January 1936

The following events occurred in January 1936:

January 1, 1936 (Wednesday)

• A new law went into effect in Nazi Germany barring women under 35 from being employed by Jews. 10,000 women lost their jobs as a result.^[1]
• Stanford Indians defeated SMU Mustangs 7-0 in the 22nd Rose Bowl.
• In the 2nd Orange Bowl, Catholic University Cardinals beat Ole Miss Rebels 20-19.
• Butlins was founded in the United Kingdom.
• Died: Harry B. Smith, 75, American writer, lyricist and composer

January 2, 1936 (Thursday)

• In a reply to James Grover McDonald's statement of December 29, Germany said that the League of Nations had "every reason to worry first about the manner in which states belonging to the League deal with minorities and confessions within their borders" before concerning itself with Germany's internal affairs.^[2]
• The first-ever New York Film Critics Circle Awards were announced. The Informer was named Best Film of 1935.
• Cypress Gardens opened near Winter Haven, Florida.
• Born: Roger Miller, musician, in Fort Worth, Texas (d. 1992)

January 3, 1936 (Friday)

• U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt presented the annual State of the Union address to Congress. The president spoke at length about the international situation and warned that "a point has been reached where the people of the Americas must take cognizance of growing ill-will, of marked trends toward aggression, of increasing armaments, of shortening tempers — a situation which has in it many of the elements that lead to the tragedy of general war." Roosevelt asserted that if another age of war was at hand, "the United States and the rest of the Americas can play but one role: through a well-ordered neutrality to do naught to encourage the contest, through adequate defense to save ourselves from embroilment and attack, and through example and all legitimate encouragement and assistance to persuade other Nations to return to the ways of peace and good-will."^[3]
• The Polish government freed 27,000 prisoners under a general amnesty.^[1]
• The comedy-drama film Riffraff starring Jean Harlow and Spencer Tracy was released.

January 4, 1936 (Saturday)

• England defeated the New Zealand All Blacks for the first time in a Rugby Union international match, 13-0. Alexander Obolensky became a national hero when he scored two tries.^[1]
• This is the cover date of Billboard magazine's first published hit parade, listing the most popular recordings in the United States.
• The George Bernard Shaw play The Millionairess had its world premiere in Vienna.
• Died: James Churchward, 84, English occult writer; Robert Walter Richard Ernst von Görschen, 71, German government councillor

January 5, 1936 (Sunday)

• Second Italo-Ethiopian War: Italian planes bombed Degehabur.^[1]
• The radio drama Famous Jury Trials premiered on WLW in Cincinnati, Ohio.
• Born: Florence King, writer, in Washington, D.C.
• Died: Ramón del Valle-Inclán, 69, Spanish dramatist

January 6, 1936 (Monday)

• The U.S. Supreme Court decided United States v. Butler, finding the processing taxes of the Agricultural Adjustment Act unconstitutional.
• The German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee entered service.
• The Agatha Christie detective novel The A.B.C. Murders was first published.
• Born: Nida Blanca, actress, in Gapan, Philippines (d. 2001); Julio María Sanguinetti, President of Uruguay, in Montevideo
• Died: Louise Bryant, 50, American journalist

January 7, 1936 (Tuesday)

• The Spanish Cortes Generales was dissolved and new elections called for February.^[4]
• Iran became the first Muslim country to ban the wearing of veils in public.^[5] In the years prior to the 1979 Revolution, Iran celebrated January 7 as Women's Day to mark this event.^[6]

January 8, 1936 (Wednesday)

• Ethiopia asked the League of Nations to dispatch a commission to investigate the use of poison gas by Italian troops.^[7]
• Jewish booksellers throughout Nazi Germany were ordered to turn in their Reich Publications Chamber membership cards, without which no one was permitted to sell books.^[8]
• Born: Robert May, Baron May of Oxford, scientist, in Sydney, Australia

January 9, 1936 (Thursday)

• An earthquake centred in Túquerres, Colombia killed 250 people.^[9]
• The Democratic National Committee endorsed U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt for re-election in 1936.^[1]
• Died: John Gilbert, 38, American actor (heart attack)

January 10, 1936 (Friday)

