List of converts to Islam from Christianity
A
- Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Lew Alcindor) – retired basketball player and the NBA's all-time leading scorer;[1] converted from Christianity to The Nation of Islam and then to mainstream Sunni Islam
- Akhenaton – French rapper and producer of French hip hop; born Philippe Fragiane; converted from Catholicism to Islam[2]
- Al-Najashi – African emperor[3]
- Mahershala Ali (born Mahershalalhashbaz Gilmore) – American actor[4]
- Muhammad Ali (born Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr., 1942-2016) – converted from Baptist[5][6] to The Nation of Islam to Sunni Islam;[7] American professional boxer (three-time world heavyweight champion), philanthropist and social activist
- Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley – British soldier and peer[8][9]
- Ryan G. Anderson – former Lutheran, convicted of charges of espionage for Al Qaeda[10][11]
- Vladimir Arutyunian – failed assassin of George W. Bush, converted to Islam in prison[12]
- Farqad as-Sabakhi – Armenian Islamic preacher; formerly Christian;[13] known for his knowledge of Judeo-Christian scriptures[14]
- Aminah Assilmi – American broadcast journalist formerly known as Janice Huff[15]
B
- Kristiane Backer – German television presenter, television journalist and author residing in London[16]
- Abdullah Beg of Kartli – Georgian convert to Islam; served as a viceroy of Kartli for the Iranian Shah, Nadir in 1737;[17] claimant to the kingship of Kartli
French nobleman Claude Alexandre de Bonneval as "Humbaracı Ahmet Paşa"
- Józef Bem – Polish and Hungarian general; historically defined as a national hero within Poland and Hungary; escaped to the Ottoman Empire where he converted to Islam and took up the name Murad Pasha[18]
- Ibrahim Bey – Egyptian Mamluk of Georgian Christian origins[19]
- Danny Blum – German footballer[20]
- Wojciech Bobowski – raised Protestant; Polish musician; translator of the Bible into Ottoman Turkish[21]
- Omar Bongo – Gabonese, President of Gabon[22]
- Willie Brigitte – French convert to Islam who associated with al-Qaeda in Pakistan; possibly involved in a plot to conduct a terrorist operation in Australia[23]
C
- Torquato Cardilli – Italian ambassador, converted from Catholicism; served as ambassador to Italy in Albania (1991), Tanzania (1993), Saudi Arabia (2000) and Angola (2005)[24]
- André Carson – former Baptist,[25] second Muslim to serve the United States Congress[26]
- Count Cassius – Visigothic aristocrat who founded the Banu Qasi dynasty of Muladi rulers[27]
- Cat Stevens, now known as Yusuf Islam (born Steven Demetre Georgiou; 21 July 1948) – British singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, humanitarian, education philanthropist, and prominent convert to Islam[28]
- Ashley Chin (Muslim Belal) – English actor, screenwriter, spoken word performance poet and former rapper[29]
- Chrisye – Indonesian singer; changed his name to Chrismansyah Rahadi from Christian Rahadi[30]
- Emilia Contessa – Indonesian actress, singer and politician (from Islam to Christianity back to Islam; known as Nur Indah Cintra Sukma Munsyi)[31]
- Jerôme Courtailler – one of two French brothers convicted by French authorities in 2004 for abetting terrorists[32][33][34]
D
- Mujahid Dokubo-Asari – founder and leader of the Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force[35]
- Dragut – seaman of Greek origin[36] He was captured and taken prisoner by the corsairs in his youth and had been forceably converted to Islam.[37]
E
- Isabelle Eberhardt – from Lutheran Christianity, 19th-century explorer and writer[38]
- Abdullah el-Faisal – Muslim cleric who preached in the United Kingdom until he was convicted of stirring up racial hatred and urging his followers to murder Jews, Hindus, Christians, and Americans[39][40]
- Wadih el-Hage – former Al-Qaeda member who was convicted for his part in the 1998 United States embassy bombings[41]
- Keith Ellison – American, Representative from Minnesota's 5th congressional district, first Muslim to be elected to the United States Congress, converted from Catholicism[42]
