czech Republic
57  Guadeloupe April 8, 1992 8 (source: 2016) See McDonald's French Antilles
58  Poland June 18, 1992 Marszałkowska Street, Warsaw 370 (source: July 2016) See McDonald's Poland
59  Monaco November 20, 1992 Monte Carlo 4
60  Brunei December 12, 1992 Bandar Seri Begawan 2 (source: 2004)
61  Morocco December 18, 1992 Casablanca 37 (source: January 2016[29]) First outlet in Africa - McDonald's is now present in all continents except Antarctica. See McDonald's Morocco
62  Northern Marianas March 18, 1993 Saipan 2 (source:August 2011) First outlet opened on the island of Saipan - Along with the a second outlet in 1997
63  Israel October 14, 1993 Ayalon Mall, Ramat Gan 185 (source: 2016) First outlet in the Middle East. See McDonald's Israel
64  Slovenia December 2, 1993 In Čopova Street, Ljubljana 18 (source: 2016) See McDonald's Slovenia
65  Saudi Arabia December 8, 1993 Riyadh 224 (source: 2016) See McDonald's Saudi Arabia McDonald's Saudi Arabia
66  Kuwait June 15, 1994 75 (source: 2016) See McDonald's Kuwait
67  New Caledonia July 26, 1994 Nouméa 2 (source: 2012)
68  Oman July 30, 1994 15 (source: 2014) See McDonald's Oman
69  Egypt October 20, 1994 Cairo 74 (source: 2012) See McDonald's Egypt
70  Bulgaria December 10, 1994 Plovdiv 42 (source: 2011) See
71  Bahrain December 15, 1994 Muharraq City 17 (source: 2016) See McDonald's Bahrain
72  Latvia December 15, 1994 Riga 12 (source: June 2012)[30] First outlet in the Baltics.
73  United Arab Emirates December 21, 1994 Abu Dhabi 114 (source: 2016) See McDonald's UAE
74  Estonia April 29, 1995 Tallinn 10 (source: June 2015)[31] See See McDonald's Estonia
75  Romania June 16, 1995 Bucharest 68 (source: 2010) See McDonald's Romania
76  Malta July 7, 1995 Valletta 9 (source: McDonald's 2016, 9 in Malta, 1 in Gozo) See McDonald's Malta
77  Colombia July 14, 1995 Centro Andino, Bogota 81 (source: July 2013) See McDonald's Colombia
78  Slovakia October 14, 1995 Banská Bystrica 30 (source: 2015) See McDonald's Slovakia
79  South Africa November 11, 1995 225 (source: 2016) See McDonald's South Africa
80  Qatar December 13, 1995 25 (source: 2016) See McDonald's Qatar
81  Honduras December 14, 1995 Tegucigalpa 8
82  Sint Maarten December 15, 1995 Philipsburg 3 (source: December 2013)
83  Croatia February 2, 1996 Zagreb 27 (source: 2016)[32] See McDonald's Croatia
84  Samoa March 2, 1996 Apia 1
85  Fiji Islands May 1, 1996 Suva 3 (source: 2001) As of April 2012, Fiji is the only country in the world to still use the 2003 "i'm lovin' it" packaging, even though the other countries are using the 2008 packaging for meals and items.
86  Liechtenstein May 3, 1996 Vaduz 3 (source: 2014)
87  Lithuania May 31, 1996 Vilnius 11 (source: 2015)[33] See McDonald's Lithuania
88  Cyprus June 12, 1997 Larnaca 18 (source: 2016) See McDonald's Cyprus
89  India October 13, 1996[34] Delhi 250+ (source: 2013)[35] First outlet in South Asia. See McDonald's India
90  Peru October 18, 1996 Lima 40 (source: 2014) See McDonald's Peru
91  Jordan November 7, 1996 Amman 28 (source: 2016)
92  Paraguay November 21, 1996 Asuncion 11 (source: 2011)
93  Dominican Republic November 30, 1996 Santo Domingo 31 Country with the second most locations of McDonald's in the Caribbean, after Puerto Rico
94  French Polynesia December 10, 1996 Tahiti 6
95  Belarus December 10, 1996 Minsk 8 (source: November 2014)
  • First McDonald's in the non-Baltic former Soviet republic
  • The company claimed this as McDonald's "100th country" although this calculation included many non-sovereign territories even though McDonald's shut down in Iceland in 2009 it is the 99th country as of November 1, 2009.See McDonald's Belarus.
96  Ukraine May 24, 1997 Kiev 78 (source: September 2015) All three restaurants in the peninsula of Crimea were closed in 2014. See McDonald's Ukraine
97  Jersey August 1, 1997 Saint Helier 1
98  Ecuador October 9, 1997 6 de Diciembre Avenue, Quito 27 (source: 2014)
99  Reunion December 14, 1997 Saint-Denis
100  Isle of Man December 15, 1997 Douglas 1
101  Suriname December 18, 1997 Paramaribo 2 (source: 2010)
102  Moldova April 30, 1998 Chisinau 6 (source: June 2014)
103  Nicaragua July 11, 1998 Managua 6 (source: June 2010) McDonald's outlets ceased operation during the Nicaraguan civil war and re-established a presence in 1998 after an absence of two decades.
104  Lebanon September 18, 1998 Beirut 33 (source: 2013)
105  Pakistan September 19, 1998[36] Karachi 40 (source: 2014) McDonald's Pakistan
106  Sri Lanka October 16, 1998 Colombo 7 March 4, 2013 see McDonald's Sri Lanka
107  Georgia February 5, 1999 Rustaveli Avenue, Tbilisi 9 (source: 2015) First outlet in the Caucasus. See McDonald's Georgia
108  San Marino July 6, 1999 Borgo Maggiore 1 (source: 2010)
109  Gibraltar August 13, 1999 1
110  Azerbaijan November 6, 1999 Fountains Square, Baku 12 (source: 2016)[37]
111  French Guiana February 22, 2000 Cayenne 2 (source: 2016) See McDonald's French Antilles
112  American Samoa September 29, 2000 2 (source: 2008)
113  Mauritius July 4, 2001 Port Louis 3
114  Mayotte May 1, 2003 Mamoudzou
115  Iraq August 10, 2006 Baghdad 1 (source: 2006) One location in Baghdad for the U.S. Army, but there is also a knockoff called MaDonal.
116  Bosnia and Herzegovina July 21, 2011[38] Sarajevo 5 (source: 2012) After some 10 years of trying to enter the Bosnian market with no success, McDonald's opened its first restaurant in BiH on 20 July 2011
117  Trinidad and Tobago August 2011 the Falls at West Mall, Westmoorings 6 Re-opened at The Falls At West Mall in 2011 and has expanded to 5 other locations. McDonald's previously had stores in Trinidad (May 6, 1997 - October 25, 2003) but closed due to low sales.[39]
118  Vietnam February 8, 2014 Ho Chi Minh City 8 (source: February 2016) See McDonald's Vietnam
119  Kazakhstan March 8, 2016 Astana 2 First outlet in Central Asia.
120  Tunisia Opening Soon Tunis Opening Soon
121  Nigeria Opening Soon Lagos Opening Soon
Countries with McDonald's restaurants, showing their first year with its first restaurant

