TRG (gene)
T cell receptor gamma locus is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRG gene, also known as TCRG or TRG@.[2][3][4] It contributes the gamma (γ) chain to the larger TCR protein (T-cell receptor).
T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens which have been processed as small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC) (APC). Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one alpha and one beta chain or one delta and one gamma chain. In a single cell, the T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor gamma locus. The gamma locus includes V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments. During T cell development, the gamma chain is synthesized by a recombination event at the DNA level joining a V segment with a J segment; the C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random addition of nucleotides by terminal terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Several V segments of the gamma locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. Somatic rearrangement of the gamma locus has been observed in T cells derived from patients with T cell leukemia and ataxia telangiectasia.[4]
References
- ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
- ↑ Lefranc MP, Chuchana P, Dariavach P, Nguyen C, Huck S, Brockly F, Jordan B, Lefranc G (Aug 1989). "Molecular mapping of the human T cell receptor gamma (TRG) genes and linkage of the variable and constant regions". Eur J Immunol. 19 (6): 989–94. doi:10.1002/eji.1830190606. PMID 2526744.
- ↑ Littman DR, Newton M, Crommie D, Ang SL, Seidman JG, Gettner SN, Weiss A (Apr 1987). "Characterization of an expressed CD3-associated Ti gamma-chain reveals C gamma domain polymorphism". Nature. 326 (6108): 85–8. doi:10.1038/326085a0. PMID 3102973.
- 1 2 "Entrez Gene: TRG@ T cell receptor gamma locus".
Further reading
- Lefranc MP, Rabbitts TH (1991). "Genetic organization of the human T cell receptor gamma locus.". Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 173: 3–9. PMID 1655357.
- Lefranc MP, Rabbitts TH (1989). "The human T-cell receptor gamma (TRG) genes.". Trends Biochem. Sci. 14 (6): 214–8. doi:10.1016/0968-0004(89)90029-7. PMID 2527426.
- Lefranc MP, Forster A, Rabbitts TH (1987). "Genetic polymorphism and exon changes of the constant regions of the human T-cell rearranging gene gamma.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (24): 9596–600. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.24.9596. PMC 387187
. PMID 2879283.
- Yoshikai Y, Toyonaga B, Koga Y, et al. (1987). "Repertoire of the human T cell gamma genes: high frequency of nonfunctional transcripts in thymus and mature T cells.". Eur. J. Immunol. 17 (1): 119–26. doi:10.1002/eji.1830170120. PMID 2949984.
- Tighe L, Forster A, Clark DM, et al. (1988). "Unusual forms of T cell gamma mRNA in a human T cell leukemia cell line: implications for gamma gene expression.". Eur. J. Immunol. 17 (12): 1729–36. doi:10.1002/eji.1830171208. PMID 2961573.
- Huck S, Lefranc MP (1988). "Rearrangements to the JP1, JP and JP2 segments in the human T-cell rearranging gamma gene (TRG gamma) locus.". FEBS Lett. 224 (2): 291–6. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)80472-6. PMID 2961609.
- Huck S, Dariavach P, Lefranc MP (1988). "Variable region genes in the human T-cell rearranging gamma (TRG) locus: V-J junction and homology with the mouse genes.". EMBO J. 7 (3): 719–26. PMC 454380. PMID 2969332.
- Dialynas DP, Murre C, Quertermous T, et al. (1986). "Cloning and sequence analysis of complementary DNA encoding an aberrantly rearranged human T-cell gamma chain.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (8): 2619–23. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.8.2619. PMC 323350. PMID 3458221.
- Essand M, Vasmatzis G, Brinkmann U, et al. (1999). "High expression of a specific T-cell receptor gamma transcript in epithelial cells of the prostate.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (16): 9287–92. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9287. PMC 17772. PMID 10430935.
- Allison TJ, Winter CC, Fournié JJ, et al. (2001). "Structure of a human gammadelta T-cell antigen receptor.". Nature. 411 (6839): 820–4. doi:10.1038/35081115. PMID 11459064.
- Uthoff SM, Hunt LE, Grant BS, et al. (2002). "T-cell receptor gamma: a microsatellite marker for colorectal cancer.". Ann. Surg. Oncol. 9 (1): 88–93. doi:10.1245/aso.2002.9.1.88. PMID 11833498.
- Bartkowiak J, Kulczyck-Wojdala D, Blonski JZ, Robak T (2002). "Molecular diversity of gammadelta T cells in peripheral blood from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.". Neoplasma. 49 (2): 86–90. PMID 12088111.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Oyoshi MK, Nagata H, Kimura N, et al. (2003). "Preferential expansion of Vgamma9-JgammaP/Vdelta2-Jdelta3 gammadelta T cells in nasal T-cell lymphoma and chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection.". Am. J. Pathol. 162 (5): 1629–38. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64297-6. PMC 1851204. PMID 12707047.
- Cheng WS, Giandomenico V, Pastan I, Essand M (2003). "Characterization of the androgen-regulated prostate-specific T cell receptor gamma-chain alternate reading frame protein (TARP) promoter.". Endocrinology. 144 (8): 3433–40. doi:10.1210/en.2003-0121. PMID 12865322.
- van Hagen PM, Hooijkaas H, Vd Beemd MW, et al. (2003). "T-gammadelta receptor restriction in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with Behçet's disease.". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 528: 267–8. doi:10.1007/0-306-48382-3_53. PMID 12918704.