Tenma

For other uses, see Tenma (disambiguation).

Tenma (Japanese for "Pegasus").

Tenma, known as ASTRO-B before launch, was Japan's second X-ray astronomy satellite, developed by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science. It was launched on February 20, 1983 using a M-3S-3 rocket as the vehicle.

Battery failure in July 1984 caused the operation to become limited, and continuing problems lead to the termination of X-ray observation in 1985. It reentered the atmosphere on January 19, 1989.

Highlights

Discovery of the iron helium-like emission from the galactic ridge
Iron line discovery and/or study in many LMXRB, HMXRB and AGN
Discovery of an absorption line at 4 keV in the X1636-536 Burst spectra

External links

Space observatories

Operating	AGILE AMS-02 Astrosat CALET Chandra (AXAF) DAMPE Fermi Gaia Hinode (Solar-B) HiRISE Hisaki (SPRINT-A) Hubble INTEGRAL IBEX IRIS Kepler LISA Pathfinder MAXI Mikhailo Lomonosov MOST NEOSSat NuSTAR Odin PAMELA R/HESSI SDO SOHO SOLAR Spektr-R Spitzer Swift TUGSAT-1 & UniBRITE-1 WISE XMM-Newton

Planned	HXMT (2017) ISS-CREAM (2017) NICER (2017) CHEOPS (2017) Nano-JASMINE (2017) Spektr-RG (2017) TESS (2017) James Webb (JWST) (2018) Solar Orbiter (SolO) (2018) K-EUSO (2019) iWF-MAXI (2019) Public Telescope (PST) (2019) Astro-1 Telescope (2020) Euclid (2020) Spektr-UV (2021) SVOM (2021) Space Solar Telescope Xuntian (2022) Solar-C (2023) PLATO (2024) Spektr-M (2025) ATHENA (2028) eLISA (2034)

Proposed	ATLAST Astro-H Succesor DIOS EXCEDE Fresnel Imager FINESSE FOCAL HDST Hypertelescope LiteBIRD LUVOIR NEOCam New Worlds Mission NRO donation to NASA Small-JASMINE Sentinel Solar-D SPICA THEIA WFIRST EUSO

Retired	Akari (Astro-F) (2006–11) ALEXIS (1993–2005) ATM (1973–74) ASCA (Astro-D) (1993–2000) Astro-1 (BBXRT HUT) (1990) Astro-2 (HUT) (1995) Astron (1983–89) ANS (1974–76) BeppoSAX (1996–2003) CHIPSat (2003–08) Compton (CGRO) (1991–2000) COROT (2006–13) Cos-B (1975–82) COBE (1989–93) EPOCh (2008) EPOXI (2010) EXOSAT (1983–86) EUVE (1992–2001) FUSE (1999–2007) Kvant-1 (1987–2001) GALEX (2003–13) Gamma (1990–92) Ginga (Astro-C) (1987–91) Granat (1989–98) Hakucho (CORSA-ｂ) (1979–85) HALCA (MUSES-B) (1997–2005) HEAO-1 (1977–79) Herschel (2009–13) Hinotori (Astro-A) (1981–91) HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.) (1978–82) HEAO-3 (1979–81) HETE-2 (2000–07?) Hipparcos (1989–93) IUE (1978–96) IRAS (1983) IRTS (1995–96) ISO (1996–98) IXAE (1996–2004) Kristall (1990–2001) LEGRI (1997–2002) MSX (1996–97) OAO-2 (1968–73) OAO-3 (Copernicus) (1972–81) Orion 1/2 (1971/1973) Planck (2009–13) RELIKT-1 (1983–84) ROSAT (1990–99) RXTE (1995–2012) SAMPEX (1992–2004) SAS-B (1972–73) SAS-C (1975–79) Suzaku (Astro-EII) (2005–15) Taiyo (SRATS) (1975-80) Tenma (Astro-B) (1983–1985) Uhuru (1970–73) WMAP (2001–10) WISE (first mission: 2009–11) Yokoh (Solar-A) (1991–2001)

Hibernating (Mission completed)	SWAS (1998–2005) TRACE (1998–2010)

