Baluchistan Agency
| Baluchistan Agency | |||||
| Agency of British India (1877–1947) Colony of the United Kingdom (1947) | |||||
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| History | |||||
| • | Signature of the Treaty of Mastung by the Khan of Kalat and the Baloch Sardars | 1877 | |||
| • | Balochistan Made Separate British Colony (British Balochistan) | 1947 | |||
| • | Independence of Pakistan | 1947 | |||
| "A collection of treaties, engagements, and sunnuds relating to India and neighbouring countries" | |||||
The Baluchistan Agency (or Balochistan or Baloochistan or British Balochistan) was one of the colonial agencies of British India. It was located in the present-day Pakistani territory of Baluchistan.[2]
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Geography
The territories of the agency covered an area of 208,262 km2 (44,345 square miles) and included areas which had been acquired by lease or otherwise brought under direct British control, as well as the princely states.
History
This political agency was established in 1877 following the 1876 treaty signed in Mastung by Baloch leaders by means of which they accepted the mediation of the British authorities in their disputes.[3]
Colonel Sir Robert Groves Sandeman introduced an innovative system of tribal pacification in Balochistan that was in effect from 1877 to 1947. However the Government of India generally oppose his Methods and refused to allow it to operate in India's North West Frontier. Historians have long debated its scope and effectiveness in the peaceful spread of Imperial influence.[4]
Princely states
The Baluchistan Agency consisted of three princely states:
- Kalat khanate, the premier state and only salute state (Hereditary salute of 19-guns; titles Wali, Khan; from 1739 Wali, Begler Begi, Khan), including its Jhalawan, Kacchi and Sarawan administrative divisions
- while Makran (title Nazem, later Nawwab) is quoted as either another division, a vassal state or autonomous
- and Kalat's two feudatory states
The Government of India maintained its relations with the states through its political agent in Kalat. The first agent in Balochistan was Robert Groves Sandeman (1835-1892), Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India, who was appointed by Lord Lytton, the Viceroy of India.[3]
See also
References
- ↑ The Imperial Gazetteer of India (1907-1909)
- ↑ Administration report of the Balochistan Agency for 1888–89: selections from the records of the Government of India, Foreign Department. 104pgs.
- 1 2 Balochistan Archives - Records of the Agent to the Governor General in Balochistan
- ↑ Christian Tripodi, "'Good for one but not the other': The 'Sandeman System' of Pacification as Applied to Baluchistan and the North-West Frontier, 1877-1947." Journal of Military History 73#3 (2009): 767-802. online
Coordinates: 29°01′33″N 66°35′24″E / 29.02583°N 66.59000°E