List of North American animals extinct in the Holocene
This is an incomplete list of extinct animals of North America. This list covers only extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geological period that extends from the present day back to about 10,000 radiocarbon years, approximately 11,430 ± 130 calendar years BP (between 9560 and 9300 BC).
Map of North America
Mammals
Prehistoric mammal extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 CE)
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date (BC) | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| American mastodon Mammut americanum |
8500 | USA and Canada |  |
| American mountain deer Odocoileus lucasi |
10000 | USA | -- |
| Aztlanolagus agilis |
10000 | Southeastern Arizona to Central America |  |
| Beautiful armadillo Dasypus bellus |
8000 | USA to South America | -- |
| Bison antiquus | 10000 | USA and Canada |  |
| Bison occidentalis |
5000 | Alaska to Minnesota | -- |
| Camelops Camelops spp. |
8000 | USA and Mexico |  |
| Caribbean ground sloths |
5000 | Caribbean Islands |  |
| Columbian mammoth Mammuthus columbi |
5800 | USA and Mexico |  |
| Dire wolf Canis dirus |
8000 | North America |  |
| Florida spectacled bear Tremarctos floridanus |
8000 | USA | -- |
| Glyptodon |
10000 | Central America | .jpg) |
| Harlan's muskox Bootherium bombifrons |
9000 | North America | _-_Indiana_State_Museum_-_DSC00404.JPG) |
| Holmesina septentrionalis |
8000 | USA |  |
| Jefferson's ground sloth Megalonyx spp. |
11000 | USA and Canada |  |
| Mylohyus M. elmorei, M. floridanus, M. fossilis, M. gidleyi & M. nasutus |
9000 | North America |  |
| Pleistocene North American jaguar Panthera onca augusta |
10000 | Panama to USA |  |
| Pygmy mammoth Mammuthus exilis |
10800-11300 | Channel Islands of California, USA |  |
| Saber-tooth cat Smilodon sp. |
8000 | North America |  |
| Saiga antelope Saiga tatarica |
10000 | North America |  |
| Scimitar cats Homotherium sp. |
10000 | USA, Canada, Mexico |  |
| Short-faced bear Arctodus simus |
8000 | North America |  |
| Shrub-ox Euceratherium collinum |
9500 | North America |  |
| Western horse Equus occidentalis |
10000 | USA |  |
| Woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius |
2000 | Northern USA |  |
Recent mammal extinctions (1500 AD to present)
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antillean giant rice rat Megalomys desmarestii[1] |
1902 |
France (Martinique) |  |
| Anthony's woodrat Neotoma anthonyi[2] |
1926 |
Mexico (only on Isla Todos Santos) | -- |
| Banks Island wolf Canis lupus bernardi |
1920 |
Canada | -- |
| Barbados raccoon Procyon lotor gloveralleni |
1964 |
Barbados | -- |
| Bunker's woodrat Neotoma bunkeri[3] |
1932 |
Mexico (Coronados Islands) | [4] |
| California golden bear Ursus arctos californicus |
1922 |
California |  |
| Caribbean monk seal Monachus tropicalis[5] |
1952 |
Caribbean Sea |  |
| Cascade mountain wolf Canis lupus fuscus |
1940 |
Canada and USA | -- |
| Cuban coney Geocapromys columbianus[6] |
1500s |
Cuba | -- |
| Eastern cougar Puma concolor couguar |
Unknown (declared in 2011) |
Eastern Canada and USA |  |
| Eastern elk Cervus canadensis canadiensis |
1887 |
Eastern Canada and USA |  |
| Goff's pocket gopher Geomys pinetis goffi |
1955 |
Florida | -- |
| Gull Island vole Microtus pennsylvanicus nesophilus |
1897 |
Gull Island, New York | -- |
| Hispaniolan edible rat Heteropsomys insulans [7] |
1500s |
Hispaniola | -- |
| Insular cave rat Heteropsomys insulans[8] |
1600s |
Puerto Rico | -- |
| Imposter hutia Hexolobodon phenax[9] |
1500s |
Hispaniola | -- |
| Jamaican monkey Xenothrix mcgregori[10] |
1500s |
Jamaica | -- |
