List of former Muslims
Ex-Muslims or former Muslims are people who have been Muslims for some part of their lives, but left Islam for another religion or a nonreligious philosophy. Following is a list of notable ex-Muslims.
Converted to an Indian religion
Converted to Buddhism
- Tillakaratne Dilshan – Sri Lankan cricketer[1]
- Kenneth Pai – Chinese American writer of Hui descent[2]
- Bunnag family - Thai family of Persian descent.[3]
- Sri Sulalai - princess of the royal family of the Sultanate of Singora. Rama II of Siam took her as a concubine.
- Suraj Randiv - Sri Lankan cricketer
Converted to Hinduism
Main article: List of converts to Hinduism from Islam
Harilal Gandhi converted to Islam, adopted the name "Abdullah Gandhi", but later reverted to Hinduism.[4]
- Bukka I – King of Vijayanagara empire who converted to Islam, then reverted to Hinduism. The early life of Bukka as well as his brother Hakka (also known as Harihara I) are relatively unknown and most accounts of their early life are based on theories.[5][6]
- Nargis – noted Bollywood actress, politician, and social worker. Mother of actor Sanjay Dutt she converted to Hinduism and took the name of Nirmala Dutt on her marriage to actor Sunil Dutt
- Chander Mohan – former Deputy Chief Minister of Haryana State in India. He was born Chandra Mohan he converted to Islam after marriage and again reverted to Hinduism after his divorce.[7][8]
- Annapurna Devi (born Roshanara Khan) – surbahar (bass sitar) player and music teacher in the North Indian classical tradition. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage.[9]
- Happy Salma – Indonesian actress, writer, model become princess and member of the Lordship of Ubud after marriage.[10][11]
- Harilal Mohandas Gandhi – son of Mahatma Gandhi. Upon converting to Islam he adopted the name Abdullah Gandhi, but later again reverted to Hinduism.[4]
- Asha Gawli – (born Ayesha) wife of Arun Gawli, notorious gangster turned politician from Mumbai, India. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage.[12]
- Harihara I – King of Vijayanagara Empire who converted to Islam, then reconverted.[6]
- Aashish Khan (born Ustad Aashish Khan Debsharma) – Indian musician[13]
- Hassan Palakkode – Malayali writer on Islam.[14]
- Netaji Palkar – Maratha noble and commander-in-chief of the army of Shivaji, 19 June 1676.[15][16][17]
- Sarmad – 17th century mystical poet and sufi saint, arrived from Persia to India, beheaded for assumed heresy by the Mughal emperor, Aurungzebe. Sarmad renounced Judaism, briefly converting to Islam and then Hinduism. He later denounced all religions and rejected belief in god.[18][19]
- Anwar Shaikh – British author.[20]
- Ifa Sudewi – chief judge for the 2002 Bali bombing trials[21][22]
- Khushboo Sundar – Tamil movie actress. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage.[23]
- Haridas Thakura – Prominent Vaishnavite saint, instrumental in the early appearance and spread of Hare Krishna movement.[24]
- Zubeida – Hindi film actress, on whose life story the film Zubeidaa was based. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage.[25]
Converted to a Chinese religion
Main article: Hui_people § Non-Muslims
- Ding family of Quanzhou – Muslim family in Fujian province of China and Taiwan which abandoned Islam.
- Guo family of Quanzhou – Muslim family in Fujian province of China and Taiwan which abandoned Islam.
- Xia family of Quanzhou – Muslim family in Fujian province of China and Taiwan which abandoned Islam.
- Li Zhi's family
Converted to an Abrahamic religion
Converted to Judaism
Main article: List of converts to Judaism from Islam
- Reza Jabari – Israeli of Iranian birth who hijacked a flight between Tehran and the Iranian resort island of Kish in September, 1995 while working as a flight attendant for Iranian carrier Kish Air flight 707.[26]
- Avraham Sinai – Lebanese former Shi'ite who converted to Judaism. He served as an informant for the Israelis while serving in Hezbollah, until his actions were uncovered. He fled to Israel and subsequently converted.[27]
- Amina Dawood Al-Mufti – a Jordanian Muslim of Circassian origin, converted to Judaism upon marrying an Israeli Jewish pilot in secret in Vienna. She later became a spy for Mossad. An Arabic TV series called An Eastern Girl (فتاة من الشرق) (Fatah min Asharq) was made about her starring Suzan Najm Aldeen as Amina.[28][29] The book (مذكرات أخطر جاسوسة عربية للموساد .. أمينة المفتي) was written about her.[30]
Converted to Christianity
Main article: List of converts to Christianity from Islam
Albanian monarch, Skanderbeg converted from Roman Catholicism to Islam but reverted to Roman Catholicism later in life upon his return in Albania
- Alina Kabaeva – Russian gymnast.[31][32][33]
- Mary Fillis[34]
- House of Yusupov – former Muslim Genghisid family which converted to Russian Orthodox Christianity.
- Descendants of Kuchum – former Muslim Genghisid family which converted to Russian Orthodox Christianity.
