STS-107

For detailed information on the accident, see Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
STS-107

Launch of Columbia
Mission type Microgravity research
Operator NASA
COSPAR ID 2003-003A
SATCAT № 27647
Mission duration 15 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes, 32 seconds
Distance travelled 6,600,000 miles (10,600,000 km)
Orbits completed 255
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft Space Shuttle Columbia
Launch mass 263,706 pounds (119,615 kg)
Landing mass 232,793 pounds (105,593 kg) (expected)
Payload mass 32,084 pounds (14,553 kg)
Crew
Crew size 7
Members Rick D. Husband
William C. McCool
David M. Brown
Kalpana Chawla
Michael P. Anderson
Laurel B. Clark
Ilan Ramon
Start of mission
Launch date January 16, 2003 15:39:00 (2003-01-16UTC15:39Z) UTC
Launch site Kennedy LC-39A
End of mission
Decay date February 1, 2003, 13:59:32 (2003-02-01UTC13:59:33Z) UTC
Disintegrated during reentry
Landing site Kennedy SLF Runway 33 (planned)
Orbital parameters
Reference system Geocentric
Regime Low Earth
Perigee 170 miles (270 km)
Apogee 177 miles (285 km)
Inclination 39.0 degrees
Period 90.1 minutes


Rear (L-R): David Brown, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, Ilan Ramon;
Front (L-R): Rick Husband, Kalpana Chawla, William McCool

Space Shuttle program
← STS-113 STS-114 →

STS-107 was the 113th flight of the Space Shuttle program, and the disastrous final flight of Space Shuttle Columbia. The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center in Florida on January 16, 2003, and during its 15 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes, 32 seconds in orbit conducted a multitude of international scientific experiments.[1]

The seven members of the crew were killed on February 1 when Columbia disintegrated during reentry into the atmosphere. The Columbia Accident Investigation Board determined the failure was caused by a piece of foam that broke off during launch and damaged the thermal protection system (reinforced carbon-carbon panels and thermal protection tiles) on the leading edge of the orbiter's left wing. During re-entry the damaged wing slowly overheated and came apart, eventually leading to loss of control and disintegration of the vehicle. The cockpit window frame is now exhibited in a memorial inside the Space Shuttle Atlantis Pavilion at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

Mission highlights

STS-107 carried the SPACEHAB Double Research Module on its inaugural flight, the Freestar experiment (mounted on a Hitchhiker Program rack), and the Extended Duration Orbiter pallet. SPACEHAB was first flown on STS 57.

One of the experiments, a video taken to study atmospheric dust, may have detected a new atmospheric phenomenon, dubbed a "TIGER" (Transient Ionospheric Glow Emission in Red).[2]

On board Columbia was a copy of a drawing by Petr Ginz, the editor-in-chief of the magazine Vedem, who depicted what he imagined the Earth looked like from the Moon when he was a 14-year-old prisoner in the Terezín concentration camp. The copy was in the possession of Ilan Ramon and was lost in the crash. Ramon also traveled with a dollar bill received from the Lubavitcher Rebbe.[3]

An Australian experiment, conducted by students from Glen Waverley Secondary College, was designed to test the reaction of zero gravity on the web formation of the Garden Orb Spider.[4]

Crew

Position Astronaut
Commander United States Rick D. Husband, USAF
Second spaceflight
Pilot United States William C. McCool, USN
First spaceflight
Mission Specialist 1 United States David M. Brown, USN
First spaceflight
Mission Specialist 2 India/United States Kalpana Chawla
Second spaceflight
Mission Specialist 3 United States Michael P. Anderson, USAF
Second spaceflight
Mission Specialist 4 United States Laurel B. Clark, USN
First spaceflight
Payload Specialist 1 Israel Ilan Ramon, IAF
First spaceflight

Insignia

STS-107 Robbins Medallion

The central element of the patch is the microgravity symbol, µg, flowing into the rays of the astronaut symbol.

The mission inclination is portrayed by the 39 degree angle of the astronaut symbol to the Earth's horizon. The sunrise is representative of the numerous experiments that are the dawn of a new era for continued microgravity research on the International Space Station and beyond. The breadth of science and the exploration of space is illustrated by the Earth and stars. The constellation Columba (the dove) was chosen to symbolize peace on Earth and the Space Shuttle Columbia. The seven stars also represent the mission crew members and honor the original astronauts who paved the way to make research in space possible. Six stars have five points, the seventh has six points like a Star of David, symbolizing the Israeli Space Agency's contributions to the mission.

An Israeli flag is adjacent to the name of Payload Specialist Ramon, who was the first Israeli in space. The crew insignia or 'patch' design was initiated by crew members Dr. Laurel Clark and Dr. Kalpana Chawla.[5] First-time crew member Clark provided most of the design concepts as Chawla led the design of her maiden voyage STS-87 insignia. Clark also pointed out that the dove in the Columba constellation was mythologically connected to the explorers 'The Argonauts' who released the dove.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "HSF - STS-107 Science". NASA. 30 May 2003. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  2. ↑ "Columbia crew saw new atmospheric phenomenon". Newscientist.com. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  3. ↑ Brown, Irene (January 27, 2003). "Israeli astronaut busy up in space". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
  4. ↑ "Australian space spiders perish". smh.com.au. 2003-02-02. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  5. ↑ "Space Shuttle – STS-107". Spacepatches.nl. 16 January 2003. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  6. ↑ "Constellation Columba". coldwater.k12.mi.us. Archived from the original on 23 January 2009. Retrieved 2 September 2012.

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Literature

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