| Jamaican rice rat Oryzomys antillarum[11] |
1870s |
Jamaica |  |
| Little Swan Island hutia Geocapromys thoracatus[12] |
1955 |
Swan Islands, Honduras | .JPG) |
| Marcano's solenodon Solenodon marcanoi[13] |
1500s |
Hispaniola | -- |
| Merriam's elk Cervus canadensis merriami |
1906 |
Southwestern USA | -- |
| Mexican grizzly bear Ursus arctos nelsoni |
1964 |
Mexico and Southwestern USA |  |
| Montane hutia Isolobodon montanus[14] |
1500s |
Hispaniola | -- |
| Nelson's rice rat Oryzomys nelsoni[15] |
1897 |
María Madre Island, Mexico |  |
| Nevis rice rat Pennatomys nivalis[16] |
1500s |
Netherlands (Sint Eustatius) & Saint Kitts and Nevis | -- |
| Newfoundland wolf Canis lupus beothucu |
1911 |
Newfoundland |  |
| Oriente cave rat Boromys offella[17] |
1500s |
Cuba |  |
| Pallid beach mouse Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus |
1959 |
Florida | -- |
| Puerto Rican hutia Isolobodon portoricensis[18] |
1600s |
Hispaniola and Puerto Rico | -- |
| Puerto Rican long-nosed bat Monophyllus frater |
1600s |
Puerto Rico | -- |
| Santa Lucian giant rice rat Megalomys luciae[19] |
1852 |
St. Lucia |  |
| Saint Vincent pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomys victus[20] |
1898 |
St. Vincent | -- |
| Samana hutia Plagiodontia ipnaeum[21] |
1500sbr | Hispaniola | -- |
| San Martín Island woodrat Neotoma martinensis[22] |
1950 | San Martín Island, Mexico | -- |
| Sea mink Neovison macrodon[23] |
1860 |
Atlantic Canada and New England | -- |
| Smith Island cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus hitchensi |
1987(before) |
Smith Island, Virginia | -- |
| Southern California kit fox Vulpes macrotis macrotis |
1903 |
Southern California, USA | -- |
| Southern Rocky Mountains wolf Canis lupus youngi |
1935 |
Southern Rocky Mountains, USA | -- |
| Steller's sea cow Hydrodamalis gigas[24] |
1768 |
Commander Islands |  |
| Tacoma pocket gopher Thomomys mazama tacomensis |
1970 |
Washington | -- |
| Torre's cave rat Boromys torrei[25] |
1500s |
Cuba |  |
| Tule shrew Sorex ornatus juncensis |
1905 |
Baja California, Mexico | -- |
| West Indies nesophontes Nesophontes sp. Atalaye nesophontes [26] Cuban nesophontes Greater Cuban nesophontes [27] Haitian nesophontes [28] Lesser Cuban nesophontes Puerto Rican nesophontes [29] Saint Michel nesophontes [30] Slender Cuban nesophontes Western Cuban nesophontes [31] |
1500s |
Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands & United Kingdom (Cayman Islands) |
 |
Possibly extinct mammals
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date (AD) | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dwarf hutia Mesocapromys nanus [32] |
1937 |
Cuba | -- |
| Garrido's hutia Mysateles garridoi [33] |
1989 |
Banco de los Jardins y Jardinillos, Cuba | -- |
| Puebla deer mouse Peromyscus mekisturus [34] |
1948 |
Puebla, Mexico | -- |
| San Quintin kangaroo rat Dipodomys gravipes [35] |
1986 |
Baja California, Mexico | -- |
| San Felipe hutia Mesocapromys sanfelipensis[36] |
1978 |
San Felipe, Cuba | -- |
| Sclater's shrew Sorex sclateri[37] |
Unknown |
Chiapas, Mexico | -- |
Birds
Prehistoric bird extinctions (begin Holocene to 1500 AD)
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aiolornis incredibilis |
Late Pleistocene |
North America | -- |
| Antillean cave rail Nesotrochis debooyi |
Late Pleistocene |
Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands |  |
| Californian turkey Meleagris californica |
10,000 BC. |
USA | -- |
| Cathartornis gracilis |
10,000 BC |
USA | -- |
| Chendytes lawi |
1800 BC. |
Western USA Coast |  |
| Cuban condor Gymnogyps varonai |
Early Holocene | Cuba | -- |
| Daggett's eagle Buteogallus daggetti |