- Qasim Khanate – some Muslim begs and Khans of the Qasim Khanate converted to Russian Orthodox Christianity.[35]
- Fathia Ghali – Egyptian princess and youngest daughter of Fuad I of Egypt and Nazli Sabri.[36][37]
- Broery – Indonesian singer (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[38][39]
- Laysan Utiasheva – Russian gymnast, convert to Eastern Orthodox Christianity.[40][41][42]
- Jean-Bédel Bokassa – Central African Republic Emperor (from Roman Catholicism to Islam back to Roman Catholicism).[43][44]
- Rianti Cartwright – Indonesian actress, model, presenter and VJ. Two weeks before departure to the United States to get married, Rianti left the Muslim faith to become a baptized Catholic with the name Sophia Rianti Rhiannon Cartwright.[45][46]
- Moussa Dadis Camara – ex-officer of the Guinean army.[47][48]
- Ibrahim Njoya – Bamum people religion; back and forth conversions from Islam to Christianity.[49] Also created his own religion.[50]
- Eldridge Cleaver – Conversions/Associations to Nation of Islam then Evangelical Christianity then Mormonism.[51][52]
- Maria Aurora von Spiegel – (born Fatima) was a Turkish mistress of Augustus II the Strong and the wife of a Polish noble.[53]
- Aslan Abashidze – former leader of the Ajarian Autonomous Republic in western Georgia.[54]
- Rotimi Adebari – first Black mayor in Ireland.[55]
- Nafa Urbach – Indonesian singer, actress and model.[56][57][58]
- Mehmet Ali Agca – Turkish ultra-nationalist assassin, who shot and wounded Pope John Paul II on May 13, 1981. In early 2009, Agca renounced Islam in prison and announced his intention to convert to the Catholic faith upon release.[59][60]
- Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad – Former Egyptian Muslim sheikh.[61]
- Magdi Allam – Italy's most famous Islamic affairs journalist.[62]
- Mario Joseph – former Indian Muslim preacher & scholar.[63][64]
- Hussain Andaryas – Afghan Christian activist and tele-evangelist.[65]
- Josephine Bakhita – Roman Catholic saint from Darfur, Sudan.[66][67]
- Fathima Rifqa Bary – American teenager of Sri Lankan descent who drew international attention in 2009 when she ran away from home and claimed that her Muslim parents might kill her for having converted to Christianity.[68]
- Abo of Tiflis – Christian activist and the Patron Saint of the city of Tbilisi, Georgia.[69]
- Don Juan of Persia – late 16th and early 17th century figure in Iran and Spain, converting himself from Shia Islam to Roman Catholicism.[70]
- Utameshgaray of Kazan – Khan of Kazan Khanate.[71]
- Maria Huberdina Hertogh – Dutch-Indonesian child kidnapped and forcibly converted to Islam during the World War II in 1943 by Malay Muslims but was eventually return to his Catholic family in 1950.[72][73][74]
- Rajah Humabon – first Filipino Sultan convert to Roman Catholicism in the name of Carlos.[75][76]
- Rajah Matanda – sovereign of the Kingdom of Maynila
- Lakandula – Lakan of the pre-colonial Kingdom of Tondo
- Yadegar Moxammat of Kazan (Yadegar Mokhammad of Kazan) – Last khan of Kazan Khanate.[71]
- Sayed Borhan khan – Khan of Qasim Khanate from 1627 to 1679.[71]
- Diana Nasution – Indonesian singer, converted to Protestantism after marriage.[77][78]
- Simeon Bekbulatovich – Khan of Qasim Khanate.[71]
- The Sibirsky family – foremost of many Genghisid (Shaybanid) noble families formerly living in Russia.[79]
- Daniel Bambang Dwi Byantoro – leader (and Archimandrite) of the Indonesian Orthodox Church.[80][81]
- Maria Temryukovna – Circassian princess, and second wife to Ivan IV of Russia who was born in a Muslim upbringing, and baptised into the Russian Orthodox Church on August 21, 1561.[82]
- The Shihab family – prominent Lebanese noble family. The family originally belonged to Sunni Islam and converted to Maronite Catholicism at the end of the 18th century.[83][84]
- Jacob Frank – 18th century Jewish religious leader who claimed to be the reincarnation of the self-proclaimed messiah Sabbatai Zevi, and also of King David. Frank publicly converted to Islam in 1757 and later to Christianity at Poland in 1759, but actually presented himself as the Messiah of a syncretic derivation of Shabbatai Zevi's Messianism now referred to as Frankism.[85]
- Walid Shoebat – American author and self-proclaimed former member of the PLO.[86]
- Hassan Dehqani-Tafti – Anglican Bishop of Iran from 1961 to 1990.[87]
- Ibrahim Ben Ali – soldier, physician and one of the earliest American settlers of Turkish origin.[88]
- Bob Denard – French soldier and mercenary leader. Converted from Roman Catholicism to Judaism, then Islam and eventually back to Roman Catholicism.[89]
- Nonie Darwish – Egyptian-American writer and public speaker.[90]
- Roy Marten – (born Wicasksono Abdul Salam) Indonesian actor whose family was converted to Roman Catholicism during his childhood but who converted converted later to Indonesian Orthodoxy in 1997.[91][92][93]
- Mehdi Dibaj – Iranian pastor and Christian activist.[94]
- Hazem Farraj – Palestinian American minister, writer, evangelist [95]
- Ghorban Tourani – former Iranian Sunni Muslim who became a Christian minister. Following multiple murder threats, he was abducted and murdered on November 22, 2005.[96]
Italian journalist Magdi Allam converted to Roman Catholicism during the Vatican's 2008 Easter vigil service presided over by Pope Benedict XVI[62]
- Chamillionaire – (born Hakeem Seriki) American rapper.[97][98]
- St. George El Mozahem – coptic saint[99][100][101]
- Patrick Sookhdeo – British Anglican canon[102]
- Mark A. Gabriel – Egyptian writer[103]
- Ergun Caner – Swedish-American academic, author, and Baptist minister.[104][105]
- Akbar Gbaja-Biamila – American football player.[106][107]
- Alexander Kazembek – Russian Orientalist, historian and philologist of Azeri origin .[108]
- Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila – American football player.[106]
- Qadry Ismail – Former American football player.[109]
- Raghib Ismail – former American football player.[110]
- Tunch Ilkin – former American football player.[111]
- Lina Joy – Malaysian former Muslim converted to Roman Catholicism. The desire to have her conversion recognized by law was the subject of a court case in Malaysia.[73][112]
- Chulpan Khamatova – Russian actress.[113][114]
- Wu'erkaixi – Uyghur dissident known for his leading role during the Tiananmen protests of 1989.[115][116]
- Asmirandah – Indonesian actress of Dutch descent converted to Protestantism in December 2013. Zantman owes her conversion to an experience of having dreamed three times of Jesus Christ.[117][118][119][120]
- Carlos Menem – former President of Argentina. Raised a Muslim but converted to Roman Catholicism, the official religion of Argentina, due to his political aspirations.[121][122]
- Marina Nemat – Canadian author of Iranian descent and former political prisoner of the Iranian government. Born into a Christian family, she converted to Islam in order to avoid execution but later reverted to Christianity.[123]
- George Weah – Liberian soccer player (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[124]
- Momolu Dukuly – Liberian foreign minister.[125]
- Nazli Sabri – Queen consort of Egypt.[126]
- James Scurry – British soldier and statesman.[127]
On St George's Day, 2005 Serbian film director Emir Kusturica left Islam and was baptised into the Serb Orthodox Church[128]
- Begum Samru – Powerful lady of north India, ruling a large area from Sardhana, Uttar Pradesh.[129]
- Abdul Rahman – Afghan convert to Christianity who escaped the death penalty because of foreign pressure.[130]
- Youcef Nadarkhani – Iranian Christian pastor who has been sentenced to death for apostasy.[131]
- The Clan Yusupov – noble family of Tatar descent down the Khans of the Nogai Horde, convert to Eastern Orthodox Christianity in the 17th century.[132]
- Mathieu Kérékou – President of Benin (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[133]
- Agni Pratistha – Indonesian actress, model and former beauty queen (elected Puteri Indonesia 2006), converted to Catholicism after marriage, although what is initially denied rumors of conversion.[134][135][136]
- Sheikh Deen Muhammad – British Indian traveller, surgeon and entrepreneur who introduced shampooing and the Indian take-away curry house restaurant in Britain, and was the first Indian to have written a book in the English language.[137][138]
- Kitty Kirkpatrick – daughter of James Achilles Kirkpatrick, British Resident in Hyderabad and Khair-un-Nissa, a Hyderabadi noblewoman.[139]
- Emily Ruete – (born Sayyida Salme) Princess of Zanzibar and Oman.[140][141][142]
- Emir Kusturica – Bosnian, Serbian and Yugoslavian filmmaker and actor.[128][143]
- Pinkan Mambo – (born Pinkan Ratnasari Mambo) Indonesian singer converted in 2010. Decision taken after admitting she studied various religions of the world and eventually dropped in awe of Jesus Christ.[144][145][146]
- Daniel Ali – Iraqi Kurdish Christian author and speaker; evangelizes in Catholic, Protestant and Messianic Jewish circles.[147][148]
- Fernão Lopes – Portuguese nobleman, soldier and the first known permanent inhabitant of the remote Island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.[149]
- Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky – Russian officer of Circassian origin who led the first Russian military expedition into Central Asia.[150]
- Kassian Cephas – Indonesian photographer.[151][152]
- Umar ibn Hafsun – leader of anti-Ummayad dynasty forces in southern Iberia. Hafsun converted to Christianity with his sons and ruled over several mountain valleys for nearly forty years, having the castle Bobastro as his residence.[153]
- Casilda of Toledo – saint of the Roman Catholic Church.[154]
- Saint Alodia and Saint Nunilo – Christian martyrs and confessors who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy.[155]
- Aurelius and Natalia – Christian martyrs who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy.[156]
- Johannes Avetaranian – (born Muhammad Shukri Efendi), Christian missionary and Turkish descendent of Muhammad.[157]
- Paul Mulla – Turkish scholar and professor of Islamic Studies at the Pontifical Oriental Institute.[158]
- Ibrahim Tunggul Wulung – Indonesian evangelist and missionary.[159][160]
- Hamid Pourmand – former Iranian army colonel and lay leader of the Jama'at-e Rabbani, the Iranian branch of the Assemblies of God church in Iran.[161]
- Donald Fareed – Iranian Christian tele-evangelist and minister.[162]
- Daveed Gartenstein-Ross – counter-terrorism expert and attorney (from Judaism to Islam to Christianity).[163][164]
- Zachariah Anani – former Sunni Muslim Lebanese militia fighter[165]
- Malika Oufkir – author, activist and former prisoner of the Moroccan Royal Family.[166]
Argentine president, Carlos Menem converted to Roman Catholicism due to his political aspirations[121]
- Rashid Nurgaliyev – Russian politician and general convert to Russian Orthodoxy.[167][168]
- Ruffa Gutierrez – Filipina actress, model and former beauty queen (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity)[169]
- Fadhma Aït Mansour – mother of French writers Jean Amrouche and Taos Amrouche.[170]
- Imad ud-din Lahiz – Prolific Islamic writer, preacher and Quranic translator.[171]
- Dr. Nur Luke – Uyghur Bible translator.[172]
- Hakan Tastan and Turan Topal – two Turkish Christian converts who went on trial in 2006, on charges of "allegedly insulting 'Turkishness' and inciting religious hatred against Islam".[173]
- Mohammed Hegazy – first Egyptian Muslim convert to Christianity to seek official recognition of his conversion from the Egyptian Government.[174]