- Elpidius – Byzantine aristocrat and governor of Sicily[43]
- Yahiya Emerick – American Muslim scholar, President of the Islamic Foundation of North America, converted from Protestantism[44]
- Erekle I of Kakheti – Georgian convert to Islam[45] who ruled the kingdoms of Kakheti and Kartli
- Yusuf Estes – former preacher and federal prison chaplain, converted from Protestantism[46]
- Everlast – rapper from the Irish-American hip-hop group House of Pain, converted from Catholicism[47]
- Gazi Evrenos – Byzantine convert to Islam[48]
F
- Shah Shahidullah Faridi – writer of German descent born to a Christian family[49]
- Firouz – Armenian Christian convert to Islam[50] who served as a spy for Bohemund during the Siege of Antioch[51]
- Myriam Francois-Cerrah – journalist who converted from Roman Catholicism in 2003[52]
- Radu cel Frumos – younger brother of Vlad Ţepeş (Dracula) and prince of the principality of Wallachia, who converted from Catholicism[53]
G
- Adam Gadahn (born Adam Pearlman) – al-Qaeda English language spokesman; home-schooled Christian[54]
- Ghazan – seventh ruler of the Ilkhanate division of the Mongol Empire[55]
- Khalid Gonçalves – Portuguese American actor and musician (born Paul Pires Gonçalves), converted from Catholicism[56]
- Cristian Gonzáles – Uruguayan-born Indonesian footballer[57]
- Charles Greenlee – American jazz trombonist[58]
H
- Sir Archibald Hamilton, 5th Baronet – distinguished British convert to Islam[59][60][61]
- Omar Hammami – American-born member of the Somali Islamist paramilitary group al-Shabaab; known as Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki[62]
- Hatice Refia Hanım – mother of Tevfik Fikret[63]
- Joel Hayward – British scholar, author and poet[64]
- Muhammad Robert Heft – Canadian activist and writer[65]
- Murad Wilfred Hofmann – NATO official, converted from Catholicism[66]
- Knud Holmboe – Danish journalist and explorer who converted from Catholicism[67]
I
Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha was Ottoman Empire's mightiest Grand Vizier.
- Silma Ihram – formerly a born-again Baptist; Australian pioneer of Muslim education in the West; founder and former school Principal of the Noor Al Houda Islamic College; campaigner for racial tolerance; author[68]
- Iyasu V – Ethiopian emperor[69]
J
- Ibn Jazla – 11th-century physician and Christian convert who later wrote to refute doctrines of Christianity[70]
- Jermaine Jackson (Muhammad Abdul Aziz) – Michael Jackson's elder brother and one of the original former members of The Jackson 5[71]
- Sarah Joseph – commentator on women's issues and founder of emel magazine, converted from Catholicism[72]
K
- Abdul Kadir – former Guyanese politician, convicted of the 2007 John F. Kennedy International Airport attack plot[73]
- David Benjamin Keldani – former Catholic priest who converted to Islam and changed his name to Abd ul-Aḥad Dāwūd[74]
- Nuh Ha Mim Keller – Islamic scholar who converted from Catholicism to agnosticism to Sunni Islam[75]
- Allahverdi Khan – general and statesman of Georgian origin who was Christian[76]
- Mirza Malkam Khan – Iranian Armenian proponent of Freemasonry who was active during the period leading up to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution[77]
- John Tzelepes Komnenos – allied himself with the Seljuks against his uncle; Greek convert[78][79]
L
- Colleen LaRose – identifies herself as "Jihad Jane";[80] American citizen charged with terrorism-related crimes[81]
- Leo of Tripoli – Byzantine Greek renegade who freed 4000 Muslim prisoners while attacking the Byzantine city of Thessalonica[82]
- Samantha Lewthwaite – also known as Sherafiyah Lewthwaite or the White Widow, one of the United Kingdom's most wanted terrorism suspects[83]
- Germaine Lindsay – one of the suicide terrorists in the 7 July 2005 London bombings[32][84][85] in which 52 people were murdered
- John Walker Lindh – American insurgent, known as the "American Taliban"; converted from Catholicism[86][87]
- Alexander Litvinenko – former FSB officer; converted to Islam on his deathbed[88][89]