13000 BC. |
California and Nuevo León, Mexico | -- |
| La Brea stork Ciconia maltha |
10000 BC. |
Western, Southern USA and Cuba |  |
| Saint Croix macaw Ara autocthones |
Unknown |
St. Croix, Virgin Islands. | -- |
| Teratorns Teratornis merriami & Teratornis woodburnensis |
8000 BC. |
North America |  |
| Woodward's eagle Amplibuteo woodwardi |
Late Pleistocene |
Caribbean | -- |
Recent bird extinctions (1500 AD to present)
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antiguan burrowing owl Athene cunicularia amaura |
late 19th century |
Antigua and Barbuda | -- |
| Atitlán grebe Podilymbus gigas |
1989 |
Guatemala | |
| Bahaman barn owl Tyto pollens |
c. 16th century |
Andros Island, Bahamas |  |
| Bermuda flicker Colaptes oceanicus |
c. 18th century |
United Kingdom (Bermuda) | -- |
| Bermuda hawk Bermuteo avivorus |
c. 1603 |
United Kingdom (Bermuda) | -- |
| Bermuda night heron Nyctanassa carcinocatactes |
c. 18th century |
United Kingdom (Bermuda) | -- |
| Bermuda saw-whet owl Aegolius gradyi |
1600s |
United Kingdom (Bermuda) | -- |
| Brace's emerald Chlorostilbon bracei |
1870s |
Bahamas | -- |
| Carolina parakeet Conuropsis carolinensis |
1918 |
Eastern USA and Canada |  |
| Cuban ivory-billed woodpecker Campephilus principalis bairdii |
1987 |
Cuba |  |
| Cuban red macaw Ara tricolor |
1860s |
Cuba |  |
| Dusky seaside sparrow Ammodramus maritimus nigrescens |
1987 |
Florida |  |
| Gould's emerald Chlorostilbon elegans |
Unknown |
Bahamas or Jamaica |  |
| Grand Cayman thrush Turdus ravidus |
1940s |
Grand Cayman | -- |
| Great auk Pinguinus impennis |
1852 |
North Atlantic Coast |  |
| Guadalupe caracara Caracara lutosa |
1900 |
Guadalupe, Mexico |  |
| Guadeloupe burrowing owl Athene cunicularia guadeloupensis |
late 19th century |
France (Guadeloupe) | -- |
| Guadeloupe parakeet Aratinga labati |
c. 18th century |
France (Guadeloupe) |  |
| Guadeloupe parrot Amazona violacea |
1779 |
France (Guadeloupe) |  |
| Heath hen Tympanuchus cupido cupido |
1932 |
New England |  |
| Labrador duck Camptorhynchus labradorius |
1878 |
Atlantic Northeast |  |
| Lesser Antillean macaw Ara guadeloupensis |
1760 |
France (Guadeloupe) |  |
| Martinique parrot Amazona martinicana |
1779 |
France (Martinique) |  |
| Mauge's parakeet Aratinga chloroptera maugei |
1779 |
Mona Island, Puerto Rico |  |
| New Mexico Sharp-tailed Grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus hueyi |
1954 |
United States (Colorado and New Mexico) | -- |
| Passenger pigeon Ectopistes migratorius |
1914 |
Eastern USA and Canada |  |
| Slender-billed grackle Quiscalus palustris |
1910 |
Central Mexico |  |
| Spectacled cormorant Phalacrocorax perspicillatus |
1850 |
Komandorski Islands |  |
| Socorro elf owl Micrathene whitneyi graysoni |
1970 |
Mexico (Socorro Island) | -- |
| Violet macaw Anodorhynchus purpurascens |
Unknown |
France (Guadeloupe) |  |
Possibly Extinct birds
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bachman's warbler Vermivora bachmanii |
1988 |
Southeastern USA |  |
| Eskimo curlew Numenius borealis |
1981 |
Alaska to Argentina | .JPG) |
| Guadalupe storm petrel Oceanodroma macrodactyla |
1912 |
Guadalupe, Mexico |  |
| Imperial woodpecker Campephilus imperialis |
1956 |
Mexico |  |
| Indigo-capped hummingbird Amazilia cyanifrons |
Early 1940s |
Costa Rica |  |
| Ivory-billed woodpecker Campephilus principalis |
1987 |
Southeastern USA and Cuba |  |
| Jamaican petrel Pterodroma caribbaea |
1879 |
Jamaica |  |
| Jamaican poorwill Siphonorhis americana [38] |
1860 |
Jamaica |  |
| Semper's warbler Leucopeza semperi |
1961 |
St. Lucia |  |
Reptiles
Modern extinctions (1500 AD to present)