- Francis Bok – Sudanese-American activist, convert to Islam from Christianity; but later returned to his Christian faith.[175]
- Josef Mässrur – (born Ghäsim Khan) missionary to Chinese Turkestan with the Mission Union of Sweden.[176]
- Gulshan Esther – Pakistani convert from Islam to Christianity.[177]
- Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh – brother of Zaynab bint Jahsh, the wife of Muhammad and one of the male Sahaba (companions of the Prophet).[178]
- Nania Kurniawati Yusuf – Indonesian singer, finalist of the first season to Indonesian Idol, 2004.[179][180]
- Jabalah ibn al-Aiham – last ruler of the Ghassanid state in Syria and Jordan in the seventh century AD. After the Islamic conquest of Levant he converted to Islam in AD 638. He reverted to Christianity later on and lived in Anatolia until he died in AD 645.[181]
- Constantine the African – Baghdad-educated Muslim who died in 1087 as a Christian monk at Monte Cassino.[182][183]
- Estevanico – Berber originally from Morocco and one of the early explorers of the Southwestern United States.[184]
- Kyai Sadrach – Indonesian missionary.[185][186]
- Enrique de Malaca – Malay slave of Ferdinand Magellan, converted to Roman Catholicism after being purchased in 1511.[187][188]
- Abraham of Bulgaria – martyr and saint of the Russian Orthodox Church.[189]
- Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari – second wife and Queen Consort of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the late Shah of Iran who converted to Roman Catholicism.[190]
Al Qaeda terrorist Ramzi Yousef claims to have embraced Christianity while in ADX Florence Supermax prison. However, the prison staff does not believe Yousef's conversion is sincere.[191][192]
- Sigi Wimala – Indonesian model and actress, converted to Catholicism after marriage.[193][194]
- Aman Tuleyev – Russian governor of Kemerovo Oblast.[195]
- St. Adolphus – Christian martyr who was put to death along with his brother, John, by Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy.[196]
- Nasir Siddiki – Canadian evangelist, author, and business consultant.[197]
- Matthew Ashimolowo – Nigerian-born British pastor and evangelist.[198]
- Michał Czajkowski – Polish-Cossack writer and political emigre who worked both for the resurrection of Poland and the reestablishment of a Cossack Ukraine.[199]
- Stefan Razvan – Gypsy prince who ruled Moldavia for six months in 1595.[200]
- Skanderbeg – Albanian monarch and military leader. Skanderbeg converted to Islam from Christianity but reverted to Christianity later in life.[201]
Born into a Muslim Batak family, Indonesian Prime Minister Amir Sjarifuddin converted to Christianity in 1931, upon which his fervently Islamic mother committed suicide.[202]
- Amir Sjarifuddin – Indonesian socialist leader who later became the second prime minister of Indonesia during its National Revolution.[202]
- Dr.Thomas Yayi Boni – President of Benin.[203]
- Al-Mu'eiyyad – Abbasid prince and third son of Abbasid caliph, Al-Mutawakkil. He was converted to Christianity along with his three confidants by St. Theodore of Edessa, accepting the name "John" upon baptism.[204][205]
- Aben Humeya – (born Fernando de Valor) Morisco Chief who was crowned the Emir of Andalusia by his followers and led the Morisco Revolt against Philip II of Spain.[206]
- Rudolf Carl von Slatin – Anglo-Austrian soldier and administrator in the Sudan.[207]
- Shams Pahlavi – Iranian princess and the elder sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran.[208]
- Saye Zerbo – President of the republic of Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso).[209]
- Zaida of Seville – refugee Andalusian Muslim princess who was a mistress and then perhaps queen of Alfonso VI of Castile.[210]
- Djibril Cissé – footballer for club and country.[211][212]
- Sedar Dedeoglu – Turk who claims to be a descendant of Muhammad has converted to Christianity while living in Germany.[213]
- Lukman Sardi – Indonesian actor converted to Christianity after marriage.[214][215]
- Majeed Rashid Mohammed – Kurdish Christian convert from Islam. He established a network with former Kurdish Muslims with about 2,000 members today.[216]
- Muhsin Muhammad – football player for Carolina Panthers[217]
- Taysir Abu Saada – former member of the PLO and the founder of the christian ministry Hope For Ishmael after he converted to christianity. He was Yasir Arafat's personal driver.[218][219]
- Mosab Hassan Yousef – son of Sheikh Hassan Yousef, a Hamas founder and one of its leader.
- Nabeel Qureshi – former Ahmadi Muslim and now co-director of Acts 17 Apologetics Ministries. He has given lectures at universities and seminaries throughout North America.
- Udo Ulfkotte – German journalist who was born a Christian, became an atheist, then converted to Islam and finally converted back to Christianity.[220][221]
- Sabatina James – Pakistani-Austrian former Muslim and now an Austrian Roman Catholic author.[222]
- Jessica Iskandar – Indonesian actress and model (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[223][224]
- Mohammad Hymath – former Ahmadi Muslim and now Founder of[225] Jesus Above All Ministries. He has given His Testimony at Churches and seminaries throughout South India.
- Brother Rachid – famous television presenter. He hosts a TV show called "Daring Question" which focuses on discussing and criticizing Islam.[226]
- Saeed and Nagmeh Abedini
- Sake Dean Mahomed
Converted to the Bahá'í Faith
Mishkín-Qalam – prominent Bahá'í and one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh, as well as a famous calligrapher of 19th century Persia.[227]
These were mostly people who were followers of the Bahá'u'lláh at the time he founded the Bahá'í Faith. They were formerly Muslims.
- Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl – foremost Bahá'í scholar who helped spread the Bahá'í Faith in Egypt, Turkmenistan, and the United States. One of the few Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh who never actually met Bahá'u'lláh.[228]
- Mishkín-Qalam – prominent Bahá'í and one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh, as well as a famous calligrapher of 19th century Persia.[227]:270–271
- Táhirih – Persian poet and theologian of the Bábí faith in Iran.[229]
- Nabíl-i-A'zam – Bahá'í historian and one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh[227]:268–270
- Hají Ákhúnd – eminent follower of Bahá'u'lláh. He was appointed a Hand of the Cause, and identified as one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh.[227]:265–266
- Ibn-i-Abhar – appointed a Hand of the Cause, and identified as one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh.[227]:245–256
- Mírzá Mahmúd – eminent follower of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith.[227]:290–310
- Núrayn-i-Nayyirayn – two brothers who were beheaded in the city of Isfahan in 1879.[227]:335–350
- Somaya Ramadan[230] – 2001 winner of the Naguib Mahfouz Medal for Literature.
- 'Abdu'l-Karim Amín Khawja[231] – first native Algerian convert to the Bahá'í Faith.
- Musa Naghiyev – Azerbaijani industrial oil magnate in late 19th - early 20th century.[232]
- Sami Doktoroglu – early and important member of the Bahá'í Faith in Turkey.[233]
Part of an unorganized religion or no religion
Became atheists
Main article: List of converts to nontheism from Islam
Javed Akhtar is a noted Indian writer and lyricist.
Former Muslim and Dutch politician Ehsan Jami was one of the two founders of the Central Committee for Ex-Muslims[235]
Kumail Nanjiani is a Pakistani-American actor.
- Javed Akhtar – noted Indian writer and lyricist.[236]
- Waleed Al-Husseini – Palestinian philosopher, essayist, writer, blogger and co-founder of Council of Ex-Muslims in France (CEMF).
- Abdullah al-Qasemi – Saudi born Egyptian
- Salman Rushdie – British-Indian novelist and essayist.[234]
- Aliaa Magda Elmahdy – Egyptian internet activist and women's rights advocate.
- Ahmed Harqan – Egyptian human rights activist and outspoken atheist.[237]
- Kareem Amer – Egyptian blogger.[238][239]
- Hamed Abdel-Samad –erman-Egyptian political scientist, historian and author.
- Ayaan Hirsi Ali – Somali-born Dutch feminist, writer, and politician.[240]
- Ismael Adham – Egyptian writer and philosopher.[241]
- Aziz Nesin – popular Turkish humorist and author of more than 100 books.[242]
- Aroj Ali Matubbar – self-taught Bangladeshi philosopher
- Kacem El Ghazzali – Moroccan-Swiss writer and activist.[243]
- Zackie Achmat – South African anti-HIV/AIDS activist; founder of the Treatment Action Campaign.[244]
- Humayun Azad – Bangladeshi author, poet, scholar and linguists.[245][246]
- Faik Konica – Albanian stylist, critic, publicist and political figure that had a tremendous impact on Albanian writing and on Albanian culture at the time.[247]
- Turan Dursun – Turkish writer. He was once a Turkish mufti and later authored many books critical of Islam.[248]
- Valon Behrami – Kosovo born Swiss professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for English club Watford.[249]
- Ehsan Jami – Dutch politician and founder of the Dutch Central Committee for Ex-Muslims.[235]
- Enver Hoxha – Communist dictator who declared Albania the first atheist state, and who has been identified as an "arch-atheist."[250]
- As'ad Abu Khalil – Lebanese professor of political science at California State University, Stanislaus. He describes himself as an "atheist secularist".[251][252]
- Al-Ma'arri – blind Arab philosopher, poet and writer.[253]
- Sarmad – seventeenth-century mystical poet and sufi saint, arrived from Persia to India, beheaded for assumed heresy by the Mughal emperor, Aurungzebe. Sarmad renounced Judaism, briefly converting to Islam and then Hinduism. He later denounced all religions and rejected belief in gods.[254][255]
- Lounès Matoub – Algerian Berber Kabyle singer.[256]
- Afshin Ellian – Iranian professor[257]
- Ramiz Alia – Albanian communist leader and former president of Albania.[258]
- Hassan Bahara – Moroccan-Dutch writer.[259]
- Hafid Bouazza – Moroccan-Dutch writer.[260][261]
- Ismail Kadare – world-renowned Albanian writer.[262]
- Maryam Namazie – Iranian communist, political activist and leader of the British apostate-organization "Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain"[263]
- Anwar Shaikh – British author of Pakistani descent.[264]
- Zohra Sehgal – Indian actress who has appeared in several Hindi and English language films.[265]
- Mirza Fatali Akhundov – 19th century Azerbaijani playwright and philosopher.[266]
- Taslima Nasrin – Bangladeshi author, feminist, human rights activist and secular humanist.[267]
- Sharif Ahmed – Bangladeshi Humanist Book seller, human rights activist and secular humanist.[268]
- Parvin Darabi – Iranian born American activist, writer and woman's rights activist.[269]
- Barack Obama, Sr. – Kenyan senior governmental economist, and the father of U.S. President Barack Obama[270]
- Ali Sina – owner of the faith freedom website[271]
- Fauzia Ilyas – founder of Atheist & Agnostic Alliance Pakistan
- Charles Wardle – former militant convert to Islam from New Zealand. Worked for the NZSIS.[272][273]
- Kumail Nanjiani – Pakistani American stand-up comic and actor.[274]
- Ayman Odeh – Israeli politician