• General elections were held in Cuba. Miguel Mariano Gómez was elected the country's new president.
• The Dominican Republic's capital city of Santo Domingo was renamed Ciudad Trujillo (Trujillo City), after the country's ruler Rafael Trujillo.^[10]
• The far-right political league Croix-de-Feu was dissolved in France.
• The French Social Party was formed.
• Born: Stephen E. Ambrose, historian, in Lovington, Illinois (d. 2002); Burnum Burnum, Aboriginal activist, at Wallaga Lake, Australia (d. 1997); Robert Woodrow Wilson, astronomer and Nobel laureate, in Houston, Texas

January 11, 1936 (Saturday)

• The Oberkommando der Marine was formed in Germany.
• The Executive Order on the Reich Tax Law forbade Jews from serving as tax consultants in Germany.^[11]
• The Warner Bros. short cartoon I Wanna Play House was released, the first with "target" titles.
• Born: Eva Hesse, Jewish German-born American sculptor, in Hamburg (d. 1970)

January 12, 1936 (Sunday)

• The Battle of Ganale Doria began on the Ethiopian southern front.^[12]
• Born: Émile Lahoud, President of Lebanon, in Beirut
• Died: John Francis Hylan, 67, Mayor of New York City 1918–25

January 13, 1936 (Monday)

• The city of Saarlouis in the Saarland had its name Germanized to Saarlautern.^[13]

January 14, 1936 (Tuesday)

• Howard Hughes set a new transcontinental flight record, completing a non-stop flight from Los Angeles to Newark, New Jersey in 9 hours 27 minutes 10 seconds.^[14]
• An American Airlines passenger plane crashed in Goodwin, Arkansas, killing all 17 aboard. The cause of the crash was never determined.^[15]

January 15, 1936 (Wednesday)

• Japan quit the London Naval Conference after rejecting tonnage limitations on various types of warships.^[16][17]
• Died: Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster, 69, British politician and Governor-General of Australia; George Landenberger, 56, American navy captain and Governor of American Samoa

January 16, 1936 (Thursday)

• The Battle of Ganale Doria ended in an Italian victory.^[12]
• Mussolini sent a letter to the International Committee of the Red Cross referring to the Italian bombing of hospitals in Ethiopia as "accidents".^[18]
• New Jersey Governor Harold G. Hoffman granted Richard Hauptmann a stay of execution 28 hours before he was scheduled to die in the electric chair.^[19]
• Died: Albert Fish, 65, American serial killer (executed by electric chair)

January 17, 1936 (Friday)

• In Paris, the trial in the Stavisky Affair ended with 9 convictions and 11 acquittals.^[1]
• Joseph Goebbels said in a speech in Berlin that Germany's colonies lost in the Treaty of Versailles must be returned. In this speech he also made the famous "guns versus butter" comparison, saying, "We can manage without butter but not, for example, without guns. If we are attacked we can only defend ourselves with guns, not with butter."^[20][21]

January 18, 1936 (Saturday)

• The Metropolitan Benjamin was elected Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople to succeed Photios II, who died December 29.^[22]
• Died: Rudyard Kipling, 70, English writer

January 19, 1936 (Sunday)

• A memorial to Theodore Roosevelt was dedicated in New York City. President Franklin D. Roosevelt made a speech paying tribute to his predecessor in the office and fourth cousin, describing him as "a great patriot and a great soul."^[23]

January 20, 1936 (Monday)

• King George V died in the presence of his immediate family at Sandringham House at five minutes to midnight after a four-day bronchial illness. His eldest son Edward became the new king.^[24]
• Italians captured what remained of the town of Negele Borana which had nearly been destroyed by bombing.^[12][18]
• The Christmas Offensive ended in an Ethiopian tactical victory.
• The First Battle of Tembien began on Ethiopia's northern front.
• A general strike began in Syria.
• Born: Frances Shand Kydd, mother of Diana, Princess of Wales, at Sandringham, Norfolk, England (d. 2004)
• Died: George V, 70, King of the United Kingdom

January 21, 1936 (Tuesday)