- Fernão Lopes – 16th-century Portuguese soldier; tortured and disfigured by Christians for siding with Muslims[90]
- Badr al-Din Lu'lu' – Armenian convert to Islam[91] and successor to the Zangid rulers of Mosul
- Vincenzo Luvineri – American rapper and the lyricist behind the Philadelphia underground hip-hop group Jedi Mind Tricks; converted from Catholicism[92]
M
- Daniel Maldonado – American Islamist convicted in the United States on charges of training with al-Qaida in East Africa; raised Catholic[93]
- Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood – British author, converted from Protestantism[94]
- Ingrid Mattson – Canadian scholar and current president of the Islamic Society of North America (2006); converted from Catholicism[95]
- Köse Mihal – Byzantine renegade; accompanied Osman al-Ghazi in his ascent to power and converted to Islam[96][97]
- Mleh, Prince of Armenia – Armenian convert to Islam from Catholicism;[98] eighth lord of Armenian Cilicia
- Preacher Moss – American comedian who converted from Baptist Christianity;[99] American comedian and comedy writer[100]
- Matthew Saad Muhammad (formerly Matthew Franklin) – former boxer, converted from Catholicism[101]
- John Allen Muhammad – convicted of perpetrating the Beltway sniper attacks with his partner, Lee Boyd Malvo, in which 17 people were murdered[102]
- Peter Murphy – vocalist of the goth/rock group Bauhaus; converted from Catholicism[103]
- Ibrahim Muteferrika (original name not known) – from Unitarian Christianity, an early example of a Muslim publisher and printer[104]
N
- Adam Neuser – German Lutheran pastor who criticized the doctrine of the trinity and was consequently imprisoned[105]
- Tech N9ne – American rapper born to a Christian mother who converted to Islam during adulthood[106]
O
- Öljaitü – ruler of the Ilkhanate dynasty[107]
- Occhiali – Italian convert[108]
- Omar Pasha (1806–1871) – Ottoman general, born Orthodox[109]
P
- José Padilla – also known as Abdullah al-Muhajir or Muhajir Abdullah; US citizen from Brooklyn, New York; convicted in federal court of aiding terrorists; also known as "the dirty bomber"[110]
- Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha – born to a Christian Croatian[111]
- Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha – Ottoman Grand Vizier[112]
- Koca Yusuf Pasha – Georgian Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire who also served as the governor of Peloponnese[113]
- Damat Hasan Pasha – Ottoman Grand Vizier[114] He converted to Islam early on at the Enderun School through the Devşirme Christian child tax system.[115]
- Moralı Enişte Hasan Pasha – Greek Ottoman Grand Vizier[116]
- Judar Pasha – conqueror of the Songhai Empire[117]
- Raghib Pasha – Greek Ottoman politician who served as Prime Minister of Egypt;[118] converted to Islam from Christianity[119]
- Zağanos Pasha – one of the prominent military commanders of Mehmet II (Mehmet the Conqueror) and a lala, at once an advisor, mentor, tutor, councillor, protector, for the sultan[120]
- Vyacheslav Polosin – Russian academic and former priest of the Russian Orthodox Church[121]
- Poncke Princen – Dutch soldier and human rights activist; converted from Catholicism[122]
R
- Ilie II Rareş – prince of Moldavia[123]
- Richard Colvin Reid – "shoe bomber"; convicted terrorist[124]
- Murat Reis or Jan Janszoon – Dutch Barbary corsair who was an admiral for the Republic of Salé; converted from Christianity; became a very active Muslim missionary who tried to convert his fellow Christian Europeans[125]
- Yvonne Ridley – British journalist, from Anglicanism; converted after being kidnapped and released by the Taliban[126][127]
- Robert of St. Albans – English templar knight who converted to Islam from Christianity in 1185 and led an army for Saladin against the Crusaders in Jerusalem[128]
- Baron Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels – baptised as Rolf Werner Leopold von Ehrenfels; changed his name; prominent Austrian personality; decided to convert to Islam around 1926[129]
S
- Salman the Persian – convert from Christianity;[130] previously Zoroastrian
