William Hooper Councill
William Hooper Councill (July 12, 1849 – 1909) was a former slave and the first president of Huntsville Normal School, which is today Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University in Normal, Alabama.[1]
He was born a slave in Fayetteville, North Carolina, ion July 12, 1849. His father escaped to Canada in 1854 and made several unsuccessful attempts to free his family.[2] He was taken to Huntsville, Alabama, by slave traders in 1857. He and his mother and brothers were sold as slaves from the auction block, at Green Bottom Inn to Judge David Campbell Humphreys. At this auction he saw two of his brothers sold in 1857, and never heard from again.[3] During the American Civil War, he and his brothers were taken into rural areas to keep them from the Union Army, but before the end of the war they escaped to Union lines. They attended the Freedmen's Bureau school opened by northerners in Stevenson, Alabama, in 1865 and remained until 1867, when he began teaching, the first person to teach a school for black students outside of a city in North Alabama - a position which caused frequent trouble with the Ku Klux Klan.[2]
During Reconstruction after the American Civil War, he held minor political positions in Alabama, serving as clerk in the Alabama legislature in 1872 and 1874. He was a secretary of the Colored National Civil Rights Convention in Washington, DC in 1873.[2] He taught for a time at Morris Brown College in Atlanta, Georgia and edited a newspaper, the Negro Watchman in 1874[2] in Huntsville, Alabama. He was appointed as president to AAMU in 1876 after he gave his political support to conservatives.[1] He was appointed notary public by Governor Rufus W. Cobb in 1882. In 1883, he was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of Alabama.[2]
In 1884 he married Maria H. Wheeden from Huntsville.[2]
As a contemporary of Booker T. Washington, he and Washington (who performed research at Tuskeegee Institute) often competed for favors and funds from the Alabama legislature and northern philanthropists.
In 1887 Councill attracted wide attention when he complained to the Interstate Commerce Commission of harsh treatment on the Alabama railroad. That action later prompted his superiors to relieve him of his duties as president of AAMU for one year. That experience may have helped alter his position on the proper role for a Black man to play in the South during that era, because afterwards, he advocated accommodation and acceptance of his "unctuous sycophancy," which prompted Washington to characterize him as "simply toadying to White people."[4] He served at AAMU until 1909, although Solomon T. Clanton served as acting president in 1903 when Council was ill.[5] Under his leadership, AAMU was second only to Tuskegee Institute in size among Alabama Negro industrial schools.
The first high school for blacks in Huntsville was named for him when it opened in 1867. William Hooper Councill High School closed after the schools were integrated in the 1960s.[6]
Notes
- 1 2 D. W. Culp, ed., Twentieth Century Negro Literature, Or, A Cyclopedia of Thought on the Vital Topics Relating to the American Negro Naperville, Illinois: J. L. Nichols & Co., 1902, OCLC 837541, p. 325. Released as an ebook on July 6, 2006 EBook #18772 by The Project Gutenberg
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Simmons, William J., and Henry McNeal Turner. Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising. GM Rewell & Company, 1887. p390-393
- ↑ Dennis William Simpson, The Descendants of Doctor William Simpson, Chelsea, Michigan: Bookcrafters, 1993, OCLC 30978656, pp. 47–48.
- ↑ August Meier, Negro Thought in America, 1880–1915: Racial Ideologies in the Age of Booker T. Washington, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1963, repr. 1988, ISBN 9780472642304, pp. 77, 110.
- ↑ [No Headline] American Baptist (Louisville, Kentucky) December 18, 1903, page 2, accessed October 7, 2016 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6930752/no_headline_american_baptist/
- ↑ William Hooper Councill High School Site 1892 – 1966, Historic Markers, City of Huntsville, 2010.