Timeline of Glasgow history
This article is intended to show a timeline of the history of Glasgow, Scotland, up to the present day.
500–1099
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- 543: The 12th century Bishop Jocelyn will later claim Glasgow's monastic church was founded by Saint Kentigern, also known as Saint Mungo, in this year; he also claimed that Kentigern found at Glasgow a cemetery which Saint Ninian had hallowed[1]
- 560: Jocelyn claims Mungo/Kentigern made his first bishop in this year
1100–1199
- 1114: Glasgow is a farming village, with a monastic church and water mill; the reach of Glasgow's bishops extends to Cumbria; the church is elevated to temporary cathedral status by young David of Strathclyde, later David I
- 1123: A cathedral is built over Saint Kentigern's grave, near the site of a Celtic monastery
- 1134: The churches of Saint John and the Holy Sepulchre are in the city; the church of Saint James is dedicated
- 1136: The cathedral is consecrated in the presence of David I
- c1150: The Glasgow Fair is an eight-day event
- 1153: The sacking of Glasgow, and devastation of its surrounding countryside, by Somerled, Lord of Argyll.
- c1174/c1178: William the Lion makes Glasgow an episcopal burgh of barony, and grants Bishop Jocelyn a charter
- 1179?-1199?: Bishop gives abbot and convent of Melrose a plot of land in Glasgow
1200–1299
- 1220s: Early trades in the town include fishermen, millers, bakers, cobblers, painters, and blacksmiths; wooden merchant's houses replace peasant huts
- 1233: Cathedral still under reconstruction
- 1240: Diocesan authorities deeply in debt to bankers from Florence; church over Saint Kentigern's grave being added
- 1246: Dominican order (Blackfriars) building their own church.
- 1258: Work on Kentigern's church complete
- 1274: Diocese includes Teviotdale in Dumfries
- 1286: Glasgow Bridge, made of timber, spans the River Clyde
- 1293: Saint Mary's church is in the town
- 1295: Saint Enoch's church is also in the town, and there is a second water mill beside the Gallowgate
1300–1399
- 1301: Edward I of England visits Saint Kentigern's tomb in the town. Edward forces the townspeople to make a giant wooden siege tower and supply 30 wagons to transport it to Bothwell Castle to besiege it, along with tools, iron and coal; the town has trade in salmon and herring
- 1320: There is a St Thomas's Church in the town, with a Florentine Dean
- c1330-1350: The west end of the cathedral is completed
- 1350: The Black Death hits the town
1400–1499
- c1400: Population estimate: 1,500-2,000
- 1410: The wooden bridge across the River Clyde is replaced by an arched stone bridge.
- 1431: William Elphinstone is born. He later obtained a papal bull for the University of Aberdeen in 1494, and introduced printing to Scotland in 1507
- 1438: Bishop's Palace is built
- 1450: Glasgow is a "burgh of regality"
- 1451: the University of Glasgow is established by bull of Pope Nicholas V, and founded by Bishop Turnbull, beside Blackfriars monastery
- 1453: John Stewart, Glasgow's first Provost, gives a grant of privileges to the university
- 1460: There is a grammar school in the city; "fulling" is carried on; an extension to the college is begun (finished 1660)
- 1464: St Nicholas Hospital is in the city
- 1471: Provands Lordship, Glasgow's oldest dwelling-house, is built
- 1475: The Greyfriars (Franciscans) are granted a tenement and lands on the High Street; St Ninian's Hospital is established
- 1478: Other stone houses are built in Glasgow
- 1492: Pope Innocent VIII makes the See of Glasgow an Archbishopric – Robert Blackadder is the city's first archbishop
1500–1599
- c1500: Population estimate is 2,500 – 3,000
- 1504: Plague hits Glasgow; the city is eleventh among Scottish burghs for taxation revenue
- c1510: The Bishop's Palace is extended
- 1516-1559: The city's craft guilds are incorporated
- 1518: The university becomes more active
- 1520: The archdiocese now includes the former diocese of Argyll
- 1525: James Houston founds the Tron Church
- 1535-1556: Glasgow pays 1.5% – 3% of total Scottish burgh taxes
- 1544: Siege of castle; estimated population is 3,000
- 1556: Estimated population c4,500. Brewing recorded at site that will later become Wellpark Brewery
- 1560: The burgh of Glasgow is now represented in the Parliament of Scotland
- 1570: Andrew Melville rejuvenates the university
- 1574: Plague hits the city again
- c1576: The council mill is rebuilt
- 1579: The city's cathedral is saved from demolition by craftsmen threatening to riot
- 1581: Glasgow pays 66% of upper Clyde customs tax
- 1584: Plague
- 1589: Golf is played on Glasgow Green
- 1593: Emergence of the Presbytery of Glasgow in the new self-governing church