- Ahmed Santos – Filipino, fugitive, founder of the Rajah Solaiman Movement; converted from Catholicism[131][132][133]
- Ratna Sarumpaet – Indonesian stagewright, director, and actress[134]
- Mario Scialoja – Italian ambassador; President of the World Muslim League[135]
- Betty Shabazz – wife of Malcolm X; former Methodist[136]
- Zaid Shakir – American Muslim; former Baptist who converted to Sunni Islam; speaker, intellectual, author, Islamic scholar, and co-founder of Zaytuna College in the United States[137][138]
- Omar Sharif – Egyptian actor who converted from Catholicism[139][140]
- Ahmad Faris Shidyaq – Lebanese scholar, writer and journalist; Maronite convert to Islam[141]
- Mimar Sinan – Ottoman architect; converted to Islam and trained as an officer of the Janissary corps[142]
- Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (1506–1578) – Ottoman statesman; born Orthodox, converted through devşirme[143]
- Daniel Streich – Swiss military instructor, community council member and a former member of Swiss People's Party who led the campaign for the national ban on the construction of new minarets[144][145]
- Kösem Sultan – powerful and influential woman in the Ottoman Empire[146][147]
- Handan Sultan – mother of Ottoman sultan Ahmed I[148]
T
- Abu Tammam – 9th-century Arab poet born to Christian parents[149]
- Tekuder – Mongol leader of the Ilkhan empire; formerly a Nestorian Christian[150]
- Danny Thompson – English double bass player; converted from Catholicism[151]
- Joseph Thomas – Australian convert, acquitted of terrorism charges, placed under a control order under the Australian Anti-Terrorism Act 2005, currently pending retrial[152][153]
- Mihnea Turcitul – Prince (Voivode) of Walachia; converted from Eastern Orthodox Christianity[154]
- Anselm Turmeda – Majorcan writer, Franciscan friar[155]
- Mike Tyson – American boxer and Sunni Muslim[156]
U
- Ismael Urbain – French journalist and interpreter[157]
- Abu Usamah – American-born Imam of Green Lane Masjid in Birmingham, UK; accused of preaching messages of hate towards non-Muslims in a UK television documentary[158]
V
- Bryant Neal Vinas – participated in and supported al-Qaeda plots in Afghanistan and the US, and helped al-Qaeda plan a bomb attack on the LIRR[159]
- Rudolf Carl von Slatin – Anglo-Austrian soldier and administrator in the Sudan; later reverted to Catholicism[160]
W
- Siraj Wahaj – former Baptist,[161] African-American imam, noted for his efforts to eliminate Brooklyn's drug problems[162]
- Alexander Russell Webb – former Presbyterian,[163] American journalist, newspaper owner, and former Consul-General of the US in the Philippines[164][165]
- Suhaib Webb – American Islamic activist and speaker[166]
- Danny Williams – British boxer[167]
- Sonny Bill Williams – New Zealand rugby union Rep player (All Blacks) and NZ representative Rugby League player (Kiwis)[168]
- G. Willow Wilson – American comics writer, prose author, essayist, and journalist[169]
- Timothy Winter – British Islamic scholar, lecturer in Islamic studies in the Faculty of Divinity at the University of Cambridge[170]
X
- Malcolm X – American Muslim minister, public speaker, and human rights activist; converted from Christianity to the Nation of Islam and later to mainstream Sunni Islam[171]
Y
- Khalid Yasin – Executive Director of the Islamic Teaching Institute, and a Shaykh currently residing in Australia[172]
- Felixia Yeap – former model and Catholic of Chinese heritage; converted to Islam in 2013[173]
- James Yee – previously Lutheran[174] and former US Army Muslim chaplain[175]
- Mohammad Yousuf – Pakistani cricketer; known for holding the world record for the most Test runs in a single calendar year; converted from Catholicism[176]
- Hamza Yusuf – American convert from Greek Orthodox to Sunni Islam; co-founder of the Zaytuna College[177]
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A new star was now rising in the piratical firmament, Barbarossa's lieutenant Dragut-Reis, a Greek who had been taken prisoner by the corsairs in his youth and had turned Mahometan.
