List of state leaders in the 5th century BC

State leaders in the 6th century BC – State leaders in the 4th century BC – State leaders by year

This is a list of state leaders in the 5th century BC (500–401 BC).

Africa: North

Carthage

Carthage: Magonids (complete list) –

Hamilcar I, King (c.510–480 BC)
Hanno II, King (480–440 BC)
Himilco I, King ((in Sicily) 460–410 BC)
Hannibal I, King (440–406 BC)
Himilco II, King (406–396 BC)

Cyrene

Cyrene (complete list) –

Battus IV, King (515–465 BC)
Arcesilaus IV, King (465–440 BC)

Egypt: Late Period

Twenty-eighth Dynasty of the Late Period (complete list) –

Amyrtaeus, Pharaoh (404–398 BC)

Kush

Kush (complete list) –

Amaniastabarqa, King (510–487 BC)
Siaspiqa, King (487–468 BC))
Nasakhma, King (468–463 BC)
Malewiebamani, King (463–435 BC)
Talakhamani, King (435–431 BC)
Amanineteyerike, King (431–405 BC)
Baskakeren, King (405–404 BC)
Harsiotef, King (404–369 BC)

Asia

Asia: East

China: Spring and Autumn period (771–c.453 BC)

Zhou, China: Eastern Zhou (complete list) –

Jìng, King (519–477 BC)
Yuan, King (476–469 BC)
Zhending, King (468–441 BC)

Cai (complete list) –

Zhao, Marquis (518–491 BC)
Cheng, Marquis (490–472 BC)
Sheng, Marquis (471–457 BC)
Yuan, Marquis (456–451 BC)
Qi, Marquis (450–447 BC)

Cao (complete list) –

Cao Bo yang, ruler (501–487 BC)

Chen (complete list) –

Hui, Duke (6th–5th century BC)
Huai, Duke (c.5th century BC)
Min, Duke (5th century BC)

Chu (complete list) –

Zhao, King (515–489 BC)
Hui, King (488–432 BC)
Jian, King (431–408 BC)

Jin (complete list) –

Ding, Duke (511–475 BC)
Chu, Duke (474–452 BC)
Jing, Duke (451–434 BC)
You, Duke (433–416 BC)
Lie, Duke (415–389 BC)

Lu (complete list) –

Ding, Duke (509–495 BC)
Ai, Duke (494–467 BC)
Dao, Duke (466–429 BC)
Yuan, Duke (428–408 BC)
Mu, Duke (407–377 BC)

Qi: House of Jiang (complete list) –

Jing, Duke (547–490 BC)
An Ruzi, ruler (489 BC)
Dao, Duke (488–485 BC)
Jian, Duke (484–481 BC)
Ping, Duke (480–456 BC)
Xuan, Duke (455–405 BC)

Qin (complete list) –

Hui I, Duke (500–492 BC)
Dao, Duke (491–477 BC)
Ligong, Duke (476–443 BC)

Song (complete list) –

Jing, Duke (516–451 BC)
Zhao, Duke (450–404 BC)
Dao, Duke (403–396 BC)

Wey (complete list) –

Ling, Duke (534–493 BC)
Chu, Duke (492–481 BC)
Zhuang, Duke (480–478 BC)

Wu (complete list) –

Helü, King (515–496 BC)
Fuchai, King (495–473 BC)

Yue (complete list) –

King Yunchang of Yue, King (?─497 BC)
King Goujian of Yue, King (496─465 BC)
King Luying of Yue, King (465─459 BC)
King Bushou of Yue, King (459─449 BC)
King Weng of Yue, King (449─412 BC)
King Yi of Yue, King (412─376 BC)

Zheng (complete list) –

Sheng, Duke (500–463 BC)
Ai, Duke (462–455 BC)
Gong, Duke (455–424 BC)
You, Duke (423 BC)
Xu, Duke (422–396 BC)

China: Warring States period (c.453–221 BC)

Zhou, China: Eastern Zhou (complete list) –

Zhending, King (468–441 BC)
Ai, King (441 BC)
Si, King (441 BC)
Kao, King (440–426 BC)
Weilie, King (425–402 BC)
An, King (401–376 BC)

Chu (complete list) –

Jian, King (431–408 BC)
Sheng, King (407–402 BC)
Dao, King (401–381 BC)