• The new King of England Edward VIII flew from Sandringham House to London for the traditional pledges at St. James' Palace, swearing to uphold the Church of England and receiving the oath of allegiance from the Privy Council.^[25]
• Bolivia and Paraguay signed a final peace treaty ending the Chaco War.^[16]
• Richard W. Leche won the Louisiana gubernatorial election.
• Paul Hindemith wrote Trauermusik at very short notice for the late George V.
• Died: Arthur Dalrymple Fanshawe, 88, British admiral

January 22, 1936 (Wednesday)

• Pierre Laval resigned as Prime Minister of France after the Radical-Socialist Party factions withdrew their support for his government.^[26]
• The U.S. House of Representatives passed the Adjusted Compensation Payment Bill and turned it over to President Roosevelt for signature or veto.^[27]

January 23, 1936 (Thursday)

• 54 died in a cold wave centered on the Midwestern United States.^[28]
• The body of George V was brought to Westminster Abbey to lie in state for four days.^[29]
• Alexander Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie became the 10th Governor-General of Australia.
• Born: Arlene Golonka, actress, in Chicago, Illinois; Jerry Kramer, American football player, in Jordan, Montana
• Died: John C. Mills, 25, member of the Mills Brothers vocal group (pneumonia)

January 24, 1936 (Friday)

• Albert Sarraut became the new French Prime Minister.
• President Roosevelt sent a short handwritten message saying he would not sign the Adjusted Compensation Payment Bill, explaining that it only differed in two respects from the bill he had already vetoed at the last session. Prior to this note, Theodore Roosevelt had been the last president to write a veto message by hand. The House promptly took a vote and overrode the presidential veto by a count of 324 to 61.^[30]
• The First Battle of Tembien ended in a draw.^[12]
• Died: Harry Peach, 61 or 62, English businessman and author

January 25, 1936 (Saturday)

• Al Smith announced in a radio address that due to his opposition to the New Deal, he would not be supporting Roosevelt in the 1936 election campaign as he had in 1932.^[31]
• General Francisco Franco was selected as Spain's representative to attend the funeral of George V.^[32]

January 26, 1936 (Sunday)

• Parliamentary elections were held in Greece, won by the Liberal Party.

January 27, 1936 (Monday)

• The U.S. Senate passed the Adjusted Compensation Payment Act by overriding the president's veto, 76-19.^[33]
• Born: Troy Donahue, actor and singer, in New York City (d. 2001)

January 28, 1936 (Tuesday)

• The funeral of George V was held. Britain observed 2 minutes of silence at 1:30 p.m. as he was interred at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.^[34]
• Richard Loeb of the notorious Leopold and Loeb murder duo was slashed to death with a razor by a fellow inmate in Stateville Penitentiary.^[35]
• Born: Alan Alda, actor, director and screenwriter, in New York City; Ismail Kadare, novelist and poet, in Gjirokastër, Albania
• Died: Oscar K. Allen, 53, incumbent Governor of Louisiana (brain hemorrhage)

January 29, 1936 (Wednesday)

• The Baseball Hall of Fame announced its first five inductees: Ty Cobb, Babe Ruth, Honus Wagner, Christy Mathewson and Walter Johnson. The official induction ceremony was held three years later on June 12, 1939.^[36]
• The Soviet Academy of Sciences announced that it had revived insects and lobsters buried 3,000 years ago under Siberian permafrost.^[37]
• Born: Patrick Caulfield, painter, in Acton, London, England (d. 2005); James Jamerson, bass player, in Edisto, South Carolina (d. 1983); Walter Lewin, astrophysicist, in The Hague, Netherlands

January 30, 1936 (Thursday)

• Ali Mahir Pasha became Prime Minister of Egypt.
• Another border incident between the Soviet Union and Manchukuo occurred. 3 Russians were killed in a skirmish with Japanese-Manchukuan troops.^[38]
• The new owners of the Boston Braves baseball club asked newspapermen to come up with a new nickname for the team based on suggestions by fans. The nickname of Bees was soon chosen, but it never really caught on and the team's nickname was reverted to the Braves after the 1940 season.^[39]
• The musical revue Ziegfeld Follies of 1936 with music by Vernon Duke and lyrics by Ira Gershwin premiered at the Winter Garden Theater on Broadway.

January 31, 1936 (Friday)

• The radio adventure program Green Hornet premiered on WXYZ in Detroit.

References