- 1594: Glasgow is now fifth in ranking of Scottish burghs, paying 4.5% of export customs
1600–1699
- 1600: Population estimates for the city vary between 5000 and 7500
- 1604: 361 craftsmen work in fourteen trades, including two surgeons and 213 merchants
- 1605: The Trades House and Merchants House combine to form the first town council
- 1610: The General Assembly approves the restoration of diocesan episcopacy in Scotland
- 1611: Glasgow becomes a royal burgh, with a population of about 7600
- 1615: The Jesuit John Ogilvy is hanged for saying Mass
- 1621: Glasgow pays 3%-10% of Scottish customs duties
- 1625: The first quay is built at Broomielaw
- 1626: The Tolbooth is constructed
- 1636: There are 120 students at the university
- 1638: Covenanters at the General Assembly plan to abolish bishops
- 1639: Glasgow the 3rd richest burgh in Scotland, one-fifth as rich as Edinburgh; Hutcheson's Hospital is founded
- 1641: Hutchesons' Grammar School is founded for orphan boys; 50 buildings erected in Trongate
- 1645: Montrose enters city, celebrates victories
- 1645-1646: Plague hits city
- 1649: Glasgow displaces Perth as Scotland's 4th trading centre; pays 6.5% of customs duties
- 1652: Major fire makes about a thousand families homeless; an early fire engine from Edinburgh helps put out the blaze
- 1655: Glasgow trades in coal, hoops, meal, oats, butter, herring, salt, paper, prunes, timber, and hides: goat, kid, and deerskins
- 1656: Glasgow is described as a "flourishing city", with "strong stone walls"
- 1659-1665: Bridgegate merchants' house is rebuilt
- 1660: A coal pit is reported in the Gorbals
- 1661: Several pits reported
- 1662: A post office opens
- 1663: Alexander Burnet is appointed archbishop
- 1668: Land is purchased for a new harbour – later Port Glasgow
- 1669: Burnet resigns the archbishopric, objects to Act of Supremacy
- 1670: Glasgow displaces Aberdeen and Dundee to become Scotland's second trade city
- 1673: Colonel Walter Whiteford opens city's first coffee house
- 1675: Magistrates take action against unauthorised prayer meetings
- 1677: Another major fire hits the city
- 1678: First stagecoaches run to Edinburgh
- 1680: The city's population is perhaps around 12,000, with 450 traders, 100 trading overseas
- 1688: Broomielaw Quay is reconstructed following dredging of the River Clyde
- 1690 Glasgow is re-chartered as a royal burgh; the city has an early Bank of Scotland branch
1700–1799
- 1702: the University of Glasgow has around 400 students
- 1706: Anti-unionists riot; Glasgow is a major smuggling port
- 1707: Act of Union
- 1710: The city's population is estimated to be 13,000; over 200 shops are open; much of the city is liable to flooding
- 1712: Glasgow owners own 4% of Scottish fleet, 46 vessels
- 1715: Glasgow Courant newspaper appears
- 1718: Possible date for first Glasgow vessel to sail to America
- 1719: Cotton printing has begun
- 1720: Glasgow's estimated population is 15,000
- 1721-1735: James Anderson builds "Andersontown" (modern-day Anderston) village
- 1725: Glasgow occupied by General Wade's army; protests and street violence against liquor tax
- 1726: Daniel Defoe describes Glasgow as "The cleanest and best-built city in Britain"; 50 ships a year sail to America
- 1729: The Glasgow Journal newspaper is published
- 1730: The Glasgow Linen Society is formed
- 1735: The city's ship-owners own 67 ships
- 1736: The first history of Glasgow is published by John McUre
- 1737-1760: A new Town Hall is built west of the Tolbooth
- 1738: The Anderston Weavers' Society is formed
- 1740: Approximately 685,000 m of linen is made in Glasgow, some of which is sent to London. Hugh and Robert Tennent take over the Drygate Brewery
- 1740-1741: The Foulis brothers begin printing
- 1742: Delft pottery is manufactured in the city
- 1743: The Foulis brothers become printers to the university
- 1745: Tennents open a new brewery in Glasgow
- 1749: A stage coach service opens between Edinburgh and Glasgow
- 1750: There are five sugar refineries in the city
- 1751: The John Smith bookshop is established
- 1753: Foulis Academy is established at the university to promote art and design; turnpiking of main roads from Glasgow; the city's involvement in the tobacco trade is reflected in the naming of Virginia Street
- 1755: The estimated population of Glasgow is 23,500
- 1757: 2.2 million metres of linen are produced in the city
- 1760: Glasgow enjoys a wave of prosperity; there are 13 professors at Glasgow University
- 1762: Joseph Black discovers latent heat
- 1763: David Dale opens a draper's shop in the city; regular coaches run from Glasgow to Greenock
- 1769: Tennents brewers is now a large industry; James Watt patents his steam engine condenser