Han (complete list) –

Wuzi, ruler (424–409 BC)
Jing, Marquess (408–400 BC)

Qi: House of Jiang (complete list) –

Xuan, Duke (455–405 BC)
Kang, Duke (404–386 BC)

Qi: House of Tian (complete list) –

Tai, Duke (404–384 BC)

Qin (complete list) –

Ligong, Duke (476–443 BC)
Zao, Duke (442–429 BC)
Huai, Duke (428–425 BC)
Ling, Duke (424–415 BC)
Jian, Duke (414–400 BC)

Wei (complete list) –

Wen, Marquess (445–396 BC)

Zhao (complete list) –

Xian, Marquess (424–409 BC)
Lie, Marquess (409–387 BC)

Asia: South

India

Magadha: Haryanka dynasty (complete list) –

Bimbisara (c.544–c.492 BC)
Ajatashatru (c.492–c.460 BCE)
Udayin, King (c.460–c.440 BC)
Anuruddha, King (c.440 BC–?)
Munda, King (?–c.437 BC)
Nāgadāsaka, King (c.437–c.413 BC)

Magadha: Shishunaga dynasty (complete list) –

Shishunaga, King (413–395 BC)

Sri Lanka

Kingdom of Upatissa Nuwara (complete list) –

Panduvasdeva, King (504–474 BC)
Abhaya, King (474–454 BC)
Tissa, King (454–437 BC)
Pandukabhaya, King (437–377 BC)

Asia: West

Bosporan Kingdom:Spartocids dynasty (complete list) –

Spartocus I, King (438–433 BC)
Satyrus I, King (433–389 BC)
Seleucus, King (433–393 BC)

First Persian Empire/ Achaemenid Empire (complete list) –

Darius I, King of Kings (522–486 BC)
Xerxes I, King of Kings (485–465 BC)
Artaxerxes I, King of Kings (464–424 BC)
Xerxes II, Great King, Shah (424 BC)
Sogdianus, Great King, Shah (424–423 BC)
Darius II, Great King, Shah (423–404 BC)
Artaxerxes II, Great King, Shah (404–358 BC)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

Athens (complete list) –

Hermocreon, Archon (501–500 BC)

Smyrus (?), Archon (500–499 BC)^[1]

Archias, Archon (497–496 BC)^[2]

Hipparchus, Archon (496–495 BC)

Philippus, Archon (495–494 BC)

Pythocritus, Archon (494–493 BC)

Themistocles, Archon (493–492 BC)

Diognetus, Archon (492–491 BC)

Hybrilides, Archon (491–490 BC)

Phaenippus, Archon (490–489 BC)

Aristides the Just, Archon (489–488 BC)

Anchises, Archon (488–487 BC)

Telesinus, Archon (487–486 BC)^[3]

Philocrates, Archon (485–484 BC)

Leostratus, Archon (484–483 BC)

Nicodemus, Archon (483–482 BC)

Hypsichides, Archon (481–480 BC)

Calliades, Archon (480–479 BC)^[4]

Xanthippus, Archon (479–478 BC)

Timosthenes, Archon (478–477 BC)

Adimantus, Archon (477–476 BC)

Phaedon, Archon (476–475 BC)

Dromoclides, Archon (475–474 BC)

Acestorides, Archon (474–473 BC)

Menon, Archon (473–472 BC)

Chares, Archon (472–471 BC)

Praxiergus, Archon (471–470 BC)

Demotion, Archon (470–469 BC)

Apsephion, Archon (469–468 BC)

Theagenides, Archon (468–467 BC)

Lysistratus, Archon (467–466 BC)

Lysanias, Archon (466–465 BC)

Lysitheus, Archon (465–464 BC)

Archedemides, Archon (464–463 BC)

Tlepolemus, Archon (463–462 BC)

Conon, Archon (462–461 BC)

Euthippus, Archon (461–460 BC)

Phrasicles, Archon (460–459 BC)

Philocles, Archon (459–458 BC)

Habron, Archon (458–457 BC)

Mnesitheides, Archon (457–456 BC)

Callias, Archon (456–455 BC)

Sosistratus, Archon (455–454 BC)

Ariston, Archon (454–453 BC)

Lysicrates, Archon (453–452 BC)

Chaerephanes, Archon (452–451 BC)

Antidotus, Archon (451–450 BC)

Euthydemus, Archon (450–449 BC)

