Lombard regional election, 1995

Lombard regional election, 1995
Lombardy
23 April 1995

All 90[1] seats to the Regional Council of Lombardy
Turnout 84.24% (Decrease 6.97%)
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Leader Roberto Formigoni Diego Masi Francesco Speroni
Party United Christian Democrats Pact of Democrats Lega Nord
Last election N.A N.A. 15 seats, 18.9%
Seats won 54 19 12
Seat change N.A. N.A. Decrease3
Popular vote 2,200,921 1,462,438 937,649
Percentage 41.6% 27.6% 17.7%
Swing N.A. N.A. Decrease1.2%

President before election

Paolo Arrigoni
Lega Nord

President-elect

Roberto Formigoni
CDU

The Lombard regional election of 1995 took place on 23 April 1995. The 6th term of the Regional Council was chosen.

For the first time the President of the Region was directly elected by the people, although the election was not yet binding and the President-elect could have been replaced during the term.

Roberto Formigoni (United Christian Democrats, then Forza Italia) was elected President of the Region, defeating Diego Masi (Pact of Democrats) and Francesco Speroni (Lega Nord).

Electoral law

Lombardy used for the first time the national Tatarella Law to elect its Council. Sixty-four councillors are elected in provincial constituencies by proportional representation using the largest remainder method with a Droop quota and open lists; remained seats and votes are grouped at regional level where a Hare quota is used, and then distributed to provincial party lists.

Sixteen councillors are elected at-large using a general ticket: parties are grouped in alliances, and the alliance which receives a plurality of votes elects all its candidates, its leader becoming the President of Lombardy. If an alliance wins more than 60% of votes, only 8 candidates from the regional list will be chosen and the number of those elected in provincial constituencies will be 72; if the winning alliance receives less than 50% of votes, special seats are added to the Council to ensure a large majority for the President's coalition.

Council apportionment

According to the official 1991 Italian census, the 64 Council seats which must be covered by proportional representation were so distributed between Lombard provinces.

 BG   BS   CO   CR   LC   LO   MN   MI   PV   SO   VA  total
7 8 4 2 2 1 3 27 3 1 6 64

The allocation is not fixed. Remaining seats and votes after proportional distribution, are all grouped at regional level and divided by party lists. The consequent division of these seats at provincial level usually change the original apportionment. Only 41 seats were directly assigned at provincial level, and the final distribution between provinces changed in this way.

 BG   BS   CO   CR   LC   LO   MN   MI   PV   SO   VA  total
+3 +3 +1 = = = -1 +1 +2 = +1 +10

As it can be seen, the simple plurality victory of the Pole of Freedoms caused the distribution of ten more seats to the President's majority at provincial level. Brescia and Como and Pavia received two new seats, Bergamo and Lodi and Milan and Varese one each.

Results

In the context of the profound political changes that invested Italy between 1992 and 1994, Italian Parliament changed the regional electoral law, adapting them to new majoritarian principle now in vogue in the country, trim and tend bipolar politics. The new political geography, however, did not fit properly to Lombardy where, besides a garrison of far left, assumed significant importance the presence of Umberto Bossi's Northern League, during the previous five years had not made any secret to aim the conquest of the Regional Presidency as a key step for a transformation of Italy in a federal state. In addition to the League, however, another major innovation had originated in Lombardy in 1994: the descent into the political field of Silvio Berlusconi, who by its movement Forza Italia had collected anti-Communist orphans of deceased traditional parties.

The central political alliances had not been followed up at Lombardy, with the League in sharp contrast with Forza Italia, not only for connecting the latter with the newly formed training nationalist and post-fascist of National Alliance, but mainly because the entrance into the political arena of Forza Italia, accused by the League to be the trojan horse for the recycling of the old political class, had led to the arrest of the Northern League's electoral steady ascent - which had previously yielded the capture of the City of Milan in 1993 - if not also a marked reflux into the consent of the federalist party.

Election on April 23 saw the success of the broad coalition of rightist Berlusconi, grouping conservative ex-Democrats, ex-socialist, liberals and post-fascist, and led to presidency Communion and Liberation's Roberto Formigoni that, with the majority premium, was able to give life to the first council in the history of the region that managed to last the entire legislature. They left much to be defeated forces of the left, but especially those of the League, whose disappointment was not alien to the radicalization which went towards the program of the movement in next year's national election.

 
Candidates Regional lists Provincial lists Total
votes % seats Parties votes % swing seats party group
Roberto Formigoni 2,386,732 41.07 16 Forza Italia-People's Pole 1,455,706 29.24 new 28 38 54
National Alliance 496,939 9.98 new 8 12
Christian Democratic Centre 110,058 2.21 new 2 4
Pensioners of Soleil 14,518 0.29 new - -
Diego Masi 1,591,417 27.39 - Democratic Party of the Left 821,280 16.50 new 11 11 19
Italian People's Party 321,314 6.45 new 4 4
Federation of the Greens 154,624 3.11 Decrease2.1 2 2
Pact of Democrats 146,293 2.94 new 2 2
Labour Federation 18,682 0.38 new - -
Populars and Democrats 11,146 0.22 new - -
Francesco Speroni 1,087,128 18.71 - Lega LombardaLega Nord 879,139 17.66 Decrease1.2 12 12 12
Giuseppe Torri 459,051 7.90 - Communist Refoundation Party 381,221 7.66 new 5 5 5
Marco Pannella 165,838 2.85 - Pannella List 90,445 1.82 Increase0.8 - - -
Autonomist Front 5.596 0.11 new - -
Carlo Fatuzzo 120,665 2.08 - Pensioners' Party 71,608 1.44 Decrease0.4 - - -
Total candidates 5,810,831 100.00 16 Total parties 4,978,569 100.00 = 74 90 90

Source: Ministry of the Interior

References

  1. Ten special seats added according to new electoral law.
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