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Guadeloupe ameiva Ameiva cineracea[39] |
1928 |
France (Guadeloupe) | -- |
| Jamaica giant galliwasp Celestus occiduus[40] |
1840 |
Jamaica |  |
| Martinique giant ameiva Ameiva major[41] |
Unknown |
France (Martinique) | -- |
| Martinique curly-tailed lizard Leiocephalus herminieri[42] |
1830s |
France (Martinique) | -- |
| Navassa curly-tailed lizard Leiocephalus eremitus[43] |
1917 |
Navassa Island, USA | -- |
| Navassa Island dwarf boa Tropidophis bucculentus |
Late 19th century |
Navassa Island, USA | -- |
| Navassa Island iguana Cyclura cornuta onchiopsis[44] |
Late 19th century |
Navassa Island, USA | -- |
| Saint Croix racer Borikenophis sanctaecrucis[45] |
Unknown |
St. Croix, US Virgin Islands | -- |
Possibly Extinct
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Culebra Island giant anole Xiphosurus roosevelti |
1978 |
Culebra Island, Puerto Rico | -- |
Amphibians
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ainsworth's salamander Plethodon ainsworthi[46] |
1964 |
USA | -- |
| Craugastor chrysozetetes[47] | Unknown |
Honduras | -- |
| Craugastor escoces[48] | 1986 |
Costa Rica | -- |
| Golden toad Bufo periglenes[49] |
1989 |
Costa Rica |  |
| Rabbs' fringe-limbed treefrog Ecnomiohyla rabborum' |
September 26, 2016 |
Panama |  |
Possibly extinct amphibians
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atoyac minute salamander Thorius infernalis[50] |
1980s |
Guerrero, Mexico | -- |
| Bigfoot splayfoot salamander Chiropterotriton magnipes[51] |
Unknown |
San Luis Potosí & Querétaro, Mexico | -- |
| Golden coqui Eleutherodactylus jasperi[52] |
1981 |
Puerto Rico |  |
| San Martin pygmy salamander Thorius narismagnus[53] |
1980s |
Veracruz, Mexico | -- |
| Web-footed coquí Eleutherodactylus karlschmidti[54] |
1974 |
Puerto Rico | -- |
Fish
Prehistoric fish extinctions (begin Holocene to 1500 AD)
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Saber-toothed salmon Oncorhynchus rastrosus |
Late Pleistocene |
Western Coast of Canada and USA |  |
Recent fish extinctions (1500 AD to present)
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alberca silverside Chirostoma bartoni |
2006 |
Lerma River Basin, Mexico | -- |
| Alvord cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki alvordensis |
1920s |
Alvord Dry Lake, Oregon | -- |
| Ameca shiner Notropis amecae[55] |
Unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Amistad gambusia Gambusia amistadensis[56] |
Unknown (declared in 1987) |
Goodenough Spring, Texas | |
| Ash Meadows killifish Empetrichthys merriami[57] |
1948 |
Ash Meadows, Nevada |  |
| Banff longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae smithi |
Unknown (declared in 1987) |
Banff, Alberta | -- |
| Blackfin cisco Coregonus nigripinnis[58] |
1969 |
Great Lakes, Canada and USA | -- |
| Blue walleye Sander vitreus glaucus |
1983 |
Great Lakes, Canada and USA |  |
| Cachorrito de la Trinidad Cyprinodon inmemoriam[59] |
Unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Clear Lake splittail Pogonichthys ciscoides'[60] |
1970s |
Clear Lake, California | -- |
| Deepwater cisco Coregonus johannae[61] |
1952 |
Great Lakes, Canada and USA | -- |
| Durango shiner Notropis aulidion[62] |
Unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Graceful priapella Priapella bonita[63] |
Unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Grass Valley speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus reliquus |
1938 |
Lander County, Nevada | -- |
| Harelip sucker Moxostoma lacerum[64] |
1893 |
Southeastern USA | -- |
| Independence Valley tui chub Gila bicolor isolata |
1970s |