Pedieus, Archon (449–448 BC)

Philiscus, Archon (448–447 BC)

Timarchides, Archon (447–446 BC)

Callimachus, Archon (446–445 BC)

Lysimachides, Archon (445–444 BC)

Praxiteles, Archon (444–443 BC)

Lysanias, Archon (443–442 BC)

Diphilus, Archon (442–441 BC)

Timocles, Archon (441–440 BC)

Morychides, Archon (440–439 BC)

Glaukinos, Archon (439–438 BC)

Theodorus, Archon (438–437 BC)

Euthymenes, Archon (437–436 BC)

Lysimachus, Archon (436–435 BC)

Antiochides, Archon (435–434 BC)

Krates, Archon (434–433 BC)

Apseudes, Archon (433–432 BC)

Pythodorus, Archon (432–431 BC)

Euthydemus, Archon (431–430 BC)

Apollodorus, Archon (430–429 BC)

Epameinon, Archon (429–428 BC)

Diotimus, Archon (428–427 BC)

Eukles, Archon (427–426 BC)

Euthynos, Archon (426–425 BC)

Stratocles, Archon (425–424 BC)

Isarchus, Archon (424–423 BC)

Amynias, Archon (423–422 BC)

Alcaeus, Archon (422–421 BC)

Aristion, Archon (421–420 BC)

Astyphilus, Archon (420–419 BC)

Archias, Archon (419–418 BC)

Antiphon, Archon (418–417 BC)

Euphemus, Archon (417–416 BC)

Arimnestus, Archon (416–415 BC)

Charias, Archon (415–414 BC)

Tisandrus, Archon (414–413 BC)

Cleocritus, Archon (413–412 BC)

Callias Scambonides, Archon (412–411 BC)

Mnasilochus (died); Theopompus, Archon (411–410 BC)

Glaucippus, Archon (410–409 BC)

Diocles, Archon (409–408 BC)

Euctemon, Archon (408–407 BC)

Antigenes, Archon (407–406 BC)

Callias Angelides, Archon (406–405 BC)

Alexias, Archon (405–404 BC)

Pythodorus, Archon (404–403 BC)

Eucleides, Archon (403–402 BC)^[5]

Mikon, Archon (402–401 BC)

Xenainetos, Archon (401–400 BC)

Dacia (complete list) –

Charnabon, King (5th century BC)

Epirus (complete list) –

Admetus, King (before 470–430 BC)
Tharrhypas, King (430–392 BC)

Macedonia: Argead dynasty (complete list) –

Amyntas I, King (547–498 BC)
Alexander I, King (498–454 BC)
Alcetas II, King (454–448 BC)
Perdiccas II, King (448–413 BC)
Archelaus I, King (413–399 BC)

Odrysian kingdom of Thrace (complete list) –

Teres I, King (460–445 BC)^[6]
Sparatocos, King (450–431 BC)
Sitalces, King (431–424 BC)
Seuthes I, King (424–410 BC)^[7]
Amadocus I, King (408–389 BC)^[8]
Seuthes II, King (405–387 BC)

Sparta (complete list) –

Ariston, King (c.550–515 BC)
Demaratus , King (c.515–491 BC)
Leotychidas, King (c.491–469 BC)
Archidamus II, King (c.469–427 BC)
Agis II, King (c.427–401/400 BC)
Agesilaus II, King (c.401/400–360 BC)

Europe: South

Roman Republic (complete list) –

Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, Consul
M' Tullius Longus, Consul

T. Aebutius Elva, Consul
P. (or C.) Veturius Geminus Cicurinus, Consul

Q. Cloelius Siculus, Consul
T. Lartius Flavus (or Rufus) II, Consul

A. Sempronius Atratinus, Consul
M. Minucius Augurinus, Consul

A. Postumius Albus Regillensis, Consul
T. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus, Consul

Ap. Claudius Sabinus Regillensis, Consul
P. Servilius Priscus Structus, Consul

A. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus, Consul
T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus, Consul

Manius Valerius Maximus, Dictator (494 BC)

493

Post. Cominius Auruncus II, Consul
Sp. Cassius Viscellinus, Consul

T. Geganius Macerinus, Consul
P. Minucius Augurinus, Consul

M. Minucius Augurinus, Consul
A. Sempronius Atratinus, Consul

Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, Consul
Sp. Larcius Rufus (or Flavus) II, Consul