- Ayaz Nizami – Pakistani Islamic Scholar became atheist, Founder of realisticapproach.org[275] an Urdu website about atheism, and Vice President of Atheist & Agnostic Alliance Pakistan[276]
- MD Tipu Sultan - Bangladeshi Human Right Activist and Writer.[277]
Became Agnostics
- Seema Mustafa – Indian journalist, Political Editor and Delhi Bureau Chief of The Asian Age newspaper.[278][279]
- Cenk Uygur – Main host of the liberal talk radio show The Young Turks. He is an agnostic.[280]
- Wafa Sultan – Syrian-born American psychiatrist and controversial critic of Islam. She describes herself as a "Secular Humanist"[281][282]
- Ibn Warraq – British Pakistani secularist author and founder of the Institute for the Secularisation of Islamic Society[283]
- Mina Ahadi – Iranian-born pacifist, founder of the German apostate-organization "Zentralrat der Ex-Muslime"[284]
- Dr. Younus Shaikh – Pakistani medical doctor, human rights activist, rationalist and free-thinker.[285]
- Ibn al-Rawandi – early skeptic of Islam.[286]
Became Deists
- Ahmad Kasravi – notable Iranian linguist, historian, and reformer.[287]
Became Non-religious
- Nyamko Sabuni – politician in Sweden[288]
Other
Religious founders
Mughal emperor Akbar proclaimed that no single religion possessed the absolute truth. This inspired him to create the Dīn-i Ilāhī in 1581.[289]
- Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi – founder of the spiritual movements Messiah Foundation International and Anjuman Serfaroshan-e-Islam.[290][291]
- Akbar the great – Mughal emperor and founder of Dīn-i Ilāhī, a religious movement whose followers never numbered more than 19 adherents.[289]
- Ariffin Mohammed – founder of the Sky Kingdom who claimed a unique connection to God. In spite of renouncing Islam in 2001, he stated that there was no restriction on practising your own faith and at the same time belonging to the Sky Kingdom.[292]
- Báb – founder of Bábism. Most of his followers later accepted Bahá'u'lláh and thus became Baha'is.[293]
- Bahá'u'lláh – after the Bab's death, claimed to be the prophet the Báb spoke of, thereby founding the Bahá'í Faith.[294]
- Salih ibn Tarif – second king of the Berghouata. He proclaimed himself a Prophet/Mahdi and came out with his own Qur'an.[295]
- Kabir – 15th century mystical poet and founder of the Kabirpanthi. Born to a Hindu Brahmin widow but adopted and raised as Muslim by a childless Muslim couple, later denouncing both Hinduism and Islam.[296][297]
- Musaylimah – prophet of the Banu Hanifa tribe who lived during and after the lifetime of Muhammad.[298]
- Dwight York – African American author, black supremacist leader, musician, convicted child molester and founder of the religious doctrine called Nuwaubianism.[299]
- Ṣāliḥ ibn Tarīf – formed a syncretic religion based in Barghawata
- Sultan Sahak – founded Ahl-e Haqq
- David Myatt – founded the Numinous Way[300]
American actor Wesley Snipes converted from Christianity to Islam in 1978, but he left the faith in 1988.[301]
Undetermined current belief system
- Khalid Duran – specialist in the history, sociology and politics of the Islamic world.[302]
- Trie Utami – Indonesian singer who after a stormy divorce is known to have left Islam after 2005, but she refuses to declare what religion she converted to.[303][304]
- Charles Bronson – British criminal and self-styled "most violent prisoner in Britain".[305]
- David Hicks – Australian-born Guantanamo Bay detainee who converted to Islam[306] and was notorious in his homeland for his once support of radical Islam and for the circumstances surrounding his incarceration, is believed to have renounced Islam whilst incarcerated at Guantanamo Bay.[307]
- Wesley Snipes – American actor, film producer, and martial artist.[301]
- Lex Hixon – not raised religious; Conversions to Hinduism, Sufism. Eastern Orthodox Christianity, and possibly Zen.[308]
- Linda Thompson – British folk singer who, along with her husband Richard, converted to Sufism in the 1970s. The couple have since divorced and she has left the religion.[309]
See also
Other apostasy-related lists
- List of ex-Muslim organisations
- List of former Jews
- List of former atheists and agnostics
- List of former Protestants
- List of former Roman Catholics
- List of former Latter Day Saints
- List of former Christians
References
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the charismatic Mr Ashimolowo, a Nigerian-born convert from Islam
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He was absolved by the Pope for his conversion, which he reversed
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- ↑ http://ministriesnetwork.org/en-us/whoweare/biographies.aspx/
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Balyuzi, H.M. (1985). Eminent Bahá'ís in the time of Bahá'u'lláh. The Camelot Press Ltd, Southampton. ISBN 0853981523.
- ↑ Momen, Moojan (March 4, 2002). "Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani, Mirza". Retrieved February 19, 2007.
- ↑ 'Abdu'l-Bahá (1997) [1915]. Memorials of the Faithful (Softcover ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. ISBN 0877432422.
- ↑ Lucy Provan (October 14, 2012). "Baha'is in Egypt – The 25 January revolution gave everyone hope for change, and the Baha'i hope for acceptance.". Daily News Egypt. Egypt. Archived from the original on Dec 16, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
- ↑ Cameron, G.; Momen, W. (1996). A Basic Bahá'í Chronology. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. pp. 309, 316, 330, 373, 380. ISBN 0-85398-404-2.
