Khanate of Kalat

Kalat
Subdivision Khanate within the Mughal Empire[1][2] and Durrani Empire,[3]
Princely state of the British Raj and of Pakistan
1666–14 October 1955

Flag

Map of Pakistan with Kalat highlighted
Capital Kalat
History
 • Established 1666
 • Disestablished 14 October 1955
Area 91,909 km2 (35,486 sq mi)
Today part of Balochistan, Pakistan
Government of Balochistan
Map of the Baluchistan Agency.
This article is part of the series
Former administrative units of Pakistan

The Khanate of Kalat (Urdu and Balochi: خانیت قلات) was a princely state that existed from 1666 to 1955 in the centre of the modern-day province of Balochistan, Pakistan. Prior to that they were subjects of Mughal emperor Akbar.[1][2] Ahmedzai Baloch ruled the state independently until 1839, when it became a self-governing state in a subsidiary alliance with British India. After the signature of the Treaty of Mastung by the Khan of Kalat and the Baloch Sardars in 1876, Kalat became part of the Baluchistan Agency.[4] It was briefly independent from August 1947 till March 1948, when its khan acceded his state to the new Dominion of Pakistan. It remained a princely state of Pakistan until 1955, when it was incorporated into the country.

The state capital was the town of Kalat. The current Khan of Kalat is a ceremonial title held by Mir Suleman Dawood Jan, and efforts have been made by the Pakistani government to reconcile with him, his son Prince Mohammed, who is next in line to be the Khan of Kalat is pro-Pakistan.[5]

Geography

The Khanate of Kalat occupied the central part of the territory of modern-day Balochistan province in Pakistan. To the north was Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province).

The principal mountains are the Central Baloch, Kirthar, Pab, Siahan, Central Makran and Makran Coast Ranges, which descend in elevation from about 10,000 to 1,200 feet (370 m). The drainage of the country is almost all carried off to the south by the Nari, Mula, Hab, Porali, Hingol and Dasht rivers. The only large river draining northwards is the Rakhshan. The coast line includes Gawadar, Pasni, Sonmiani and Geewani, modern-day Pakistani Balochistan.

Subdivisions

The Khanate of Kalat included the Makran, Jhalawan, Kacchi and Sarawan administrative divisions, as well as the two feudatory states of Las Bela and Kharan

History

The Khanate of Kalat was founded in 1666 by Mir Ahmad Khan Qambrani Baloch. The Khanate reached at its peak during the period of Khan of Kalat Mir Naseer Khan Noori Ahmadzai Baloch I in 1758, who unified Kalat region under his flag.[6] The territories controlled by the state fluctuated over the centuries but eventually were established by treaties with the British Agent Robert Sandeman in the late 19th century. Parts of the state to the north and northeast were leased or ceded to form the province of British Baluchistan which later gained the status of a Chief Commissioners province.

From 15 August 1947 to 27 March 1948, the region was de facto independent before acceding to Pakistan on 27 March 1948. The Baluchistan States Union was formed on 3 October 1952 with three neighbouring states. The Khanate of Kalat ceased to exist on 14 October 1955 when the province of West Pakistan was formed.

Rulers of Kalat

The rulers of Kalat held the title of Wali originally but in 1739 also took the title (Begler Begi) Khan usually shortened to Khan. The last Khan of Kalat (Urdu and Balochi: خان قلات) had the privilege of being the President of the Council of Rulers for the Baluchistan States Union.

