STS-40

STS-40

View of Columbia's payload bay showing Spacelab
Mission type Biosciences
Operator NASA
COSPAR ID 1991-040A
SATCAT № 21399
Mission duration 9 days, 2 hours, 14 minutes, 20 seconds
Distance travelled 6,083,223 kilometers (3,779,940 mi)
Orbits completed 146
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft Space Shuttle Columbia
Landing mass 102,283 kilograms (225,495 lb)
Payload mass 12,374 kilograms (27,280 lb)
Crew
Crew size 7
Members Bryan D. O'Connor
Sidney M. Gutierrez
James P. Bagian
Tamara E. Jernigan
M. Rhea Seddon
F. Drew Gaffney
Millie Hughes-Fulford
Start of mission
Launch date 5 June 1991, 13:24:51 (1991-06-05UTC13:24:51Z) UTC
Launch site Kennedy LC-39B
End of mission
Landing date 14 June 1991, 15:39:11 (1991-06-14UTC15:39:12Z) UTC
Landing site Edwards Runway 22
Orbital parameters
Reference system Geocentric
Regime Low Earth
Perigee 287 kilometres (178 mi)
Apogee 296 kilometres (184 mi)
Inclination 39.0 degrees
Period 90.4 min


Left to right - front row: Gaffney, Fulford, Seddon, Bagian; Back row: O'Connor, Jernigan, Gutierrez


Space Shuttle program
 STS-39 STS-43

STS-40, the eleventh launch of Space Shuttle Columbia, was a nine-day mission in June, 1991. It carried the Spacelab module for Spacelab Life Sciences 1 (SLS-1), the fifth Spacelab mission and the first dedicated solely to biology. STS-40 was the first spaceflight that included three women crew members.

Crew

Position Astronaut
Commander Bryan D. O'Connor
Second spaceflight
Pilot Sidney M. Gutierrez
First spaceflight
Mission Specialist 1 James P. Bagian
Second spaceflight
Mission Specialist 2 Tamara E. Jernigan
First spaceflight
Mission Specialist 3 M. Rhea Seddon
Second spaceflight
Payload Specialist 1 F. Drew Gaffney
First spaceflight
Payload Specialist 2 Millie Hughes-Fulford
First spaceflight

Backup crew

Position Astronaut
Payload Specialist 2 Robert W. Phillips
First spaceflight

Crew seating arrangements

Seat[1] Launch Landing
Seats 1–4 are on the Flight Deck. Seats 5–7 are on the Middeck.
S1 O'Connor O'Connor
S2 Gutierrez Gutierrez
S3 Bagian Seddon
S4 Jernigan Jernigan
S5 Seddon Bagian
S6 Gaffney Gaffney
S7 Hughes-Fulford Hughes-Fulford

Mission highlights

Launch originally set for 22 May 1991. Mission postponed less than 48 hours before launch when it became known that a leaking liquid hydrogen transducer in orbiter main propulsion system which was removed and replaced during leak testing in 1990, had failed an analysis by vendor. Engineers feared that one or more of the nine liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen transducers protruding into fuel and oxidizer lines could break off and be ingested by the engine turbopumps, causing engine failure.

In addition, one of orbiter five general purpose computers failed completely, along with one of the multiplexer demultiplexers that control orbiter hydraulics ordinance and orbiter maneuvering system / reaction control system functions in the aft compartment.

A new general purpose computer and multiplexer demultiplexer were installed and tested. One liquid hydrogen and two liquid oxygen transducers were replaced upstream in propellant flow system near the 17-inch (43 cm) disconnect area, which is protected by internal screen. Three liquid oxygen transducers replaced at engine manifold area, while three liquid hydrogen transducers here were removed and openings plugged. Launch reset for 8 am EDT, 1 June, but postponed again after several attempts to calibrate inertial measurement unit 2 failed. Unit was replaced and retested, and launch was rescheduled for 5 June. Launched successfully on 5 June 1991, at 9:24:51 am EDT., the mission had a launch Weight: 114,290 kilograms (251,970 lb).

It was the fifth dedicated Spacelab mission, Spacelab Life Sciences-1, and first dedicated solely to life sciences, using the habitable module. Mission featured most detailed and interrelated physiological measurements in space since 19731974 Skylab missions. Subjects were humans, 30 rodents and thousands of tiny jellyfish. Primary SLS-1 experiments studied six body systems; of 18 investigations, ten involved humans, seven involved rodents, and one used jellyfish.

Six body systems investigated were cardiovascular/cardiopulmonary (heart, lungs and blood vessels); renal/endocrine (kidneys and hormone-secreting organs and glands); blood (blood plasma); immune system (white blood cells); musculoskeletal (muscles and bones); and neurovestibular (brains and nerves, eyes and inner ear). Other payloads included twelve Getaway Special (GAS) canisters installed on GAS bridge in cargo bay for experiments in materials science, plant biology and cosmic radiation (see G-616); Middeck Zero-Gravity Dynamics Experiment (MODE); and seven Orbiter Experiments (OEX).

Landing was on 14 June 1991, at 8:39:11 am PDT, on Runway 22, at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Rollout distance: 2,866 metres (9,403 ft). Rollout time: 55 seconds. Orbiter returned to KSC 21 June. Landing Weight: 102,755 kilograms (226,536 lb).

See also

References

  1. "STS-40". Spacefacts. Retrieved 26 February 2014.

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