- ↑ Balci, Bayram; Jafarov, Azer (2007-02-21), "The Baha'is of the Caucasus: From Russian Tolerance to Soviet Repression {2/3}", Caucaz.com, archived from the original on Aug 15, 2008
- ↑ Baha'i World volume 18, http://bahai-library.com/memoriam_bw_18#sd
- 1 2 Interview with Rushdie by Gigi Marzullo; Sottovoce, RAIUNO, March 31, 2006.
- 1 2 "A New Brand of Nonbelievers". Abcnews.go.com. September 17, 2007. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ "Eye on England". Telegraphindia.com. 15 July 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- ↑ "Raising Questions Within Islam After France Shooting". The New York Times. 9 January 2015.
- ↑ Kareem Amer. (2006). "تنويه هام جدا بخصوص موقع الأقباط متحدون ومقالى الأخير" (A Very Important Notice Regarding the Copts United Web Site and My Last Article) كريم عامر (Kareeem Amer’s Arabic blog). Retrieved January 28, 2007.
- ↑ Abdelkareem Nabil Soliman (Kareem Amer), Political prisoner Submitted on Mon, 2007-01-29.
- ↑ "Dutch article link: 'Ik geloof niet meer'". Elsevier.nl. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ Re-drawing the line – Al Ahram Weekly, August 9, 2000.
- ↑ Pace, Eric (July 7, 1995). "Aziz Nesin of Turkey Dies at 80; Writer Escaped Militants' Arson". New York Times. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ "Case in pointArab, not muslim". Freearabs.com. Retrieved 2013-03-13.
- ↑ John Carlin (August 5, 2005). "Zackie's story: The man who took on Mbeki – and won". The Independent. London. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
A homosexual, an atheist, and a militant anti-apartheid campaigner whose political ideas were forged on an intense reading of Marx, Lenin, and Trotsky...
- ↑ "Dr. Humayun Azad laid to rest". Mukto-mona.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ Bangladesh: Protecting the Human Rights of Thought, Conscience, and Religion: U.A.B. Razia Akter Banu Prepared Testimony – ("Dr. Azad is a Muslim by birth and by name ... He is an atheist.")
- ↑ Gazeta Shqip (11 September 2014). "Myslimanët shqiptarë, "në anën e gabuar të historisë"".
- ↑ "Turan Dursun Website". Turandursun.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ "I am an atheist". Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ↑ Kamm, Henry (1993, June 10). 'Hallelujah' is heard in the arch-atheist's temple. The New York Times (Late Edition (East Coast)), p. A4. Retrieved August 27, 2007, from National Newspaper Abstracts
- ↑ The Angry Arab News Service comments from her blog
- ↑ Between disparate worlds: On California State University professor As'ad AbuKhalil (1: "...who is also an atheist..." 2: "My Sunni family of my mother taught me how to pray").
- ↑ Freethought Traditions in the Islamic World by Fred Whitehead.
- ↑ "Sarmad, the mystic poet". Crda-france.org. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ "Hazrat Sarmad Shaheed: The Naked Sufi Martyr". Chowk.com. July 23, 2005. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ interview with Lounès Matoub Archived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Craig Whitlock (November 11, 2005). "For Public Figures in Netherlands, Terror Becomes a Personal Concern". The Washington Post.
- ↑ Europe since 1945: An encyclopedia, Bernard A Cook, Taylor & Francis, 2001, ISBN 0-8153-4057-5, p. 31.
- ↑ Kranenberg, Annieke (August 11, 2007). "'Als dit niet werkt, beledig ik Wilders wel'" (in Dutch). De Volkskrant. Retrieved May 9, 2008. Quote: (Translation) "In interviews he calls himself an atheist, but until now he has been left alone by beardmonkeys (referring to Muslims). Perhaps I have to make myself heard just a little bit better, I should be more explicit in my aversion to Islam and religion in general." (Dutch) "In interviews noemt hij zichzelf atheïst, maar tot nog toe 'ben ik ongemoeid gelaten door de baardapen. Misschien moet ik een hardere toon aanslaan en wat explicieter zijn in mijn afkeer van de islam en religies in het algemeen.'"
- ↑ Humanistische Omroep, Link to video interview with Hafid Bouazza Quote: (Translation) "Believers live behind a fence, and non-believers live in a pasture and they know there are believers out there behind the fence." "It [religion] is a matter of conditioning, of brainwashing." "I know that when I die, it's over with me." (Dutch) "Gelovigen leven achter een hek, en ongelovigen in een weiland, waarin ze weten dat er gelovigen zijn die achter hekken wonen." "Het [religie] is een kwestie van conditionering, van hersenspoeling" "Ik weet dat het moment dat ik ter aarde word besteld, dat het afgelopen is met mij."
- ↑ Verdonschot, Leon (May 8, 2008). ""Ik kan niet leven zonder roes." Interview met Hafid Baouzza, gepubliceerd in Dif nr.1" (in Dutch). Leonverdonschot.nl. Retrieved May 9, 2008. Quote: (Translation) "Look, I'm an atheist. I believe God does not exist, I do not believe in an afterlife. How terrible it may be: Hitler isn't in hell getting pinched in his ass with a trident. I'm fine with the fact there are people who do believe that and get comfort from it, like my mother. I just hope the influence of religion on policy makers will diminish, because my freedom is precious to me." (Dutch) "Kijk, ik ben atheïst. Ik geloof niet dat God bestaat, ik geloof niet dat er een hiernamaals is. Hoe gruwelijk ook: Hitler wordt op dit moment niet in de hel met een drietand in zijn reet geprikt. Dat er mensen zijn dat dat wél geloven en daar troost uit putten, mensen als mijn moeder: prima. Als de invloed van religies op beleidsmakers maar steeds kleiner wordt, want mijn vrijheid is me dierbaar."