TenureKhan of Kalat [6]
1512-1530Mir Bijar Khan Mirwani Baloch
1530-1535Mir Zagar Khan Mirwani Baloch
1535-1547Mir Ibrahim Khan Qambrani Baloch ( Changed his Royal family name from Mirwani to Qambrani )
1547-1549Mir Gwahram Khan Qambrani Baloch
1549-1569Mir Hassan Khan Qambrani Baloch
1569-1581Mir Sanjar Khan Qambrani Baloch
1581-1590Mir Malook Khan Qambrani Baloch
1590-1601Mir Qambar Sani Khan Qambrani Baloch
1601-1610Mir Ahmad Khan Qambrani Baloch I
1610-1618Mir Suri Khan Qambrani Baloch
1618-1629Mir Qaisar Khan Qambrani Baloch
1629-1637Mir Ahmad Sani Khan Qambrani Baloch II
1637-1647Mir Altaz Khan Qambrani Baloch I
1647-1656Mir Kachi Khan Qambrani Baloch
1656-1666Mir Altaz Sani Khan Qambrani Baloch II
1666–1695Mir Ahmad I Khan Qambrani Baloch III ( Changed his Royal family name from Qambrani to Ahmadzai )
1695–1697Mir Mehrab Khan Ahmadzai Baloch I
1697–1714Mir Samandar Khan Ahmadzai Baloch ( Amir al-Umara Amir of Amirs)
1714–1716Mir Ahmad II Khan Ahmadzai Baloch
1716–1731Mir Abdullah Khan Ahmadzai Baloch ( Eagle of the Mountain and The Greatest )
1731–1749Mir Muhabbat Khan Ahmadzai Baloch ( Beglar Begi )
1749–1794 Mir Muhammad Nasir Khan I Ahmadzai Baloch ( Noori, Ghazi, Wali and The Great )
1794–1817Mir Mahmud Khan I Ahmadzai Baloch
1817 - 13 November 1839Mir Mehrab Khan Ahmadzai Baloch II
1839–1841Mir Shah Nawaz Khan Ahmadzai Baloch
1841–1857 Mir Nasir Khan II Ahmadzai Baloch
1857 - March 1863 Mir Khudadad Khan Ahmadzai Baloch (1st time); during his rule, there were seven major and many minor rebellions.
March 1863 - May 1864Mir Sherdil Khan Ahmadzai Baloch (usurped throne)
May 1864 - 15 August 1893Mir Khudadad Khan (2nd time)
10 November 1893 – 3 November 1931Mir Mahmud Khan II Ahmadzai Baloch
3 November 1931 – 10 September 1933Mir Mohammad Azam Jan Khan Ahmadzai Baloch
10 September 1933 – 14 October 1955 Mir Ahmad Yar Khan Ahmadzai Baloch (1st time);
declared independent on 5 August 1947; compelled to accede to Pakistan on 30 March 1948[7]
14 October 1955State of Kalat meged into One Unit of West Pakistan[8]
20 June 1958–1958 Mir Ahmad Yar Khan Ahmadzai Baloch (2nd time)

See also

Palace of Mir Khudadad, Khan of Kalat.

References

  1. 1 2 Treaty of Kalat between Balochistan and Afghanistan in 1758
  2. 1 2 "Baluchistan" Imperial Gazetteer of India Vol. 6, p. 277, from the Digital South Asia Library, accessed 15 January 2009
  3. ↑ http://thebaluch.com/documents/Nasir%20Khan%20Noori.pdf
  4. ↑ Balochistan Archives - Records of the Agent to the Governor General in Balochistan
  5. ↑ http://www.dawn.com/news/1191121
  6. 1 2 Naseer Dashti (8 October 2012). The Baloch and Balochistan: A Historical Account from the Beginning to the Fall of the Baloch State. Trafford Publishing. p. 280. ISBN 978-1-4669-5897-5. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  7. ↑ Siddiqi, Farhan Hanif (2012), The Politics of Ethnicity in Pakistan: The Baloch, Sindhi and Mohajir Ethnic Movements, Routledge, pp. 59–60, ISBN 978-0-415-68614-3
  8. ↑ Siddiqi, Farhan Hanif (2012), The Politics of Ethnicity in Pakistan: The Baloch, Sindhi and Mohajir Ethnic Movements, Routledge, p. 62, ISBN 978-0-415-68614-3

Further reading

Coordinates: 29°01′33″N 66°35′24″E / 29.02583°N 66.59000°E / 29.02583; 66.59000

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