Former locations

One of the three McDonald's restaurants in Iceland before their closing
  1. (November 10, 1985 – March 9, 1995)  Bermuda [40] - Closed due to the passage of a government law that bans franchised restaurants in the country.
  2. (August 25, 1989 – December 13, 1990)  Barbados [41] - Closed due to extremely slow sales.
  3. (October 24, 1997 – November 30, 2002)  Bolivia [42] - Closed due to slow sales and cost.
  4. (Unknown - 1979)  Iran - Closed during the Iranian Revolution and never reopened.
  5. (April 15, 1995 – October 14, 2005)  Jamaica [43] - Closed due to governmental problems and declining sales.
  6. (June 1, 2004 – 2007)  Montenegro - A seasonal McDonald's restaurant was opened in Budva, but it was closed due to the lack of location.
  7. (September 3, 1993 – October 31, 2009)  Iceland [44] - Closed down by Icelandic affiliate citing prohibitive costs of importing foreign food products as required by McDonald's and the collapse of the Icelandic krona. Its three former outlets were re-branded as its own chain of Metro restaurants, which offer similar service and menus with domestically produced ingredients.
  8. (September 6, 1997 – May 15, 2013)  Macedonia - Closed due to dispute in contract and contractual obligations with the franchise owner Sveto Janevski.

Expansions by region

Continent/Alliance Location City Date Year
North America/NATO  United States San Bernardino May 15 1940
Caribbean/Hispanidad/Latin America  Puerto Rico San Juan November 10 1967
Central America  Costa Rica San José December 28 1970
Oceania  Australia Sydney May 30 1971
Asia  Japan Tokyo July 20 1971
Europe  Netherlands Zaandam August 21 1971
Non-Aligned Movement  Panama Panama City September 1 1971
Scandinavia  Sweden Stockholm October 27 1973
British Isles  United Kingdom London November 13 1974
Greater China  Hong Kong
 Hong Kong 		Causeway Bay January 8 1975
South America/Lusosphere  Brazil Rio de Janeiro February 13 1979
Southeast Asia  Singapore Orchard Road October 20 1979
Iberian Peninsula  Spain Madrid March 10 1981
Muslim World  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur April 29 1982
Eastern Europe/Balkans/Slavic world  Serbia Belgrade March 24 1988
Warsaw Pact  Hungary Budapest April 23 1988
Soviet Union  Russia Moscow January 30 1990
Africa/Arab world  Morocco Casablanca December 18 1992
Middle East  Israel Ramat Gan October 14 1993
Baltic States  Latvia Riga December 15 1994
Indian Subcontinent  India Delhi October 13 1996
Commonwealth of Independent States  Belarus Minsk December 20 1996
Caucasus  Georgia Tbilisi February 5 1999
Central Asia  Kazakhstan Astana March 8 2016

