Esterase

An esterase is a hydrolase enzyme that splits esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis.

A wide range of different esterases exist that differ in their substrate specificity, their protein structure, and their biological function.

EC classification/list of enzymes

- Acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.6), splits off acetyl groups
  - Cholinesterase
    - Acetylcholinesterase, inactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
    - Pseudocholinesterase, broad substrate specificity, found in the blood plasma and in the liver
- Pectinesterase (EC 3.1.1.11), clarifies fruit juices
EC 3.1.2: Thiolester hydrolases
- Thioesterase
  - Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1
EC 3.1.3: Phosphoric monoester hydrolases
- Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.x), hydrolyses phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion and an alcohol
  - Alkaline phosphatase, removes phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids.
  - Phosphodiesterase (PDE), inactivates the second messenger cAMP
    - cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, is inhibited by Sildenafil (Viagra)
- Fructose bisphosphatase (3.1.3.11), converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis
EC 3.1.4: Phosphoric diester hydrolases
EC 3.1.5: Triphosphoric monoester hydrolases
EC 3.1.6: Sulfuric ester hydrolases (sulfatases)
EC 3.1.7: Diphosphoric monoester hydrolases
EC 3.1.8: Phosphoric triester hydrolases
Exonucleases (deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases)
- EC 3.1.11: Exodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.13: Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.14: Exoribonucleases producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.15: Exonucleases active with either ribo- or deoxy-
Endonucleases (deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases)
- Endodeoxyribonuclease
- Endoribonuclease
- either deoxy- or ribo-

External links

Enzyme nomenclature

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

Hydrolase: esterases (EC 3.1)

3.1.1: Carboxylic
ester hydrolases

Lipase

Phospholipase
- A1
- A2
- B

3.1.2: Thioesterase

3.1.3: Phosphatase

3.1.4: Phosphodiesterase

3.1.6: Sulfatase

Nuclease (includes
deoxyribonuclease and
ribonuclease)

3.1.11-16: Exonuclease

Exodeoxyribonuclease	RecBCD

Exoribonuclease	Oligonucleotidase

3.1.21-31: Endonuclease

Endodeoxyribonuclease	Deoxyribonuclease I Deoxyribonuclease II Deoxyribonuclease IV Restriction enzyme UvrABC endonuclease

Endoribonuclease	RNase III RNase H 1 2A 2B 2C RNase P RNase A 1 2 3 4/5 RNase T1 RNA-induced silencing complex

either deoxy- or ribo-	Aspergillus nuclease S1 Micrococcal nuclease

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

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Esterase

EC classification/list of enzymes

See also

External links