Caroline M. Nichols Churchill

Churchill circa 1909

Caroline Nichols Churchill (1833–1926) was an American feminist.[1]

Biography

Caroline Nichols Churchill was born in Pickering, Ontario, Canada on December 23, 1833 to American parents.[2][3] She emigrated to the United States to live with her grandmother in 1846. But only stayed less than a year. It was not until she married her first husband that she remained in the United States.[4] She taught in Minnesota in 1857.[3] Her husband died in 1862, leaving her with a small child to tend to while ill. She moved to California after she contracted tuberculosis.[4] She campaigned against misogynistic state laws there.[4] It was upon her travels to California that she began travel writing. Eventually publishing two books and selling them to earn money. One of her stop was in Denver where she founf the atmosphere delightful for her lungs and decided to stay.

In 1879, she founded the first feminist newspaper in Denver called the Colorado Antelope, lately known as the Queen Bee when she changed it three years after publication began.[2][5][6][7] She supported women's suffrage and temperance, and opposed Catholicism.[1] and supported equal rights for all American born citizens. She later moved in with her sister in Colorado Springs until her death in 1926. Until her death she continued to sell her newspaper and in 1906 wrote her last book which was a memoir.[3] (See Tuberculosis treatment in Colorado Springs).

Bibliography

References

  1. 1 2 Colorado Women's Hall of Fame Archived July 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  2. 1 2 Women of the West Museum Archived January 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  3. 1 2 3 Gayle Corbett Shirley, More than Petticoats: Remarkable Colorado Women, TwoDot, 2002, pp. 72-73
  4. 1 2 3 Siera Nevada Virtual Museum
  5. ↑ Sarah Palin, America by Heart, New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2010, p.146
  6. ↑ Susan Armitage, Elizabeth Jameson, The Women's West, University of Oklahoma Press, 1987, p. 268
  7. ↑ Jan Whitt, Women in American Journalism: A New History, University of Illinois Press, 2008, p. 109

Further reading

Beenton, Beverly (1986). Women Vote in the West: the Woman Suffrage Movement, 1869-1896. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. pp. 104–116. ISBN 0-8240-8251-6. 

Bennion, Sherilyn Cox (1990). Equal to the Occasion : Women Editors of the Nineteenth-Century West. Reno: University of Nevada Press. pp. 84–106. ISBN 0-87417-163-6. 

Grimshaw, Patricia; Ellinghaus, Katherine (December 2001). "'A Higher Step for the Race': Caroline Nichols Churchill, The "Queen Bee" and Women's suffrage in Colorado, 1879-1893". Australasian Journal of American Studies. 20 (2): 29–46. 

Marilley, Suzanne M. (1996). Woman Suffrage and the Origins of Liberal Feminism in the United States, 1820 - 1920. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 124–159. ISBN 0-674-95465-3. 

Thompson, Jennifer A. (1999). "From Travel Writer to Newspaper Editor: Caroline Churchill and the Development of Political Ideology within the Public Sphere". Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies. 20 (3): 42–63. 

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