Pyranoanthocyanin

The pyranoanthocyanins are a type of pyranoflavonoids. They are chemical compounds formed in red wines by yeast during fermentation processes[1] or during controlled oxygenation processes[2] during the aging of wine.[3] The different classes of pyranoanthocyanins are carboxypyranoanthocyanins, methylpyranoanthocyanins, pyranoanthocyanin-flavanols, pyranoanthocyanin-phenols, portisins, oxovitisins and pyranoanthocyanin dimers; their general structure includes an additional ring (formed between the OH group at C-5 and the C-4 of the anthocyanin pyranic ring) that may have different substituents linked directly at C-10.[4]

Examples

Vitisin A type

Vitisin B type

Oxovitisins

Oxovitisins are pyranone-anthocyanin derivatives[8]

Pinotin type

Flavanyl-pyranoanthocyanin type

References

  1. He, Jingren; Santos-Buelga, Celestino; Mateus, Nuno; De Freitas, Victor (2006). "Isolation and quantification of oligomeric pyranoanthocyanin-flavanol pigments from red wines by combination of column chromatographic techniques". Journal of Chromatography A. 1134 (1–2): 215–25. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2006.09.011. PMID 16997314.
  2. Atanasova, Vessela; Fulcrand, Hélène; Cheynier, Véronique; Moutounet, Michel (2002). "Effect of oxygenation on polyphenol changes occurring in the course of wine-making". Analytica Chimica Acta. 458: 15. doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(01)01617-8.
  3. Brouillard, R; Chassaing, S; Fougerousse, A (2003). "Why are grape/fresh wine anthocyanins so simple and why is it that red wine color lasts so long?". Phytochemistry. 64 (7): 1179–86. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00518-1. PMID 14599515.
  4. De Freitas, V; Mateus, N (2011). "Formation of pyranoanthocyanins in red wines: A new and diverse class of anthocyanin derivatives". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 401 (5): 1463–73. doi:10.1007/s00216-010-4479-9. PMID 21181135.
  5. Wirth, J.; Morel-Salmi, C.; Souquet, J.M.; Dieval, J.B.; Aagaard, O.; Vidal, S.; Fulcrand, H.; Cheynier, V. (2010). "The impact of oxygen exposure before and after bottling on the polyphenolic composition of red wines". Food Chemistry. 123: 107. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.04.008.
  6. 1 2 Nixdorf, Suzana Lucy; Hermosín-Gutiérrez, Isidro (2010). "Brazilian red wines made from the hybrid grape cultivar Isabel: Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity". Analytica Chimica Acta. 659 (1–2): 208–15. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2009.11.058. PMID 20103126.
  7. Mateus, N; Oliveira, J; Haettich-Motta, M; De Freitas, V (2004). "New Family of Bluish Pyranoanthocyanins". Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. 2004 (5): 299–305. doi:10.1155/S1110724304404033. PMC 1082895Freely accessible. PMID 15577193.
  8. Oxovitisins: A New Class of Neutral Pyranone-anthocyanin Derivatives in Red Wines. Jingren He, Joana Oliveira, Artur M. S. Silva, Nuno Mateus and Victor De Freitas, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58 (15), pages 8814–8819, doi:10.1021/jf101408q
  9. Oxidative formation and structural characterisation of new α-pyranone (lactone) compounds of non-oxonium nature originated from fruit anthocyanins. Jingren He, Artur M.S. Silva, Nuno Mateus and Victor de Freitas, Food Chemistry, Volume 127, Issue 3, 1 August 2011, pages 984–992, doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.069
  10. Anthocyanins and Their Variation in Red Wines II. Anthocyanin Derived Pigments and Their Color Evolution. Fei He, Na-Na Liang, Lin Mu, Qiu-Hong Pan, Jun Wang, Malcolm J. Reeves and Chang-Qing Duan, Molecules, 2012, 17, pages 1483-1519, doi:10.3390/molecules17021483

See also

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