- ↑ Muslim Identity and the Balkan State,Hugh Poulton, Suha Taji-Farouki, 1997, ISBN 1-85065-276-7, google print p. 133.
- ↑ "It's time to take a stand against Islam and Sharia". timesonline.co.uk. January 27, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ The Rushdie Affair: The Novel, the Ayatollah, and the West by Daniel Pipes, p. 283.
- ↑ Ninety and spunky Archived December 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Ахундов Мирза-Фатали". Mirslovarei.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ "I was born in a Muslim family, but I became an atheist." For freedom of expression, Taslima Nasreen, November 12, 1999 – Taslima Nasreen took the floor during Commission V of UNESCO's General Conference, as a delegate of the NGO International Humanist and Ethical Union (Accessed December 23, 2006).
- ↑ "I was born in a very much conservative Muslim family wherein my parents, kith and kin are very strict followers of Islam., but later I became an atheist." Owner of Society Of Asian Freethinkers, Sharif Ahmed, Listed activist of Amnesty International's megazine.
- ↑ Darabi, Parvin Rage Against the Veil: The Courageous Life and Death of an Islamic Dissident ISBN 1-57392-682-5.
- ↑ Obama, Barack (October 16, 2006). "My Spiritual Journey". TIME. Retrieved September 26, 2008.
My father was almost entirely absent from my childhood, having been divorced from my mother when I was 2 years old; in any event, although my father had been raised a Muslim, by the time he met my mother he was a confirmed atheist, thinking religion to be so much superstition.
- ↑ "Ex-Muslim's site trashes Muhammad – Founder challenges: Prove me wrong and I'll take down page". WorldNetDaily. 16 Sep 2004. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
- ↑ "SIS spying on mosques revealed". Sunday Star Times. Retrieved April 14, 2011.
- ↑ "Ex-militant's home searched in Auckland". The Dominion Post. Retrieved April 14, 2011.
- ↑ Wolinsky, David. "Kumail Nanjiani | Comedy | Interview | The A.V. Club Chicago". Avclub.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ "جراتِ تحقیق - ہمتِ کفر ملے جراتِ تحقیق ملے".
- ↑ "Atheist & Agnostic Alliance Pakistan".
- ↑ http://www.councilofexmuslims.com/index.phphttps://mobile.twitter.com/sultantipuz,
- ↑ "Pakistan: Appeasing the Mullahs". Mail-archive.com. September 13, 2006. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ The Communalisation of Kargil Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Six Degrees of Barack Obama". Huffingtonpost.com. April 29, 2008. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ Time Magazine- Interview with Wafa Sultan.
- ↑ There is No Clash of Civilizations but a Clash between the Mentality of the Middle Ages and That of the 21st century Feb. 2006.
- ↑ "Warraq, 60, describes himself now as an agnostic..." Dissident voices, World Magazine, June 16, 2007, Vol. 22, No. 22.
- ↑ "Founder of ex-Muslim group threatened". United Press International. February 23, 2007.
- ↑ Younus Shaikh- short biography.
- ↑ On Ibn al-Rawandi, from the Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1971, Volume 3, E J Brill, Leiden, p. 905.
- ↑ V. Minorsky. Mongol Place-Names in Mukri Kurdistan (Mongolica, 4), Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 58–81 (1957), p. 66. JSTOR.
- ↑ Lyall, Sarah (January 12, 2007). "Swedish politician's advice to immigrants? Try to fit in – Europe – International Herald Tribune". The New York Times.
- 1 2 Dīn-i Ilāhī. Britannica.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ "Messiah Foundation International Site about Shahi". Messiah Foundation International. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
- ↑ "Website from Pakistan Sector". goharshahi.pk. Retrieved March 12, 2010.
- ↑ The Telegraph.
- ↑ Shoghi Effendi, introduction to The Dawn-breakers, p. xxx.
- ↑ Balyuzi, Hasan (2000). Bahá'u'lláh, King of Glory.
- ↑ "U of Massachusetts" (PDF). Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ Rare Literary Gems: The Works of Kabir and Premchand at CRL Archived September 25, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ V.Jayaram (January 9, 2007). "The songs of Kabir". Hinduwebsite.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ A short biography of Musaylimah "He was one of those persons, who came to Madina in the tenth year of migration and embraced Islam. However, after his return to his birthplace he himself claimed to be a prophet and some simple-minded and also some fanatical persons responded to his call".
- ↑ "Cult Fighting in Middle Georgia". Trincoll.edu. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ "The Promethean Peregrinations of David Myatt".
- 1 2 Wesley Snipes, Hollywood's hottest new star talks about: his divorce, his days on the streets and why he doesn't have 'jungle fever. Ebony Magazine. Sept, 1991 by Laura B. Randolph.
- ↑ Duran, KhalidChildren of Abraham : An Introduction to Islam for Jews Ktav Publishing House ISBN 0-88125-724-9.
- ↑ "Trauma Dipoligami, Trie Utami Pindah Agama? - SlideGossip".
- ↑ "Indonesian Legend Trie Utami Making Her Encore - Jakarta Globe". Jakarta Globe.
- ↑ Loonyology: In My Own Words. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ "David Hicks: 'Australian Taleban'". BBC News. May 20, 2007. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ "Hicks drops Islamic faith". News.com.au. February 28, 2007. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ Sufi Review (Pir Publications, Spring 1997), pp. 5–8.
- ↑ "British folk singer Linda Thompson reflects back on her life as a Sufi". Public Radio International.
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