Pak Mun Dam

Pak Mun Dam
Main wall of the Pak Mun Dam
Location of Pak Mun Dam in Thailand
Country	Thailand
Location	Ubon Ratchathani Province
Coordinates	15°16′55″N 105°28′6″E / 15.28194°N 105.46833°E / 15.28194; 105.46833Coordinates: 15°16′55″N 105°28′6″E / 15.28194°N 105.46833°E / 15.28194; 105.46833
Opening date	1994
Dam and spillways
Impounds	Mun River
Height	17 m (56 ft)
Length	300 m (984 ft)
Width (crest)	7.5 m (25 ft)
Reservoir
Creates	Pak Mun Reservoir
Power station
Operator(s)	EGAT
Turbines	4[1]
Installed capacity	136 MW
Annual generation	290 GWh

The Pak Mun Dam (Thai: เขื่อนปากมูล) is a barrage dam and run-of-the-river hydroelectric plant located 5.5 km west of the confluence of the Mun and Mekong Rivers in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. It was constructed by the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) with support from the World Bank at a total cost of US$240 million, and completed in 1994.

The project has been criticized for adverse effects on the fisheries of the Mun River, insufficient compensation payments to affected villagers, and failure to produce the projected power output. The immediate impact of the dam was to flood 117 km² of land and displace families. The original plan estimated the displacement of 262 families. In the end, 912 families were displaced and 780 households lost all or part of their land.^[2] In all, around 25,000 villagers claim to have been affected by the dam. Protests have been staged at the dam site and outside Government House in Bangkok. EGAT has paid out US$44.24 million in relocation compensation, plus US$15.8 million for loss of fisheries.^[3]

Fisheries

In response to concerns about the dam's likely impact on fisheries on the Mun River, a fish ladder was incorporated into the scheme to allow fish into the Mun River to spawn. However, the ladder appears to have been unsuccessful. A report from the World Commission on Dams found that of 265 fish species previously found in the Mun River, at least 50 had disappeared and numbers of others had declined significantly. The fish catch decreased by 60–80 percent. It is uncertain what proportion of this decrease is attributable to the dam, and what proportion to other factors.

In response to protests, the government opened the dam gates temporarily in June 2001. Subsequently, a study by Ubon Ratchathani University recommended keeping the gates open for a further five years, and a study by Living River Siam recommended decommissioning the dam. Instead, the Thai Cabinet decided to close the gates for eight months each year from November 2002.^[4]

Electricity generation

The World Commission on Dams report raised doubts about the amount of power which the dam can produce. It argued that the dam could not reliably produce the anticipated amount of electricity, making it economically nonviable. EGAT responded that such consistent electricity production was unnecessary, and that the dam was a useful source of electricity.

References

External links

• Tyson R. Roberts (2001). "On The River of no Returns: Thailand's Pak Mun Dam and its Fish Ladder" (PDF). Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. Thai Science (49): 189–230. Retrieved 16 December 2013.