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-mcdonalds-chicago-headquarters-0614-biz-20160609-story.html
  2. ↑ http://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0000063908/93779707-7640-474f-9b3a-92e717cbbfcd.pdf
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "United States Securities and Exchange Commission : Form 10-K : McDonald's Corporation" (PDF). Aboutmcdonalds.com. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  4. ↑ 2007 R&I Top 400 Chain Restaurants, retrieved August 18, 2008
  5. ↑ McDonald's :: About Us :: FAQ, retrieved August 18, 2008
  6. 1 2 "A VERY Big Mac! World's biggest McDonald's with 1,500 seats to be built for games". Daily Mail. April 22, 2012.
  7. ↑ http://www.mirror.co.uk/money/city-news/biggest-mcdonalds-in-the-world-will-be-open-for-six-940006
  8. ↑ Tepper, Rachel (April 30, 2012). "PHOTOS: World's Largest McDonald's Coming To London Olympics". Huffington Post.
  9. ↑ Addley, Esther (July 28, 2012). "Olympic Games 2012 olympics olys,McDonald's (business),Sport,Food and drink industry (Business sector),Business,Fast food (life and style),Food and drink (Life and style),Life and style". The Guardian. London.
  10. ↑ Eccles, Louise (June 25, 2012). "McDonald's, supersized: First pictures inside the world's biggest fast food restaurant. . . yards from Olympic stadium". Daily Mail. London.
  11. 1 2 http://uk.askmen.com/top_10/travel/top-10-mcdonalds.html
  12. ↑ "Store Finder - McDonald's Australia". Retrieved 2011-09-06.
  13. ↑ Matsuda, Kiyotaka; Yui, Monami (8 January 2015). "McDonald's Japan Reports More Past Incidents of Objects in Food". Bloomberg News.
  14. ↑ http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/andrewgilligan/100016765/a-historic-anniversary-35-years-since-the-opening-of-britains-first-mcdonalds/
  15. ↑ McDonald's Official website Hong Kong - About McDonald's
  16. ↑ "Organisation- Mcdonald's New Zealand". Retrieved 2011-09-06.
  17. ↑ "McDonald's New Zealand founder dies". National Business Review. 2010-05-26. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
  18. ↑ Hepozden, Rosemary (2011). O'Flaherty, Brian, ed. Golden Arches under Southern Skies: Celebrating 35 years of McDonald's in New Zealand. in co-op with McDonald's Restaurants (NZ) Ltd. Auckland: Renaissance Publishing. pp. 112–5. ISBN 978-0-9864521-1-6.
  19. ↑ "Tu Restaurante | McDonald's España". McDonald's España. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
  20. ↑ http://www.theolivepress.es/spain-news/2016/01/31/mcdonalds-reports-mega-sales-with-40-of-spains-fast-food-market/
  21. ↑ 500 McDonald’s outlets by 2020
  22. ↑ McDonald's
  23. ↑ McDonald's Official website Turkey - About McDonald's
  24. ↑ 26st McDonald’s in Serbia opens in Shoppi Retail Park Borca
  25. ↑ http://www.mcdonalds.hu/Company/History.aspx
  26. ↑ Gyorben nyilik a McDonald’s 100. magyar etterme (100th McDonald’s in Hungary opens in Gyor) Kisalfold.hu
  27. ↑ http://mcdonalds.ru/restaurant/search
  28. ↑ http://www.chinaretailnews.com/2014/04/21/7055-fast-growth-equals-more-fast-food-for-mcdonalds-in-china/
  29. ↑ http://www.mcdonalds.ma/map#
  30. ↑ "Restorani Latvija". mcdonalds.lv. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
  31. ↑ "Ettevõte arvudes". mcdonalds.ee (in Estonian). 10 May 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  32. ↑ "Sisak dobiva prvi McDonald's" (in Croatian). Retrieved 2 June 2011.
  33. ↑ Lapinytė, Jurgita (February 13, 2015). "Vilniuje netrukus bus atidarytas dar vienas "McDonald's" restoranas". 15 min. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  34. ↑ McDonald's Official website India - About McDonald's
  35. ↑ "How Big Mac plans to change Indian food habits". business.rediff.com. Retrieved 27 Oct 2010.
  36. ↑ McDonald's Pakistan official website
  37. ↑ McDonald's in Azerbaijan
  38. ↑ "Komsic and Moon opened McDonald's" (in English(translated)). Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  39. ↑
  40. ↑
  41. ↑
  42. ↑
  43. ↑
  44. ↑

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 12/1/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.