- 1771: The Scottish economy is boosted by trade through Glasgow
- 1775: Trade with America in tobacco, sugar, and cotton – the city's prosperity is at its height
- 1776: Adam Smith, a professor at Glasgow University, publishes Wealth of Nations
- 1779: Mobs protest against the Catholic Relief Act
- 1780: The construction of the Forth and Clyde Canal is completed
- 1781: Vessels of over 30 tons can now reach Broomielaw Quay
- 1782-1783: The Forth and Clyde Canal enables grain from London to ease famine in Glasgow
- 1783: Glasgow Chamber of Commerce is founded by Patrick Colquhoun – the first in Britain
- 1785: A hot air balloonist flies from Glasgow to Hawick in the Borders; the firm of Thomsons is formed as bankers
- 1796: The Royal Technical College (which will later become The University of Strathclyde) is founded
- 1798: The Merchant Banking Company of Glasgow fails
- 1799: Demonstrations over bread prices; trade in tobacco and rum declines
1800–1899
- 1800: The River Clyde is 14 ft (3.1m) deep, and supports 200 wharves and jetties; there is a large Gaelic community in the city
- 1800: The Glasgow Police Act is passed by Parliament allowing the creation of the first modern preventative police force
- 1803: Dorothy Wordsworth visits Glasgow
- 1807: Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery opens off the high street, adjacent to the then campus of Glasgow University
- 1809: General Association of Operative Weavers is formed
- 1810-1814: Glasgow Asylum for Lunatics is built in Dobbies Loan
- 1813: Weavers fail in bid for fair wages
- 1814: Glasgow Green is Europe's first public park
- 1815: The Glasgow Herald is published twice-weekly
- 1818: Public supply of gas begins in the city
- 1820: "Radical War"
- 1825: the University of Glasgow, still located in the High Street, has over 1200 students and about 30 professors; 10 coaches run to Edinburgh daily
- 1827: The Argyll Arcade opens
- 1828: James Beaumont Neilson makes breakthrough in iron-smelting technology; a total abstinence society is formed
- 1832: The city benefits from increased representation under the Great Reform Bill
- 1835–1874: The Liberals represents Glasgow in Parliament
- 1836: The Forth and Clyde Canal has increased traffic in goods and passengers
- 1837: Violent cotton-spinners strike; the leaders are sentenced to transportation
- 1841: Chartist demonstration is addressed by Fergus O'Connor
- 1842: Glasgow slums "the filthiest in Britain"; opening of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway and Glasgow Queen Street railway station
- 1843: Disruption of the Church of Scotland
- 1844: Glasgow Stock Exchange opens
- 1846: Burgh boundaries are more than doubled to 5,063 acres (20.49 km2)
- 1848: 100,000 people gather on Glasgow Green to support Chartists
- 1851: Glasgow is Scotland's largest city, with a population of 329,096; over 18% are Irish-born; Portland St suspension footbridge is built
- 1851–1854: Victoria Bridge is built at Stockwell Street
- 1858–1859: St Vincent Street Church is built by Alexander "Greek" Thomson
- 1859: Loch Katrine water supply is opened by Queen Victoria
- 1863: Dr Henry Littlejohn becomes the city's first medical officer
- 1865: Dr Edward William Pritchard is the last person to be publicly hanged in the city, for poisoning his wife and mother-in-law
- 1866: The City Improvement Trust clears slums and constructs new roads and buildings
- 1867: Queen's Park F.C. is founded
- 1868-1870: The University of Glasgow buildings at Gilmorehill are built to designs by George Gilbert Scott
- 1872: Rangers F.C. is founded
- 1876: Partick Thistle F.C. is founded
- 1883: The Boys' Brigade is founded
- 1887: Celtic F.C. is founded
- 1888: International Exhibition (1888)
- 1895: First cremation in Scotland's first crematorium, at the Western Necropolis
- 1896: Opening of the Glasgow Subway
1900–1999
- 1901: Glasgow International Exhibition (1901)
- 1902: 20 football fans die in the first Ibrox disaster; magistrates ban barmaids
- 1903: Charles Rennie Mackintosh builds Miss Cranston's Tearooms
- 1904: The Kings' and Pavilion Theatres open
- 1905: Theatre Royal opens
- 1905–1907: The Caledonian Railway extends the Central Hotel
- 1907–1911: New buildings for the Mitchell Library are constructed
- 1909: Charles Rennie Mackintosh's Glasgow School of Art opens
- 1910: Emigration leads to 20,000 housing vacancies in Glasgow
- 1911: International Exposition (Scottish Exhibition of National History, Art and Industry) at Kelvingrove; Glasgow's population is 785,000
- 1914: Tramcars cover wide routes around Glasgow
- 1919: Large strike for a 40-hour week. Home Secretary Winston Churchill orders the army with tanks into Glasgow's George Sq whilst Glasgow soldiers are confined to barracks.