C. Iulius Iullus, Consul
P. Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus, Consul

Sp. Nautius Rutilus, Consul
Sex. Furius Medullinus (Fusus?), Consul

T. Sicinius (Sabinus?), Consul
C. Aquillius, Consul

Sp. Cassius Viscellinus, Consul
Proculus Verginius Tricostus Rutilus, Consul

Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Consul
Q. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul

L. Aemilius Mamercus, Consul
K. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul

M. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul
L. Valerius Potitus, Consul

Q. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul
C. Iulius Iullus, Consul

K. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul
Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus, Consul

M. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul
Cn. Manlius Cincinnatus, Consul

K. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul
T. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus, Consul

L. Aemilius Mamercus, Consul
C. Servilius Structus Ahala,^[9] Consul
Opet. Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus, Consul suffectus

C. (or M.) Horatius Pulvillus, Consul
T. Menenius Lanatus, Consul

A. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus, Consul
Sp. (or P.) Servilius Structus, Consul

P. Valerius Poplicola, Consul
C. Nautius Rutilus, Consul

L. Furius Medullinus, Consul
A. (or Cn.) Manlius Vulso, Consul

L. Aemilius Mamercus, Consul
Vop. Iulius Iullus,^[10] Consul

L. Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus, Consul
P. Furius Medullinus Fusus, Consul

Ap. Claudius Sabinus, Consul
T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, Consul

L. Valerius Potitus, Consul
Ti. Aemilius Mamercus, Consul

T. Numicius Priscus, Consul
A. Verginius Caeliomontanus, Consul

T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, Consul
Q. Servilius Structus Priscus, Consul

Ti. Aemilius Mamercus, Consul
Q. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul

Q. Servilius (Structus) Priscus, Consul
Sp. Postumius Albinus Regillensis, Consul

Q. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul
T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, Consul

A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis, Consul
Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus, Consul

P. Servilius Priscus, Consul
L. Aebutius Helva, Consul

L. Lucretius Tricipitinus, Consul
T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus, Consul

P. Volumnius Amintinus Gallus, Consul
Ser. (or P.) Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, Consul

P. Valerius Poplicola, Consul
C. Claudius Sabinus Regillensis, Consul
L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, Consul suffectus

Q. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul
L. Cornelius Maluginensis Uritinus, Consul

C. Nautius Rutilus, Consul
L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus,^[11] Consul

L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, Dictator (458 BC)

457

C. Horatius Pulvillus or: L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, Consul
Q. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus or: M. Fabius Vibulanus,^[12] Consul

M. Valerius Maximus Lactuca, Consul
Sp. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus, Consul

T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus, Consul
C. Veturius Cicurinus, Consul

Sp. Tarpeius Montanus Capitolinus, Consul
A. Aternius Varus Fontinalis, Consul

Sex. Quinctilius, Consul
P. Curiatius Fistus Trigeminus, Consul
Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus, Consul suffectus

T. Menenius Lanatus, Consul
P. Sestius Capitolinus Vaticanus, Consul

Ap. Claudius Crassus Sabinus Regillensis, Consul
T. Genucius Augurinus, Consul
Decemviri: Ap. Claudius Crassus Sabinus Regillensis, A. Manlius Vulso, T. Genucius Augurinus, P. or Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, T. or Sp. or L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus, P. Curiatius Fistus Trigeminus, P. Sestius Capito Vaticanus, T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus, C. Iulius Iullus, Sp. Postumius Albus Regillensis

450 – Decemviri: Ap. Claudius Crassus Sabinus Regillensis, Q. Poetelius Libo Visolus, M. Cornelius Maluginensis, T. Antonius Merenda, M. Sergius Esquilinus, K. Duillius, L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus, Sp. Oppius Cornicen, Q. Fabius Vibulanus, M' Rabuleius
449 – Decemviri: Ap. Claudius Crassus Sabinus Regillensis, Q. Poetelius Libo Visolus, M. Cornelius Maluginensis, T. Antonius Merenda, M. Sergius Esquilinus, K. Duillius, L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus, Sp. Oppius Cornicen, Q. Fabius Vibulanus, M' Rabuleius, L. Valerius Potitus, M. Horatius (Tu?)rrinus Barbatus
448

Lars (or Sp.) Herminius Coritinesanus, Consul
T. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus, Consul