Independence Valley, Nevada | -- |
| Las Vegas dace Rhinichthys deaconi[65] |
1986 |
Las Vegas Valley, USA | -- |
| Longjaw cisco Coregonus alpenae[66] |
1975 |
Great Lakes, Canada and USA | -- |
| Maryland darter Etheostoma sellare[67] |
1988 |
Deer Creek, Maryland | .jpg){kind=small} |
| Mexican dace Evarra bustamantei[68]Evarra eigenmanni[69] & Evarra tlahuacensis[70] |
Unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Pahranagat spinedace Lepidomeda altivelis[71] |
1938 |
Pahranagat Valley, Nevada | -- |
| Phantom shiner Notropis orca[72] |
1975 |
Rio Grande Basin, Mexico and USA | -- |
| Parras characodon Characodon garmani[73] |
Unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Perrito de Parras Cyprinodon latifasciatus [74] |
Unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Perrito de Sandia Cyprinodon spp. [75] |
Unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Raycraft Ranch killifish Empetrichthys latos concavus |
Unknown |
Raycraft Ranch, Nevada | -- |
| Salado shiner Notropis saladonis[76] |
Unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| San Marcos gambusia Gambusia georgei[77] |
1983 |
San Marcos Spring, Texas | -- |
| Scioto madtom Noturus trautmani[78] |
1957 |
Big Darby Creek, Ohio | -- |
| Shortnose cisco Coregonus reighardi[79] |
1985 |
Great Lakes, Canada and USA |  |
| Silver trout Salvelinus agassizi[80] |
1930 |
Dublin Pond, New Hampshire |  |
| Snake River sucker Chasmistes muriei[81] |
Unknown |
Snake River, Wyoming | -- |
| Stumptooth minnow Stypodon signifer[82] |
Unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Tecopa pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis calidae |
1979 |
Majavo Desert Springs, California |  |
| Thicktail chub Gila crassicauda[83] |
1950s |
Central Valley of California |  |
| Utah Lake sculpin Cottus echinatus[84] |
1928 |
Utah Lake, Utah | -- |
| Villa Lopez pupfish Cyprinodon ceciliae[85] |
Unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Yellowfin cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki macdonald |
After 1903 |
Twin Lakes, Colorado | -- |
Crustaceans
- Cambarellus alvarezi,[86] Around 1994, Mexico (Nuevo León)
- Chihuahua dwarf crayfish,[87] Cambarellus chihuahuae Unknown, Mexico (Chihuahua)
- Florida fairy shrimp ,[88] Dexteria floridana, Unknown, Florida
- Hemigrapsus estellinensis ,[89] 1963, Estelline, Texas
- Pasadena freshwater shrimp ,[90] Syncaris pasadenae, 1933, Los Angeles, California
- Rubious cave amphipod ,[91] Stygobromus lucifugus, Unknown, Illinois
- Sandhills crayfish ,[92] Procambarus angustatus, Unknown, Georgia
- Sooty crayfish ,[93] Pacifastacus nigrescens, late 19th century, San Francisco Bay, California
Insects
The chestnut casebearer moth's larva case
The xerces blue
- American chestnut moth,[94] Ectoedemia castaneae, Unknown, USA
- Antioch Dunes shieldback katydid,[95] Neduba extincta, Unknown, USA
- Athens caddisfly,[96] Triaenodes phalacris, Unknown, USA
- Castle Lake caddisfly,[97] Rhyacophila amabilis, Unknown, USA
- Central Valley grasshopper,[98] Conozoa hyalina, Unknown, USA
- Chestnut casebearer moth,[99] Coleophora leucochrysella, 1900, USA
- Chestnut ermine moth,[100]Argyresthia castaneella, Unknown, USA
- Chestnut clearwing moth,[101] Coptotriche perplexa, Unknown, USA
- Fort Ross weevil,[102] Trigonoscuta rossi, Unknown, USA
- Macrancylus linearis,[103] Unknown, United States and West Indies
- Mono Lake diving beetle,[104] Hygrotus artus, Unknown, California
- Oeobia sp. Nov,[105] Unknown, USA
- Phleophagan chestnut moth,[106] Ectoedemia phleophaga, Unknown, Virginia
- Pecatonica River mayfly,[107] Acanthometropus pecatonica, Unknown, USA
