1882 in science

The year 1882 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy

Great Comet as seen from Cape Town by David Gill

Italian physicist Luigi Palmieri detects helium on Earth for the first time through its D₃ spectral line when he analyzes the lava of Mount Vesuvius.^[3]

Clarence Dutton's Tertiary History of the Grand Cañon District is published by the United States Geological Survey.

German mathematician Ferdinand von Lindemann publishes proof that $π$ is a transcendental number and that squaring the circle is consequently impossible.^[4]^[5]
December – Swedish mathematician Gösta Mittag-Leffler establishes the journal Acta Mathematica.

March 28 – Paul Carl Beiersdorf patents an adhesive bandage in Germany, the foundation of the Beiersdorf company.
Vladimir Bekhterev publishes Provodiashchie puti mozga ("The Conduction Paths in the Brain and Spinal Cord"), beginning to note the role of the hippocampus in memory.

By March – Étienne-Jules Marey invents a chronophotographic gun capable of photographing 12 consecutive frames per second on the same plate.
April 29 – Werner von Siemens demonstrates his Electromote, the first form of trolleybus, in Berlin.
June 6 – Henry W. Seeley patents the electric clothes iron in the United States.^[6]
September 4 – Thomas Edison starts the world's first commercial electrical power plant, lighting one square mile of lower Manhattan.
Alfred P. Southwick publishes his proposals for use of the electric chair as an execution method in the United States.

First International Polar Year, an international scientific program, begins.
The Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, the modern-day Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys, is founded in the United Kingdom.

March 14 – Wacław Sierpiński (died 1969), Polish mathematician.
March 23 – Emmy Noether (died 1969), German mathematician.
March 30 – Melanie Klein (died 1960), Viennese-born psychoanalyst.
June 17 – Harold Gillies (died 1960), New Zealand-born plastic surgeon.
July 21 – Herbert E. Ives (died 1953), American optical engineer.
September 30 – Johannes Hans Geiger (died 1945), inventor of the Geiger counter.
October 5 – Robert Goddard (died 1945), American rocket scientist.
October 26 – Marietta Pallis (died 1963), Indian-born Graeco-British ecologist.
December 11 – Max Born (died 1970), physicist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics in 1954.
December 28 – Arthur Eddington (died 1944), astrophysicist.
Israel Aharoni (died 1946), zoologist.

↑ Plummer, William Edward (March 1889). "The great comet of September 1882". The Observatory. 12: 140–142. Bibcode:1889Obs....12..140P.
↑ Petrunkevitch, Alexander (1920). "Russia's Contribution to Science". Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. 23: 239.
↑ Stewart, Alfred Walter (2008). Recent Advances in Physical and Inorganic Chemistry. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 201. ISBN 0-554-80513-8.
↑ Lindemann, F. (1882). "Über die Zahl π". Mathematische Annalen. 20: 213–225. doi:10.1007/BF01446522.
↑ Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. pp. 21, 81. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
↑ Patent no. 259,054. "Household Amenities and Appliances: Timeline of Their Arrival". PartSelect. Retrieved 2012-01-25.

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