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A new star was now rising in the piratical firmament, Barbarossa's lieutenant Dragut-Reis, a Greek who had been taken prisoner by the corsairs in his youth and had turned Mahometan.
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Hence, for example, Theophanes tells how Elpidios, the strategos of Sicily, took refuge in Africa, without mentioning his conversion to Islam.
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Then right on 9th October 2003 Christian Gonzales decided to convert to Islam on the basis of their own accord in the presence of the Great Mosque cleric Mustafa al Akbar Surabaya
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His cousin Mary's first husband, Charles Greenlee, had been a devout disciple...
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..Lopez and others had converted to Islam and sided with Moslem resistance to the Portuguese.
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- ↑ Evg Radushev, Svetlana Ivanova, Rumen Kovachev - Narodna biblioteka "Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiĭ. Orientalski otdel, International Centre for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art, and Culture (2003). Inventory of Ottoman Turkish documents about Waqf preserved in the Oriental Department at the St. St. Cyril and Methodius National Library. Narodna biblioteka "Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiĭ. p. 224. ISBN 954-523-072-X.
Hasan Pasa (Damad-i- Padisahi), Greek convert from Morea.
- ↑ Evg Radushev, Svetlana Ivanova, Rumen Kovachev - Narodna biblioteka "Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiĭ. Orientalski otdel, International Centre for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art, and Culture (2003). Inventory of Ottoman Turkish documents about Waqf preserved in the Oriental Department at the St. St. Cyril and Methodius National Library. Narodna biblioteka "Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiĭ. p. 224. ISBN 954-523-072-X.
Hasan Pasa (Damad-i- Padisahi), Greek convert from Morea.
- ↑ Evg Radushev, Svetlana Ivanova, Rumen Kovachev – Narodna biblioteka "Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiĭ. Orientalski otdel, International Centre for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art, and Culture (2003). Inventory of Ottoman Turkish documents about Waqf preserved in the Oriental Department at the St. St. Cyril and Methodius National Library. Narodna biblioteka "Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiĭ. p. 224. ISBN 954523072X.
Hasan Pasa (Damad-i- Padisahi), Greek convert from Morea.
- ↑ Davidson, Basil. Africa in History. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.
- ↑ Mohamed, Duse (1911). In the land of the pharaohs: a short history of Egypt from the fall of Ismail to the assassination of Boutros Pasha. D. Appleton and company. p. xii. OCLC 301095947.
PRIME MINISTERS * Ragheb Pasha was Prime Minister from July 12, 1882
- ↑ Schölch, Alexander (1981). Egypt for the Egyptians!: the socio-political crisis in Egypt, 1878–1882. Ithaca Press. p. 326. ISBN 0903729822.
Isma'il Raghib was born in Greece in 1819; the sources differ over his homeland. After first being kidnapped to Anatolia, he was brought as a slave to Egypt in 1246 (1830/1), by Ibrahim Pasha, and there he was 'converted' from Christianity
- ↑ The Genoese in Galata: 1453–1682, Louis Mitler, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 10, No. (Feb. 1979), pp. 71–91.
- ↑ Russian Archpriest Viacheslav Polosin Converts to Islam
- ↑ "Ponke, a human rights hero, is dead". Etan.org. 28 February 2002. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ The Historians' History of the World, by Henry Smith Williams, p. 137, published 1907
- ↑ Elliott, Michael (16 February 2002). "The Shoe Bomber's World". TIME. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ Stephen Snelders, The Devil's Anarchy: The Sea Robberies of the Most Famous Pirate Claes G. Compaen, p. 24,
After his conversion, Jansz. proselytized actively for his new faith, trying to convert Christian slaves...