- Rocky Mountain locust, Melanoplus spretus, 1902, Great Plains, Canada and USA
- Robert's stonefly,[108] Alloperla roberti, Unknown, USA
- Robust burrowing mayfly,[109] Pentagenia robusta, Unknown, Ohio River Area
- Three-toothed caddisfly,[110] Triaenodes tridonata, Unknown, USA
- Sloane's Urania butterfly, Urania sloanus, 1894, Jamaica
- Volutine stoneyian tabanid fly,[111] Stonemyia volutina, Unknown, USA
- Xerces blue butterfly,[112] Glaucopsyche xerces, 1943, Sunset District of San Francisco, California
- Yorba Linda weevil,[113] Trigonoscuta yorbalindae, Unknown, United States
Arachnids
- Caribbean monk seal nasal mite, Halarachne americana, 1952, Caribbean Sea
- Tityus exstinctus, 1884, France (Martinique)
Mollusks
The Cahaba pebblesnail
Corded purg
Little flat-top snail
The shoal sprite
Umbilicate pebblesnail
- Acorn pearly mussel,[114] Epioblasma haysiana, Unknown, Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
- Acorn ramshell,[115] Planorbella multivolvis, Unknown, Michigan
- Agate rocksnail,[116]Leptoxis clipeata, Unknown, Alabama
- Alabama clubhsell,[117] Pleurobema troschelianum, Unknown, Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee
- Alabama pigtoe,[118] Pleurobema johannis, Unknown, Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee
- Amphicyclotulus guadeloupensis,[119] Unknown, France (Guadeloupe)
- Angled riffleshell,[120] Epioblasma biemarginata, After 1967, Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
- Arc-form pearly mussel,[121] Epioblasma arcaeformis, 1940, Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
- Arcuate pearly mussel,[122] Epioblasma flexuosa, Unknown, United States
- Bigmouth rocksnail,[123] Leptoxis occultata, Unknown, Alabama
- Boulder snail,[124] Athearnia crassa, Unknown, Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Virginia
- Brown pigtoe,[125] Pleurobema hagleri, Unknown, United States
- Cahaba pebblesnail,[126] Clappia cahabensis, 1965, Cahaba River, Alabama
- Carolina elktoe,[127] Alasmidonta robusta, Unknown, the Carolinas
- Channeled pebblesnail,[128] Somatogyrus wheeleri, Unknown, Arkansas
- Closed elimia,[129] Elimia clausa, After 1967, Alabama
- Cobble elimia,[130] Elimia vanuxemiana, Unknown, Alabama
- Constricted elimia,[131] Elimia impressa, Unknown, Alabama
- Coosa elktoe,[132] Alasmidonta mccordi, Unknown, Alabama
- Coosa pigtoe,[133] Pleurobema murrayense, Unknown, USA
- Coosa rocksnail,[134] Leptoxis showalterii, Unknown, USA
- Corded purg,[135] Pyrgulopsis nevadensis, Unknown, Nevada
- Eelgrass limpet,[136] Lottia alveus, 1920s, Labrador to New York
- Elimia gibbera,[137] Unknown, Alabama
- Elimia macglameriana,[138] Unknown, Alabama & Georgia
- Excised slitshell,[139] Gyrotoma excisa, Unknown, Alabama
- Fine-rayed pearly mussel,[140] Epioblasma personata, Early 20th century, Alabama, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio & Tennessee
- Fish Lake physa,[141] Gyrotoma excisa, Unknown, Alabama
- Fusiform elimia,[142] Elimia fusiformis, Unknown, Alabama
- Green-blossom pearly mussel,[143] Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum,1980s, Tennessee River
- Hazel pigtoe,[144] Pleurobema avellanum, Unknown, United States
- Hearty elimia,[145] Elimia jonesi, Unknown, Alabama
- Highnut,[146] Pleurobema altum, Unknown, United States
- High-spired elimia,[147] Elimia hartmaniana, Unknown, USA
- Incerticyclus cinereus,[148] Unknown, Martinique
- Incerticyclus martinicensis,[149] Unknown, Martinique
- Lewis pearly mussel,[150] Epioblasma lewisii, Unknown, Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
- Leptoxis torrefacta,[151] Unknown, United States
- Little flat-top snail,[152] Neoplanorbis tantillus Unknown, Alabama