- 1921: Sinn Féiners murder policeman
- 1923: Glasgow railways are grouped as part of the new London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS)
- 1925: There are approximately 200 miles (320 km) of tramlines and 1100 trams in and around the city
- 1926: Violence during General Strike
- 1929: Hogmanay cinema fire causes stampede which kills 69 children in Glen Cinema; Glasgow has nearly 100 cinemas
- 1931: The Glasgow population peaks at 1,088,000 thus becoming Britain's 2nd biggest city.
- 1932: The Dental Hospital in Sauchiehall Street is built
- 1934: Unemployed "Hunger marchers" shunned by Ramsay MacDonald; RMS Queen Mary launched
- 1935: Glasgow's subway becomes electric
- 1936: Overcrowding exists in 29% of Glasgow's houses
- 1937: Citywide automatic telephone dialling becomes available
- 1938: Glasgow hosts Empire Exhibition, Scotland 1938 at Bellahouston Park
- 1939: World War II: Glasgow naval base HMS Spartiate opens
- 1940: Bomb hits Merkland Street subway station, closes underground for four months
- 1941: Bombing raids on Clydebank, 500 killed
- 1944: Glasgow trams carry about 14 million passengers
- 1946: Glasgow naval base HMS Spartiate closes
- 1949: Trolley buses introduced, condemned by pedestrians as the "whispering death"
- 1950: Eye infirmary demolished
- 1951: Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama (RSAMD) is formed by merger
- 1952-1955: Union Bank of Scotland absorbed by Bank of Scotland
- 1958: William Burrell dies, bequeaths Burrell Collection; Lanarkshire County Council moves its headquarters from Ingram Street to Hamilton
- 1960: Duke Street prison closed; Glasgow electric Blue Train system starts
- 1962: Last route of the Glasgow Corporation Tramways closes
- 1964: University of Strathclyde established; Beeching closes low-level (Argyle) line
- 1966: Buchanan Street and St Enoch railway stations close
- 1967: Celtic F.C. first British winners of European Cup; RMS QE2 launched; trolley-buses withdrawn
- 1969: Last daily steamers from Bridge Wharf
- 1970: M8 motorway and Kingston Bridge open
- 1971: 66 football fans die in the second Ibrox disaster; Government refuse to save Upper Clyde Shipbuilders
- 1975: British Army tackle rubbish caused by dustmans strike; Glasgow becomes the home of Strathclyde Region's headquarters; the city sees the start of Britain's first mass-circulation daily newspaper workers' cooperative when the Scottish Daily News opens in Albion Street in May, as well as the country's first newspaper work-in when it folds after six months.
- 1977: Glasgow Subway closes for extensive modernisation (reopening in 1980)
- 1978: The Rev Geoff Shaw, first Convener of Strathclyde Regional Council (and former leader of Glasgow Corporation), dies in office aged 52
- 1979-1980: Low level Argyle Line re-opens
- 1982: Roy Jenkins wins Hillhead by-election for the newly formed Social Democratic Party
- 1983: Burrell Collection opens; launch of the Glasgow's miles better campaign
- 1985: Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre opens; Glasgow population is 734,000
- 1988: The Glasgow Garden Festival hosts this year's National Garden Festival and attracts 4.3 million visitors.