Lost	OAO-1/OAO-B (1966/1970) CORSA (1976) ABRIXAS (1999) HETE (1996) WIRE (1999) Astro-E (2000) Hitomi (Astro-H) (2016)

Cancelled	Astro-G Constellation-X Darwin Destiny EChO Eddington FAME GEMS IXO JDEM LOFT SIM & SIMlite SNAP TAUVEX TPF XEUS

See also	Great Observatories program List of space telescopes List of proposed space observatories

Category

Japanese space program

JAXA
- former ISAS
- NAL
- NASDA
USEF
NICT

Astronomical
observation

Completed	Hakucho Hinotori Tenma Ginga Yohkoh ASCA HALCA Akari Suzaku

In operation	Hinode Hisaki

Failed	Hitomi¹

Planned	Nano-JASMINE Astro-H Succesor LiteBIRD SPICA² ATHENA²

Cancelled	Astro-G

Communications,
broadcasting and
positioning

Completed	Sakura (1 2a 2b 3a 3b) Yuri 1 2a 2b 3a 3b BS 2X 3H 3N Kakehashi N-STAR a b Kirari MBSat

In operation	Kodama Kizuna N-STAR c d MTSAT QZSS Michibiki

Planned	QZSS QZS-2 QZS-3 QZS-4 JDRS

Earth observation

Completed	Taiyo Kyokko Jikiken Denpa Ohozora Ume 1 b Fuyo-1 Momo 1 1b Midori I II Daichi Akebono

In operation	GEOTAIL¹ Himawari Aqua¹⁷ TRMM¹ Ibuki Shizuku GPM¹ Daichi-2 Arase

Planned	GCOM-C GOSAT-2 EarthCARE² Advanced Optical Satellite Advanced Radar Satellite ASNARO

Engineering tests

Completed	Ohsumi Shinsei Kiku 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tansei 1 2 3 4 Ayame 1 2 Jindai Orizuru Myojo Ryusei EXPRESS SFU LDREX 1 2 LRE Tsubasa DASH USERS Micro LabSat-1 SERVIS-1 SERVIS-2 SDS-1

In operation	Ajisai Reimei Kiku-8 IKAROS SDS-4

Planned	SLATS Next Engineering Satellite SERVIS-3

Cancelled	SmartSat-1 PETSAT

Human spaceflight

Completed	H-II Transfer Vehicle 1 2 3 4 5

In operation	International Space Station (ISS) & Kibo¹²³⁴⁵⁶

Planned	H-II Transfer Vehicle 6 7 8 9 X1

Cancelled	HOPE-X Fuji manned spacecraft

Lunar and
planetary exploration

Completed	Sakigake Suisei Hiten Hayabusa Kaguya (SELENE)

In operation	Akatsuki Hayabusa 2 PROCYON

Failed	Nozomi Shin'en

Planned	BepiColombo (MMO)² EQUULEUS OMOTENASHI SLIM JUICE² MMX Trojan asteroid exploration SELENE-R MELOS

Cancelled	Lunar-A Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter

Private
miniaturized satellites

Completed	Fuji 1 2 Kanta-kun (WEOS) HIT-SAT CUTE 1.7+APD Maido-1 Kūkai Kagayaki Negai☆″ Waseda-SAT2 Hayato WE WISH Niwaka RAIKO CosMoz

In operation	Fuji-3 CUTE 1 1.7+APDII XI IV V SEEDS Raijin Kiseki Hitomi Horyu 2 PROITERES RISING-2 SOCRATES

Planned	WNI satellite SPROUT TSUBAME QSAT-EOS SOMESAT

Reconnaissance

Completed	IGS-Optical 1 2 Experimentally 3 IGS-Radar 1 2

In operation	IGS-Optical 3 4 5 Experimentally 5 IGS-Rader 3 4 Spare

Planned	IGS-Optical 6 7 8 IGS-Rader 5 6 7 8

Italics indicates projects in development.
Superscripts indicate joint development with¹NASA, ²ESA, ³ASI, ⁴CSA, ⁵RKA, ⁶AEB and ⁷INPE.

