Bruce (New Zealand electorate)
Bruce was a rural parliamentary electorate in the Otago region of New Zealand, from 1861 to 1922. For part of the 1860s with the influx to Otago of gold-miners it was a multi-member constituency with two members.
Population centres
In 1865 the Bruce electorate included Tokomairiro, Waihola, East Taieri, suburbs of Dunedin, Inch Clutha, Lawrence, Warepa and Pomahaka.
History
The Bruce electorate was formed in the 1860 electoral redistribution. It covered the rural area surrounding Dunedin that had previously been part of the Dunedin Country electorate. The Bruce electorate was a two-member constituency.[1]
Charles Kettle and Thomas Gillies were the only two candidates for the newly constituted two-member electorate of Bruce. They were thus declared elected unopposed on 11 February 1861.[2]
Kettle died on 5 June 1862.[3] Edward Cargill succeeded him in the 1862 by-election.[4]
Thomas Gillies resigned and the subsequent by-election was contested by W. J. Dyer and Arthur John Burns.[5] On 8 April 1865, Burns and Dyer received 102 and 78 votes. Burns was thus declared elected.[6]
Later in 1865, Edward Cargill resigned. The resulting second by-election in 1865, held on 26 July, was contested by James Macandrew and John Cargill. Macandrew and J. Cargill received 207 and 34 votes, and Macandrew was declared elected.[7]
From the 1866 general election, Bruce was a single-member electorate. John Cargill was its first representative, and he resigned in 1870. James Clark Brown won the 1870 by-election on 21 March. Brown stood for Tuapeka in the 1871 general election. William Archibald Murray won the 1871 election for Bruce, was confirmed in 1876 and 1879, but defeated in 1881 by James Rutherford, who died in 1883. James McDonald won the 1883 by-election, but was defeated at the 1884 general election.[4]
Robert Gillies won the 1884 general election, but resigned on 30 June 1885.[8] Donald Reid won the resulting 1885 by-election, but was defeated at the 1887 general election by Crawford Anderson. He retired at the end of the term, and the 1890 general election was won by James William Thomson, who resigned again in 1892.[4]
The later Defence Minister James Allen won the 1892 by-election and held the seat until 1920, when he resigned. John Edie was successful in the 1920 by-election, and when the electorate was abolished in 1922, he successfully stood for Clutha.[4]
Members of Parliament
Bruce was represented by 16 Members of Parliament.[4]
Key:
Independent Conservative Reform Liberal
1861 to 1866
Bruce was a two-member electorate from 1861 to 1866.
1861 to 1866
Bruce was a two-member electorate from 1861 to 1866.
| Election | Winner | |||
| 1861 election | Charles Kettle | Thomas Gillies | ||
| 1862 by-election | Edward Cargill | |||
| April 1865 by-election | Arthur John Burns | |||
| July 1865 by-election | James Macandrew | |||
1866 to 1922
From 1866 to 1922, Bruce was a single-member electorate.
| Election | Winner | |
| 1866 election | John Cargill | |
| 1870 by-election | James Clark Brown | |
| 1871 election | William Archibald Murray | |
| 1876 election | ||
| 1879 election | ||
| 1881 election | James Rutherford | |
| 1883 by-election | James McDonald | |
| 1884 election | Robert Gillies | |
| 1885 by-election | Donald Reid | |
| 1887 election | Crawford Anderson | |
| 1890 election | James William Thomson | |
| 1892 by-election | James Allen | |
| 1893 election | ||
| 1896 election | ||
| 1899 election | ||
| 1902 election | ||
| 1905 election | ||
| 1908 election | ||
| 1911 election | ||
| 1914 election | ||
| 1919 election | ||
| 1920 by-election | John Edie | |
| (Electorate abolished 1922) | ||
Election results
1920 by-election
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | John Edie | 2,331 | 51.44 | ||
| Reform | James Begg | 2,201 | 48.56 | ||
| Majority | 130 | 2.86 | |||
| Turnout | 4,532 | ||||
1919 election
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reform | James Allen | 2,993 | 51.08 | ||
| Liberal | John Edie | 2,867 | 48.92 | ||
| Majority | 126 | 2.15 | |||
| Informal votes | 71 | 1.20 | |||
| Registered electors | 7,395 | ||||
| Turnout | 5,931 | 80.20 | |||
1899 election
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | James Allen | 1,966 | 55.10 | ||
| Liberal | Crawford Anderson[12] | 1,602 | 44.90 | ||
| Majority | 364 | 10.20 | |||
| Turnout | 3,568 | 76.48 | |||
| Registered electors | 4,665 | ||||
1892 by-election
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | James Allen | 1,085 | 66.85 | ||
| Liberal | Alfred Lee Smith | 538 | 33.14 | ||
| Majority | 547 | 33.70 | |||
| Turnout | 1,623 | 75.06 | |||
| Registered electors | 2,162 | ||||
1890 election
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | James William Thomson | 872 | 69.76 | ||
| Conservative | James Smith | 378 | 30.24 | ||
| Majority | 494 | 39.51 | |||
| Turnout | 1,250 | 59.80 | |||
| Registered electors | 2,090 | ||||
1862 by-election
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | Edward Cargill | 74 | 57.81 | ||
| Independent | William Baldwin | 54 | 42.19 | ||
| Turnout | 128 | ||||
| Majority | 20 | ||||
Notes
- ↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 31–35.
- ↑ "Local Intelligence". Otago Witness (481). 16 February 1861. p. 5. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
- ↑ Patterson, Brad. "Kettle, Charles Henry". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. p. 188. OCLC 154283103.
- ↑ "The Nomination". Bruce Herald. II (52). 6 April 1865. p. 5. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
- ↑ "Bruce Election". Otago Witness (698). 15 April 1865. p. 11. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
- ↑ "Bruce Election". Otago Witness (714). 5 August 1865. p. 11. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
- ↑ Scholefield 1950, p. 108.
- ↑ "Bruce By-election". Manawatu Times. XLIII (1541). 15 April 1920. p. 5. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
- ↑ The New Zealand Official Year-Book. Government Printer. 1920. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
- ↑ "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
- ↑ "Bruce Electoral District". Clutha Leader. XXVI (1355). 5 December 1899. p. 2. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
- ↑ "The Bruce Election". Manawatu Herald. 7 May 1892. p. 2. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
- ↑ "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
- ↑ "The Election for Bruce". Otago Daily Times (204). 4 August 1862. p. 5. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
References
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.