- Lined pocketbook,[153] Lampsilis binominata, Unknown, USA
- Longnut,[154] Pleurobema nucleopsis, Unknown, United States
- Lyrate rocksnail,[155] Leptoxis lirata, Unknown, Alabama
- Maiden rocksnail,[156] Leptoxis formosa, Unknown, Alabama & Georgia
- Nearby pearly mussel,[157] Epioblasma propinqua, 1901, Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
- Neoplanorbis carinatus,[158] Unknown, United States
- Neoplanorbis smithi,[159] Unknown, United States
- Neoplanorbis umbilicatus,[160] Unknown, United States
- Oachita pebblesnail,[161] Somatogyrus amnicoloides, Unknown, Arkansas
- Ochlockonee arcmussel,[162] Alasmidonta wrightiana, Unknown, Florida
- Oleacina guadeloupensis,[163] Unknown, Guadeloupe
- Olive marstonia,[164] Marstonia olivacea, 1940, Alabama
- Pagoda slitshell,[165] Gyrotoma pagoda, Unknown, Alabama
- Pleurodonte desidens,[166] 1834, Martinique
- Pupa elimia,[167] Elimia pupaeformis, Unknown, Alabama
- Pygmy elimia,[168] Elimia pygmaea, Unknown, Alabama
- Pyramid slitshell,[169] Gyrotoma pyramidata, Unknown, Alabama
- Reverse pebblesnail,[170] Somatogyrus alcoviensis, Unknown, Georgia
- Ribbed elimia,[171] Elimia laeta, Unknown, Alabama
- Ribbed slitshell,[172] Gyrotoma pumila, Unknown, Alabama
- Rotund rocksnail,[173] Leptoxis ligata, Unknown, Alabama
- Rough-lined elimia,[174] Elimia pilsbryi, Unknown, Alabama
- Round slitshell,[175] Gyrotoma walkeri, Unknown, Alabama
- Sampson's pearly mussel,[176] Epioblasma sampsonii, Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky
- Scioto pigtoe,[177] Pleurobema bournianum, Unknown, United States
- Shoal sprite,[178] Amphigyra alabamensis, Unknown, USA
- Short-spired elimia,[179] Elimia brevis, Unknown, Alabama
- Steward's pearly mussel,[180]Epioblasma stewardsonii, Unknown, USA
- Stone's pearly mussel,[181] Epioblasma lenior, After 1965, Alabama and Tennessee
- Striate slitshell,[182] Gyrotoma lewisii, Unknown, USA
- Striped rocksnail,[183] Leptoxis vittata, Unknown, United States
- Thick-lipped pebblesnail,[184] Somatogyrus crassilabris, Unknown, Arkansas
- Tombigbee moccasinshell,[185] Medionidus mcglameriae, Unknown, United States
- True pigtoe,[186] Pleurobema verum,Unknown, Alabama
- Tubercled-blossom pearly mussel,[187] Epioblasma torulosa torulosa, Unknown, Canada Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee & West Virginia
- Turgid-blossom pearly mussel,[188] Epioblasma turgidula, Unknown, USA
- Umbilicate pebblesnail,[189] Clappia umbilicata, 1928, Alabama
- Yellow pigtoe,[190] Pleurobema flavidulum, Unknown, United States
See also
- List of extinct animals
- List of extinct animals of the Hawaiian Islands
- List of extinct birds
- Extinct in the Wild
- Lazarus taxon
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
References
- IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on February 10, 2007.
- ↑ Turvey, S. & Helgen, K. (2008). "Megalomys desmarestii (Antillean Giant Rice Rat, Desmarest's Pilorie)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 21, 2013.
- ↑ Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T. & Castro-Arellano, I. (2008). "Neotoma anthonyi (Anthony's Woodrat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 21, 2013.
- ↑ Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T.; Castro-Arellano, I. & Lacher, T. (2008). "Neotoma bunkeri (Bunker's Woodrat, Bunkers Woodrat, Coronados Island Woodrat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 21, 2013.
- ↑ ARKive species - Bunkers woodrat (Neotoma bunkeri)
- ↑ Kovacs, K. (2008). "Monachus tropicalis (Caribbean Monk Seal, West Indian Monk Seal, West Indian Seal)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 21, 2013.