M. Geganius Macerinus, Consul
C. Iulius Iullus, Consul

T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, Consul
Agrippa Furius Fusus, Consul

M. Genucius Augurinus, Consul
C. (or Agrippa) Curtius Philo, Consul

444 – Consular Tribunes: A. Sempronius Atratinus, T. Cloelius Siculus, L. Atilius Luscus, L. Papirius Mugillanus, L. Sempronius Atratinus
443

M. Geganius Macerinus, Consul
T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, Consul

M. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul
Post. Aebutius Helva Cornicen, Consul

C. Furius Pacilus Fusus, Consul
M. (or M') Papirius Crassus, Consul

Proc. Geganius Macerinus, Consul
L. Menenius Lanatus or: T. Menenius Lanatus,^[13] Consul

Agrippa Menenius Lanatus, Consul
T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, Consul

Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, Dictator (439 BC)

438 – Consular Tribunes: Mam. Aemilius Macerinus, L. Iulius Iullus, L. Quinctius Cincinnatus

M. Geganius Macerinus, Consul
L. Sergius Fidenas, Consul
M. Valerius Lactuca Maximus, Consul suffectus

L. Papirius Crassus, Consul
M. Cornelius Maluginensis, Consul

C. Iulius (or Iullus), Consul
L. (or Proc.) Verginius Tricostus, Consul

C. Iulius (or Iullus) or: M. Manlius Capitolinus, Consul
L. (or Proc.) Verginius Tricostus or Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Praetextatus,^[14] Consul – Consular Tribunes: Ser. Cornelius Cossus, Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Praetextatus, M. Manlius Capitolinus

433 – Consular Tribunes: M. Fabius Vibulanus, L. Sergius Fidenas, M. Folius Flaccinator
432 – Consular Tribunes: L. Pinarius Mamercus, Sp. Postumius Albus Regillensis, L. Furius Medullinus
431

T. Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus, Consul
C. (or Cn.) Iulius Mento, Consul

C. (or L.) Papirius Crassus, Consul
L. Iulius Iullus, Consul

Hostus Lucretius Tricipitinus, Consul
L. Sergius Fidenas, Consul

A. Cornelius Cossus or L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, Consul
T. Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus or A. Sempronius Atratinus,^[15] Consul

C. Servilius Ahala, Consul
L. Papirius Mugillanus, Consul

426 – Consular Tribunes: T. Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus, M. Postumius ---, C. Furius Pacilus Fusus, A. Cornelius Cossus
425 – Consular Tribunes: A. Sempronius Atratinus, L. Furius Medullinus, L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, L. Horatius Barbatus
424 – Consular Tribunes: Ap. Claudius Crassus, L. Sergius Fidenas, Sp. Nautius Rutilus, Sex. Iulius Iullus
423

C. Sempronius Atratinus, Consul
Q. Fabius Vibulanus Ambustus, Consul

422 – Consular Tribunes: L. Manlius Capitolinus, L. Papirius Mugillanus, Q. Antonius Merenda
421

N. (or Cn.) Fabius Vibulanus, Consul
T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, Consul

420 – Consular Tribunes: L. Quinctius Cincinnatus
or: T. Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus, M. Manlius Vulso, L. Furius Medullinus, A. Sempronius Atratinus
419 – Consular Tribunes: Agrippa Menenius Lanatus, Sp. Nautius Rutilus, P. Lucretius Tricipitinus, C. Servilius Axilla
418 – Consular Tribunes: L. Sergius Fidenas, C. Servilius Axilla, M. Papirius Mugillanus
417 – Consular Tribunes: P. Lucretius Tricipitinus, Agrippa Menenius Lanatus, Sp. Rutilius Crassus or: Sp. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus, C. Servilius Axilla
416 – Consular Tribunes: A. Sempronius Atratinus, Q. Fabius Vibulanus Ambustus, M. Papirius Mugillanus, Sp. Nautius Rutilus
415 – Consular Tribunes: P. Cornelius Cossus, N. Fabius Vibulanus, C. Valerius Potitus Volusus, Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus
414 – Consular Tribunes: Cn. Cornelius Cossus, Q. Fabius Vibulanus Ambustus, L. Valerius Potitus, P. Postumius Albinus Regillensis
413

