Internal thoracic artery

Internal thoracic artery

Right internal thoracic artery and its branches (labeled under its old name the Internal mammary artery, at upper right.)
Details
Source Subclavian artery
Branches Pericardiocophrenic
Anterior intercostal branches
Musculophrenic
Superior epigastric
Perforating branches
Vein Internal thoracic vein
Identifiers
Latin Arteria thoracica interna, arteria mammaria interna
MeSH A07.231.114.891.525
TA A12.2.08.029
FMA 3960

Anatomical terminology

In human anatomy, the internal thoracic artery (ITA), previously known as the internal mammary artery (a name still common among surgeons), is an artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. It is a paired artery, with one running along each side of the sternum, to continue after its bifurcation as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries.

Structure

The internal thoracic artery arises from the subclavian artery near its origin.

It travels downward on the inside of the ribcage, approximately a centimeter from the sides of the sternum, and thus medial to the nipple. It is accompanied by the internal thoracic vein.

It runs deep to the external oblique, but superficial to the vagus nerve

It continues downward until it divides into the superficial intercostal artery and the inferior epigastric artery around the sixth costal cartilage.

Branches

After passing the sixth intercostal space, the internal thoracic artery splits into the following two terminal branches:

Clinical significance

Use in bypass grafts

The internal thoracic artery is the cardiac surgeon's blood vessel of choice for coronary artery bypass grafting. The left ITA has a superior long-term patency to saphenous vein grafts[1][2] and other arterial grafts[3] (e.g. radial artery, gastroepiploic artery) when grafted to the left anterior descending coronary artery, generally the most important vessel, clinically, to revascularize.

Plastic surgeons may use either the left or right internal thoracic arteries for autologous free flap reconstruction of the breast after mastectomy. Usually, a microvascular anastomosis is performed at the second intercostal space to the artery on which the free flap is based.

Additional images

References

  1. Kitamura, S; Kawachi, K; Kawata, T; Kobayashi, S; Mizuguchi, K; Kameda, Y; Nishioka, H; Hamada, Y; Yoshida, Y (1996). "Ten-year survival and cardiac event-free rates in Japanese patients with the left anterior descending artery revascularized with internal thoracic artery or saphenous vein graft: a comparative study". Nippon Geka Gakkai zasshi. 97 (3): 202–9. PMID 8649330.
  2. Arima, M; Kanoh, T; Suzuki, T; Kuremoto, K; Tanimoto, K; Oigawa, T; Matsuda, S (2005). "Serial angiographic follow-up beyond 10 years after coronary artery bypass grafting". Circulation Journal. 69 (8): 896–902. doi:10.1253/circj.69.896. PMID 16041156.
  3. Cohen, G; Tamariz, MG; Sever, JY; Liaghati, N; Guru, V; Christakis, GT; Bhatnagar, G; Cutrara, C; et al. (2001). "The radial artery versus the saphenous vein graft in contemporary CABG: a case-matched study". The Annals of thoracic surgery. 71 (1): 180–5; discussion 185–6. doi:10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02285-2. PMID 11216742.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Internal thoracic artery.

Figures of ITA grafts

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/14/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.