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- ↑ Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Pleurobema troschelianum (Alabama Clubshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Pleurobema johannis (Alabama Pigtoe)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bouchet, P. (1996). "Amphicyclotulus guadeloupensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma biemarginata (Angled Riffleshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma arcaeformis (Arc-form Pearly Mussel, Sugarspoon)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma flexuosa (Arcuate Pearly Mussel, Leafshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Leptoxis occultata (Bigmouth Rocksnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Mollusc Specialist Group (1996). "Athearnia crassa (Boulder Snail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Pleurobema hagleri (Brown Pigtoe)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Clappia cahabensis (Cahaba Pebblesnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Alasmidonta robusta (Carolina Elktoe)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Somatogyrus wheeleri (Channeled Pebblesnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Cordeiro, J.; Perez, K. & Bogan, A. (2012). "Elimia clausa (Closed Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Elimia vanuxemiana (Cobble Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Elimia impressa (Constricted Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Cummings, K. & Cordeiro, J. (2011). "Alasmidonta mccordi (Coosa Elktoe)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Pleurobema murrayense (Coosa Pigtoe)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Leptoxis showalterii (Coosa Rocksnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Pyrgulopsis nevadensis (Corded Purg)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bouchet, P. (1996). "Lottia alveus (Eelgrass Limpet)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Elimia gibbera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Elimia macglameriana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Gyrotoma excisa (Excised Slitshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Cummings, K. & Cordeiro, J. (2011). "Epioblasma personata (Fine-rayed Pearlymussel, Fine-rayed Pearly Mussel, Round Combshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Physella microstriata (Fish Lake Physa)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Cordeiro, J. & Perez, K. (2012). "Elimia fusiformis (Fusiform Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma torulosa ssp. gubernaculum (Green-blossom, Green-blossom Naiad, Green-blossom Pearly Mussel, Green Riffle Shell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Pleurobema avellanum (Hazel Pigtoe)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Cordeiro, J. & Perez, K. (2012). "Elimia jonesi (Hearty Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Pleurobema altum (Highnut)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Elimia hartmaniana (High-spired Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bouchet, P. (1996). "Incerticyclus cinereus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Bouchet, P. (1996). "Incerticyclus martinicensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma lewisii (Forkshell, Lewis Pearly Mussel)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Leptoxis torrefacta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Cordeiro, J. & Perez, K. (2012). "Neoplanorbis tantillus (Little Flat-top Snail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Lampsilis binominata (Lined Pocketbook)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Pleurobema nucleopsis (Longnut)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Leptoxis lirata (Lyrate Rocksnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Leptoxis formosa (Maiden Rocksnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Cummings, K. & Cordeiro, J. (2011). "Epioblasma propinqua (Nearby Pearlymussel, Nearby Pearly Mussel, Tennessee Riffleshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Neoplanorbis carinatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Neoplanorbis smithi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Neoplanorbis umbilicatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
- ↑ Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Somatogyrus amnicoloides (Oachita Pebblesnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Alasmidonta wrightiana (Ochlockonee Arcmussel)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bouchet, P. (1996). "Oleacina guadeloupensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Cordeiro, J. & Perez, K. (2011). "Marstonia olivacea (Olive Marstonia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Gyrotoma pagoda (Pagoda Slitshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bouchet, P. (2000). "Pleurodonte desidens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Seddon, M.B. & Mollusc Red List Authority (2000). "Elimia pupaeformis (Pupa Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Elimia pygmaea (Pygmy Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Gyrotoma pyramidata (Pyramid Slitshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Somatogyrus alcoviensis (Reverse Pebblesnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Elimia laeta (Ribbed Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Gyrotoma pumila (Ribbed Slitshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Leptoxis ligata (Rotund Rocksnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Cordeiro, J. & Perez, K. (2012). "Elimia pilsbryi (Rough-lined Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Gyrotoma walkeri (Round Slitshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma sampsonii (Sampson's Naiad, Sampson's Pearly Mussel, Sampson's Riffleshell, Wabash Riffleshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Pleurobema bournianum (Scioto Pigtoe)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Amphigyra alabamensis (Shoal Sprite)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Elimia brevis (Short-spired Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma stewardsonii (Cumberland Leafshell, Steward's Pearly Mussel)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma lenior (Narrow Catspaw, Stone's Pearly Mussel)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Gyrotoma lewisii (Striate Slitshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Leptoxis vittata (Striped Rocksnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Cordeiro, J. & Perez, K. (2011). "Somatogyrus crassilabris (Thick-lipped Pebblesnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Medionidus mcglameriae (Tombigbee Moccasinshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Pleurobema verum (True Pigtoe)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma torulosa ssp. torulosa (Tubercled Blossom, Tubercled-blossom Pearly Mussel, Turberculed Riffle Shell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma turgidula (Turgid-blossom, Turgid-blossom Naiad, Turgid-blossom Pearly Mussel, Turgid Riffle Shell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Clappia umbilicata (Umbilicate Pebblesnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). flavidulum (Yellow Pigtoe) "Pleurobema flavidulum (Yellow Pigtoe)" Check
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Notes
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