Regent Mill, Failsworth

Regent Mill, Failsworth
Location within Greater Manchester
Cotton
Spinning (ring mill)
Serving canal Rochdale Canal
Owner The Regent Mill Company Limited (RMCL)
Further ownership
Current owners Saltons of Chicago
Coordinates 53°30′31″N 2°09′37″W / 53.5087°N 2.1604°W / 53.5087; -2.1604
Construction
Built 1906
Floor count 4
Floor area 345 feet (105 m)by 130 feet (40 m)
Design team
Architect George Stott
Power
Date 1906
Engine maker Buckley & Taylor
Decommissioned 1957
Engine type inverted marine vertical triple
Valve Gear Corliss
rpm 64
Flywheel diameter 26
Transmission type Rope
No. of ropes 26
Boiler configuration
Boilers Twin Lancashire, coal fired
Equipment
Manufacturer Platts of Oldham

Regent Mill, Failsworth is a cotton spinning mill in Failsworth, Oldham, Greater Manchester. It was built by the Regent Mill Ltd. in 1905, but purchased by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in the 1930s. It was later taken over by the Courtaulds Group. On ceasing textile production it was occupied by Pifco Ltd, and then by Salton Europe Ltd who now occupy this site. It was driven by an 1800 hp twin tandem compound engine by Buckley & Taylor. It became a ring mill with 60,000 spindles in 1915, all provided by Platt Brothers.[1]

Location

Failsworth is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England.[2] It lies on undulating ground,[3] on the course of the Rochdale Canal and north bank of the River Medlock. It is 2.7 miles (4.3 km) west-northwest of Ashton-under-Lyne, 2.9 miles (4.7 km) south-southwest of Oldham and 4.2 miles (6.8 km) to the east-northeast of Manchester city centre. Regent Mill was built alongside the Rochdale Canal on Princess Street, but is now reached from the Oldham Road by way of Fir Street.

History

Historically a part of Lancashire, until the 19th century Failsworth was a small agricultural township linked, ecclesiastically, with the parish of Manchester.[3] Farming was the main industry of this rural area, with locals supplementing their incomes by hand-loom weaving in the domestic system. The introduction of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution facilitated a process of unplanned urbanisation in the area, giving rise to Failsworth as a mill town, marked architecturally by several large redbrick cotton mills.

It was in the second half of the 19th century, that Oldham became the world centre for spinning cotton yarn.[4] This was due in a large part to the formation of limited liability companies known as Oldham Limiteds. In 1851, over 30% of Oldham's population was employed within the textile sector, compared to 5% across Great Britain.[5] At its zenith, it was the most productive cotton spinning mill town in the world,.[6][7] By 1871 Oldham had more spindles than any country in the world except the United States, and in 1909, was spinning more cotton than France and Germany combined.[8]

Regent Mill was built in 1906 by George Stott, during the third wave of the Joint-stock company boom, that was responsible for many companies referred to as Oldham Limiteds. The plans are extant in the Oldham Local Studies Centre.[9]

The industry peaked in 1912 when it produced 8 billion yards of cloth. The great war of 1914–1918 halted the supply of raw cotton, and the British government encouraged its colonies to build mills to spin and weave cotton. The war over, Lancashire never regained its markets. The independent mills were struggling. The Bank of England set up the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in 1929 to attempt to rationalise and save the industry. Regent Mill, Failsworth was one of 104 mills bought by the LCC, and one of the 53 mills that survived through to 1950.[10]

Regent Mill in 1950, showing the now demolished chimney

Post cotton it was occupied by Pifco Ltd,[1] and is now occupied by Salton Europe Ltd.

Architecture

This was designed as a ring mill (thus lower head room was required than in a mule mill) it was 345 feet (105 m)by 130 feet (40 m) It was four storeys high. The cellar contained a warehouse, yarn cellar, waste room, cotton room, and dust room. The first floor was the card room. The second floor was the ring frame room. The third floor was the winding, warping and beaming room. The chimney was 210 feet (64 m), it and the boiler house were demolished in 1964.[9]

Power

It was powered by a marine type vertical triple expansion engines built by Buckley & Taylor of Oldham in 1906 with 1800 installed horsepower. The engine had a 63-inch-diameter (1,600 mm) low-pressure cylinder and was sometimes loaded to 2,000 ihp. It ran until 1958, when it was scrapped. It ran 60,000 spindles. There was a 26 ft flywheel, 26 ropes operated at 64 rpm. [1][11]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Gurr & Hunt 1985, p. 47
  2. ↑ "Greater Manchester Gazetteer", Greater Manchester Gazetteer, Greater Manchester County Record Office, retrieved 9 July 2007
  3. 1 2 Lewis 1848, pp. 206–209.
  4. ↑ . McNeil, R.; Nevell, M. (2000), A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester, Association for Industrial Archaeology, ISBN 0-9528930-3-7
  5. ↑ Foster, John (1974), Class Struggle and the Industrial Revolution - Early industrial capitalism in three English towns, Weidenfield & Nicolson, ISBN 978-0-297-76681-0
  6. ↑ Gurr & Hunt 1985, pp. 1–5.
  7. ↑ NW Cotton Towns Learning Journey, spinningtheweb.org.uk, retrieved 14 September 2007
  8. ↑ Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council (2001), Contaminated Land Strategy 2001 (PDF), oldham.gov.uk, p. 16, retrieved 11 March 2008
  9. 1 2 Dunkerley 2009
  10. ↑ LCC 1951
  11. ↑ Roberts 1921

Bibliography

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