Don Sahong Dam

Don Sahong Dam
Location of Don Sahong Dam in Laos
Location	Champasak Province, Laos
Coordinates	13°56′37.87″N 105°57′22.62″E / 13.9438528°N 105.9562833°E / 13.9438528; 105.9562833Coordinates: 13°56′37.87″N 105°57′22.62″E / 13.9438528°N 105.9562833°E / 13.9438528; 105.9562833
Status	Under construction
Construction began	January 2016 (2016-01)
Owner(s)	Mega First Corporation Berhad IJM Corporation
Dam and spillways
Impounds	Mekong
Height	32 m (105 ft)
Power station
Installed capacity	260 MW (max. planned)

The Don Sahong is a proposed hydroelectric dam on the Mekong River in Siphandone area of Champasak Province, southern Laos. It is located less than two kilometers upstream of the Laos–Cambodia border.^[1]

History

In March 2006, the Government of Laos signed a memorandum of understanding with the Malaysian engineering and construction company Mega First Corporation Berhad for a feasibility study of the project.^[1][2] In February 2008, a project development agreement was signed.^[1] In June 2008, Mega First Corporation Berhad formed a joint venture with IJM Corporation for the project development. Mega First Corporation Berhad owns 70% of shares in the joint venture while IJM Corporation has 30%.^[3] On the 3rd of October 2013, the Government of Laos notified the Mekong River Commission of its intention to construct the Don Sahong Dam.^[4] The notification was one month ahead of the planned construction date. This was controversial among other Mekong River Commission member states Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam, who argued that as a mainstream dam, Don Sahong is subject to Prior Consultation under the Mekong River Commission Procedures for Notification, Prior Consultation, and Agreement (PNPCA).^[5] Under these procedures, the proponent nation of a mainstream dam is required to not only notify neighbouring countries of its intention, but also to undertake a consultation aimed at reaching consensus with neighbouring states.^[6] The Government of Laos has maintained that as the dam site is only on a channel within the mainstream of the river, it is not subject to the process of Prior Consultation like dams that cover the entire mainstream such as the Xayaburi dam.^[7] At a meeting of the Mekong River Commission's joint-committee on the 16th of January 2014, the member states were unable to reach consensus on whether the dam was subject to Prior Consultation, and referred the process to the ministerial level - the highest decision-making level in Commission.^[8] The PNPCA, a part of the 1995 Mekong Agreement aims to reach consensus among nations, however is non-binding as was demonstrated in the case of Xayaburi dam, which has proceeded despite no consensus from the Prior Consultation process.^[9] The dam has also sparked controversy among civil society groups, especially in Cambodia, where groups are concerned about impacts on fisheries.^[10] One group went so far as to call for a boycott of the iconic Angkor beer, given the brewer's financial involvements with dam developers.^[11]

Description

The Don Sahong Dam is a Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity facility^[12] that would be located at the downstream end of the Hou Sahong channel between Don Sahong and Don Sadam islands. The dam's height would be between 30 and 32 metres (98 and 105 ft). It would have a capacity of 260 MW. Most of the produced electricity would be exported to Thailand and Cambodia.^[1]

Developers, engineers and financiers

The developer backing the Don Sahong Dam is Mega First Corporation Berhad,^[13] a Malaysian company which owns the British Virgin Islands-incorporated company Don Sahong Power Company.^[14]

Engineering feasibility studies were completed by AECOM.^[15]

Impact

Developers suggest that the project would have "no significant impact" on the local environment,^[16] however both the governments of Cambodia and Vietnam, and a variety of civil society groups have raised concerns over uncertain or likely impacts, especially on fisheries.^[17] Many independent fisheries experts conclude that the dam would have a serious impact on fish migration as the channel is the only one within the Khone Falls complex that is passable to migratory fishes in the dry-season, and the major migration channel year-round.^{[1][18][19][20]}

The developers argue that given the declining local fish catches, the removal of fish traps from the much smaller channels surrounding the dam site, as well as other modifications to depth and channel bathymetry will enable these routes to replace the Don Sahong as a passageway for fish migration.^[21][22] The viability of these alternative routes has been questioned by government representatives of Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam, with the latter suggesting "it is not possible to replace the modified channels for upstream fish migration with the existing Hou Sahong".^[23] Scientists have raised a large number of concerns over the adequacy of the EIA, queried this approach to fishery mitigation as experimental and unproven, and labelling the belief mitigations measures would be effective as "faith based".^[24]

The Don Sahong Hydropower Project would pose a major threat to the Mekong River's critically endangered population of Irrawaddy dolphin.^[25] The risk is considered very high for the small resident sub-population living in the Veun Nyang/Anlong Cheuteal pool that straddles the Lao/Cambodian border, and is the only remaining dolphin population in Laos.^[25][26][27] The Don Sahong Dam is predicted to cause the extirpation of dolphins from Laos.^[25] Threats to the dolphins include the blasting of large volumes of rock from the channel, the intensive heavy industrial activity at the site, and modifications to the river flows. The construction plan for the Don Sahong Project excludes underwater blasting downstream of the dam site.^[27] Almost all excavation will be from drained sections of the upper Hou Sahong, though blasting would still occur very near the dolphins behind a coffer dam.^[16][22] Despite this minor mitigation effort, damage to the dolphin's sensitive hearing structures is expected and could prove fatal.^[25] Mechanical excavation would also continue below the dam to very near the animals. Other risks identified include the long-term effects of disturbance and stress on the animals, and the demographic consequences if the sub-population near the dam was extirpated.^[25] The persistence of threats at the site means that only the lowest risk activities are compatible with dolphin persisting in the area,^[25][27] though developers state that "construction impacts [on dolphins are] necessary".^[28]

The project would reduce flow to the Khone Phapheng Falls and surrounding channels.^[1] Environmental Impact Assessment documents indicate that the guaranteed flow would be the equivalent of an extreme dry-season low-flow (800 cubic meters per second).^[29]

As the Siphandone area is considered as a potential Ramsar site, construction of the dam would threaten its eligibility for the Ramsar status.^[1]

The Thako Project is another hydroelectric project proposed for the Phapheng channel, which is adjacent to the Sahong channel and also within the Siphandone.^[30] The Thako and Don Sahong projects are economically incompatible due to competition for the same water resources.^[30] Thako has been promoted as more sustainable than Don Sahong as it does not block a river channel. However, it would produce less electricity. Feasibility and EIA processes have been completed for both proposals, but the government of Laos is yet to agree to either proposal.

References