← 1982 · Orbital launches in 1983 · 1984 →

Kosmos 1428 \| Kosmos 1429 · Kosmos 1430 · Kosmos 1431 · Kosmos 1432 · Kosmos 1433 · Kosmos 1434 · Kosmos 1435 · Kosmos 1436 \| Kosmos 1437 \| Unnamed \| IRAS · PIX-2 \| Kosmos 1438 \| Sakura 2a \| Kosmos 1439 \| OPS 0252 · OPS 0252 SSU-1 · OPS 0252 SSU-2 · OPS 0252 SSU-3 · LIPS-2 \| Kosmos 1440 \| Kosmos 1441 \| Tenma \| Kosmos 1442 \| Kosmos 1443 \| Kosmos 1444 \| Molniya-3 No.34 \| Ekran No.18L \| Kosmos 1445 \| Kosmos 1446 \| Molniya-1-56 \| Astron \| Kosmos 1447 \| NOAA-8 \| Kosmos 1448 \| Kosmos 1449 \| Molniya-1 No.68 \| STS-6 (TDRS-1) \| Kosmos 1450 \| Gran' No.23L \| Kosmos 1451 \| Satcom 1R \| Kosmos 1452 \| OPS 2925 \| Rohini RS-D2 \| Kosmos 1453 \| Soyuz T-8 \| Kosmos 1454 \| Kosmos 1455 \| Kosmos 1456 \| Kosmos 1457 \| Kosmos 1458 \| GOES 6 \| Kosmos 1459 \| Kosmos 1460 \| Kosmos 1461 \| Kosmos 1462 \| Kosmos 1463 \| Intelsat V F-6 \| Kosmos 1464 \| Kosmos 1465 \| Kosmos 1466 \| EXOSAT \| Kosmos 1467 \| Venera 15 \| Venera 16 \| Kosmos 1468 \| OPS 6432 · OPS 6432 SSU-1 · OPS 6432 SSU-2 · OPS 6432 SSU-3 \| Kosmos 1469 \| ECS-1 · OSCAR-10 \| STS-7 (Anik C2 · Palapa B1 · SPAS-01 · OSTA-2) \| OPS 0721 · OPS 3899 \| Kosmos 1470 \| Soyuz T-9 \| HILAT \| Kosmos 1471 \| Galaxy 1 \| Gorizont No.17L \| Prognoz 9 \| Kosmos 1472 \| Kosmos 1473 · Kosmos 1474 · Kosmos 1475 · Kosmos 1476 · Kosmos 1477 · Kosmos 1478 · Kosmos 1479 · Kosmos 1480 \| Kosmos 1481 \| Kosmos 1482 \| OPS 7994 \| Molniya-1 No.66 \| Kosmos 1483 \| Kosmos 1484 \| Kosmos 1485 \| Telstar 301 \| OPS 7304 \| Kosmos 1486 \| Kosmos 1487 \| Sakura 2b \| Kosmos 1488 \| Kosmos 1489 \| Kosmos 1490 · Kosmos 1491 · Kosmos 1492 \| Progress 17 \| Fanhui Shi Weixing 6 \| Kosmos 1493 \| Gran' No.24L \| STS-8 (INSAT-1B) \| Molniya-3 No.32 \| Kosmos 1494 \| Kosmos 1495 \| Kosmos 1496 \| Satcom 2R \| Kosmos 1497 \| Kosmos 1498 \| Kosmos 1499 \| Galaxy-2 \| Soyuz 7K-ST No. 16L \| Kosmos 1500 \| Ekran No.25L \| Kosmos 1501 \| Kosmos 1502 \| Kosmos 1503 \| Kosmos 1504 \| Intelsat V F-7 \| Progress 18 \| Kosmos 1505 \| Kosmos 1506 \| Meteor-2 No.10 \| Kosmos 1507 \| Kosmos 1508 \| Kosmos 1509 \| OPS 1294 \| Molniya-1 No.48 \| Kosmos 1510 \| STS-9 \| Kosmos 1511 \| Gorizont No.18L \| Kosmos 1512 \| Kosmos 1513 \| Kosmos 1514 \| Kosmos 1515 \| Molniya-3 No.35 \| Kosmos 1516 \| Kosmos 1517 \| Kosmos 1518 \| Kosmos 1519 · Kosmos 1520 · Kosmos 1521

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( \| ). Manned flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).

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