- 1989: High number of poll tax arrears; St Enoch Centre opens
- 1990: Cultural city of Europe; McLellan Galleries re-opens; Glasgow Royal Concert Hall completed; the QE2 returns to the river Clyde to mark the 150th anniversary of the beginning of the Cunard Steam Ship Company; the world's first Robot Olympics takes place in the city.
- 1993: Glasgow Caledonian University established; Opening of the new St Mungo's Museum, the UK's only Museum of Religion, next to the city's 13th century cathedral.
- 1996: Glasgow Festival of Visual Arts; opening of the Gallery of Modern Art in the former Stirling's Library; first Glasgow International Festival of Design
- 1996–1999: Festival of Architecture and Design
- 1997: Opening of new £38 million Clyde Auditorium at the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre.
- 1999: Glasgow is UK City of Architecture and Design; Buchanan Galleries open; millennium celebrations; The Rt Hon Donald Dewar (MP and MSP for Glasgow Anniesland) become the first First Minister of Scotland
2000–2016
- 2002: Final of UEFA Champion's League held at Hampden Park. Real Madrid beat Bayer Leverkusen 2-1.
- 2002: 2002 Glasgow floods: 200 people evacuated from Greenfield and Shettleston, contaminated water supply affects 140,000 residents across the city.
- 2004: Stockline Plastics factory explosion, Nine people dead, 37 injured, 15 seriously.
- 2005: The city launches a bid to host the 2014 Commonwealth Games.
- 2006: Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum reopens after its three-year, £27.9million restoration.
- 2007: Final of UEFA Cup held at Hampden Park on 16 May, Scotland's first terrorist attack after the Lockerbie bombing fails at Glasgow Airport, Glasgow awarded 2014 Commonwealth Games
- 2011: Glasgow Subway modernisation works begin with refurbishment of Hillhead subway station.
- 2012: Glasgow hosts the preliminary football matches of the 2012 Summer Olympics.[2]
- 2013: 2013 Glasgow helicopter crash: A police helicopter crashes into the Clutha Vaults pub in central Glasgow, killing 10 and injuring 32.
- 2014: 2014 Commonwealth Games take place in Glasgow.
- 2014: 2014 Glasgow bin lorry crash: A Glasgow City Council bin lorry collides with pedestrians in Queen Street; 6 people are killed and 10 injured.
See also
References
- The Oxford Companion to Scottish History, ed. Michael Lynch, Oxford University Press, 2001
- The Making of Scotland, Robin Smith, Canongate Books, 2001
- The Hutchinson Encyclopedia, 1997 ed., Helicon Publishing Ltd, 1996
- Chronicle of Britain, Chronicle Communications Ltd, 1992
- Glasgow Guide
Notes
- ↑ Bright, William (1896). The Roman See in the Early Church. London: Longmans, Green, & Co. p. 406 (footnote). Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ↑ "London 2012 Olympic Games to kick off at Hampden Park in Glasgow". Daily Record. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
Further reading
- Published in the 18th century
- John Tait's Directory for the City of Glasgow, Glasgow, 1783. (1871 reprint)
- Jones's Directory; or, Useful Pocket Companion for the year 1787. Glasgow.. (1887 reprint)
- Published in the 19th century
- Glasgow Directory, Glasgow: McFeat & Co., 1806
- "Glasgow Lists, 1817". Edinburgh Almanack. Edinburgh.
- David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Glasgow". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
- "Glasgow", Scottish Tourist and Itinerary, Edinburgh: Stirling, Kenney, 1842
- "Glasgow", Lizars' Scottish Tourist, Edinburgh: W.H. Lizars, 1850
- "Glasgow and its Environs". Oliver and Boyd's Scottish Tourist. Edinburgh. 1860.
- "Glasgow". Cook's Scottish Tourist Practical Directory. Thos. Cook. 1866.
- "Glasgow", Tourists' Handy Guide to Scotland, Edinburgh: W. Paterson, 1872, OCLC 22141784
- Tourist's Guide to Glasgow, London: T. Nelson, 1887
- Published in the 20th century
- Adshead's Handy Guide to Glasgow, Glasgow: N. Adshead, 1902
- "Glasgow", Great Britain (7th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910
- Post Office Glasgow Directory for 1912–1913.
- G. E. Mitton, ed. (1915), Black's Guide to Glasgow and the Clyde, London: A. & C. Black
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