Thescelosauridae

Thescelosauridae Temporal range: Early Cretaceous–Late Cretaceous, 130–66 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Mounted specimen of Thescelosaurus, Burpee Museum of Natural History
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	Dinosauria
Order:	†Ornithischia
Clade:	†Neornithischia
Family:	†Thescelosauridae Sternberg, 1937
Type species
†Thescelosaurus neglectus Gilmore, 1913
Subfamilies
†Orodrominae Brown et al., 2013 †Thescelosaurinae Sternberg, 1937
Synonyms
Jeholosauridae Han et al., 2012

Thescelosauridae is a clade or family of small ornithischians which have previously been generally allied to hypsilophodontids.

Classification

Although Hypsilophodontidae was interpreted as a natural group in the early 1990s,^[2][3] this hypothesis has fallen out of favor and Hypsilophodontidae has been found to be an unnatural family composed of a variety of animals more or less closely related to Iguanodontia (paraphyly), with various small clades of closely related taxa.^{[4][5][6][7][8]} "Hypsilophodontidae" and "hypsilophodont" are better understood as informal terms for an evolutionary grade, not a true clade. Thescelosaurus has been regarded as both very basal^[3] and very derived^[6] among the hypsilophodonts. One issue that has potentially interfered with classifying Thescelosaurus is that not all of the remains assigned to T. neglectus necessarily belong to it.^[9] Clint Boyd and colleagues found that while the clade Thescelosaurus included the genus Bugenasaura and the species that had been assigned to that genus, there were at least two and possibly three species within Thescelosaurus, and several specimens previously assigned to T. neglectus could not yet be assigned to a species within the genus.^[4] It appears to be closely related to Parksosaurus.^{[4][6][7][10][11]}

Head and arms of Thescelosaurus, Rocky Mountain Dinosaur Resource Center

The dissolution of Hypsilophodontidae has been followed by the recognition of the distinct family Thescelosauridae. This area of the dinosaur family tree has historically been complicated by a lack of research, but papers by Clint Boyd and colleagues^[4] and Caleb Brown and colleagues^[10][11] have specifically addressed these dinosaurs. Boyd et al. (2009) and Brown et al. (2011) found North American "hypsilophodonts" of Cretaceous age to sort into two related clusters, one consisting of Orodromeus, Oryctodromeus, and Zephyrosaurus, and the other consisting of Parksosaurus and Thescelosaurus.^[4][10] Brown et al. (2013) recovered similar results, with the addition of the new genus Albertadromeus to the Orodromeus clade and several long-snouted Asian forms (previously described under Jeholosauridae)^[5] to the Thescelosaurus clade. They also formally defined Thescelosauridae (Thescelosaurus neglectus, Orodromeus makelai, their most recent common ancestor, and all descendants) and the smaller clades Orodrominae and Thescelosaurinae.^[11]

A recent analysis by Clint Boyd recovered Thescelosaurids outside Ornithopoda, as the sister taxon to Cerapoda.^[12]

References