A. Cornelius Cossus, Consul
L. Furius Medullinus, Consul

Q. Fabius Vibulanus Ambustus, Consul
C. Furius Pacilus, Consul

M. Papirius Mugillanus (or Atratinus?), Consul
Sp. Nautius Rutilus, Consul

M' Aemilius Mamercinus, Consul
C. Valerius Potitus Volusus, Consul

Cn. Cornelius Cossus, Consul
L. Furius Medullinus, Consul

408 – Consular Tribunes: C. Iulius Iullus, C. Servilius Ahala, P. Cornelius Cossus
407 – Consular Tribunes: L. Furius Medullinus, N. Fabius Vibulanus, C. Valerius Potitus Volusus, C. Servilius Ahala
406 – Consular Tribunes: P. Cornelius Rutilus Cossus, N. Fabius Ambustus, Cn. Cornelius Cossus, L. Valerius Potitus
405 – Consular Tribunes: T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus, Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus, L. Furius Medullinus, C. Iulius Iullus, M' Aemilius Mamercinus
404 – Consular Tribunes: C. Valerius Potitus Volusus, Cn. Cornelius Cossus, M' Sergius Fidenas, K. Fabius Ambustus, P. Cornelius Maluginensis, Sp. Nautius Rutilus
403 – Consular Tribunes: M' Aemilius Mamercinus, M. Quinctilius Varus, L. Valerius Potitus, L. Iulius Iullus, Ap. Claudius Crassus, M. Furius Fusus
402 – Consular Tribunes: C. Servilius Ahala, Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, Q. Servilius Fidenas, A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus, L. Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus, M' Sergius Fidenas
401 – Consular Tribunes: L. Valerius Potitus, Cn. Cornelius Cossus, M. Furius Camillus, K. Fabius Ambustus, M' Aemilius Mamercinus, L. Iulius Iullus

Syracuse (complete list) –

Gelo, Tyrant (485–478 BC)
Hiero I, Tyrant (478–466 BC)
Thrasybulus, Tyrant (466–465 BC)
Dionysius the Elder, Tyrant (405–367 BC)

Eurasia: Caucasus

Kingdom of Armenia (complete list) –

Hidarnes II, King (early 5th century BC)
Hidarnes III, King (mid 5th century BC)
Artasyrus, King (5th century BC)
Orontes I, Satrap (401–344 BC)

References

↑ Cadoux suspects this is a corruption of the archon's real name. ("Athenian Archons", p. 116)
↑ Added from Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 205
↑ Nine archons were appointed by lot by the tribes from 500 nominees chosen by the demes and that this was the method in the Archonship of Telesinus. See also the Areopagite constitution.
↑ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 480/79 to 348/7 BC are taken from Alan E. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Muenchen: Beck'sche, 1972), pp. 206–210.
↑ Sophocles: The Oedipus Coloneus. 3d ed. 1900 By Sophocles, Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb. Pg 4. (cf. Micon was [the Archon of] 402 B.C., Callias of [the Archon of] 406 B.C. Between them came Alexias (405), Pythodorus (404, the Anarchy), and Eucleides (403).)
↑ The Thracians 700 BC–AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001, ISBN 1-84176-329-2, page 5
↑ The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998, ISBN 0-19-815047-4, page 104
↑ Thracian Kings, University of Michigan
↑ So the Fasti Capitolini. Diodorus Siculus XI.52.1 names C. Cornelius Lentulus as the colleague of Mamercus (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 256)
↑ so Dionysius of Halicarnassus (IX.37.2) and Fasti Capitolini, which Livy admits is an alternative to the man he names as Mamercus' colleague, Opet. Verginius (II.54.3). Diodorus Siculus (XI.65.1) names L. Stoudios Iulius as Mamercus' colleague. (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 256)
↑ So Livy III.25.1, Diodorus XI.88.1, and others; however the Fasti Capitolini makes him suffect consul and puts Carve[tus] or Carve[ntanus] in his place. (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 256)
↑ This later pair is given by Diodorus XII.3.1
↑ Livy IV.12.6 records his praenomen as Lucius, while Diodorus XII.36.1 gives it as Titus.
↑ Livy (IV.23.1–3) states Iulius and Verginius were consuls, based on the testimony of Licinius and Macer, while admitting Valerius Antias and Tubero both report Manlius and Sulpicius as consuls. Diodorus (XII.53.1) includes Manlius and Sulpicius as Consular Tribunes for the year. (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 258)
↑ Diodorus Siculus (XII.77.1) inserts these two.

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