- ↑ "Yvonne Ridley: From captive to convert", by Hannah Bayman, BBC News (online), 21 September 2004
- ↑ "BBC Inside Out – Yvonne Ridley". Bbc.co.uk. 6 October 2003. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ Pirates and the Lost Templar Fleet, by David Hatcher Childress, pg. 94
- ↑ Dr. Umar Rolf Baron Ehrenfels (Austria)
- ↑ Spellman, Kathryn (2004). Religion and nation: Iranian local and transnational networks in Britain. New York: Berghahn Books. p. 145. ISBN 9781571815767.
- ↑ "In Philippines, watchful eye on converts". Csmonitor.com. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ "Militant Islamic Converts And Terrorism in the Philippines" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2008. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ "MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base". Tkb.org. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ Winet, Evan Darwin (2007). "Sarumpaet, Ratna (1949 –)". In Cody, Gabrielle. The Columbia Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. 2. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 1190–1191. ISBN 978-0-231-14424-7.
- ↑ "Europe | Italy prepares for new terrorism". BBC News. 4 August 2005. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ "Free Resources – Black History – Biographies – Betty Shabazz". Gale. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ Lonnie Shavelson (20 July 2010). "First Muslim College in US to Open in Berkeley". californiareport.org. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
- ↑ "New Islamic Directions". New Islamic Directions. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ Omar Sharif converts to Islam
- ↑ Ahmed Ramzi witness the conversion of Omar Sharif
- ↑ The holy cities, the pilgrimage and the world of Islām: a history from the earliest traditions until 1925 (1344H), pg. 310, by Ghālib ibn ʻAwaḍ Quʻayṭī (al-Sulṭān), Sultan Ghalib al-Qu'aiti
- ↑ Marshall Cavendish Reference, Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World, p. 59
- ↑ Dvornik, Francis (1962). The Slavs in European History and Civilization. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. p. 356. ISBN 0-8135-0799-5.
- ↑ "20 Minuten Online – Ex-SVPler: "Schweiz braucht mehr Moscheen" – Schweiz" (in German). 20 Minuten. 23 November 2009. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
- ↑ Von Michael Scharenberg (November 11, 2009). "Muslime in Uniform: Sicherheits-Risiko für unsere Armee? - Schweiz - News - Blick.ch" (in German). Blicko. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
- ↑ Hogan, Christine (2006). The Veiled Lands: A Woman's Journey Into the Heart of the Islamic World. Macmillan Publishers Aus. p. 74. ISBN 9781405037013.
Kosem was born on the Macedonian island of Tinos, where she was born as Anastasia, the daughter of a Macedonian Orthodox priest. Captured by slavers, she was sent to Istanbul by Bosna beylerbeyi
- ↑ Freely, John (1996). Istanbul: the imperial city. Viking. p. 215. ISBN 0-14-024461-1.
Then around 1608 Ahmet found a new favourite, a Macedonian girl named Anastasia, who had been captured on the island of Tinos and sent as a slave to the Harem, where she took the name of Kosem
- ↑ The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire
- ↑ Ibn Ab̄i Tahir Ṭāyfūr and Arabic writerly culture a ninth-century bookman in Baghdad Routledge Curzon Studies in Arabic and Middle-Eastern Literatures: A Ninth-century Bookman in Baghdad, by Shawkat M. Toorawa, pg. 94
- ↑ A history of the Crusades, by Steven Runciman, pg. 397
- ↑ "The Music Show – 24 February 2007 – Danny Thompson". Abc.net.au. 24 February 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ Thomas convicted under terror laws, Four Corners, 27 February 2006
- ↑ ABC staff (20 December 2006). "Thomas to face retrial on terrorism charges". ABC online. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 20 December 2006.
- ↑ Ştefan Ştefănescu, Istoria medie a României, Bucharest, Vol. I, 1991, p.164
- ↑ Juan Goytisolo and the Poetics of Contagion, pg.133, by Stanley Beck
- ↑ ["The Tyson, Olajuwon Connection". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). 1994-11-13. Retrieved 2008-03-14.]
- ↑ Michel Levallois, Ismaÿl Urbain (1812–1884) : une autre conquête de l'Algérie, ed. Maisonneuve & Larose, 2001, ISBN 2-7068-1533-7, pages, 33-36
- ↑ Stephen Brook (8 August 2007). "newspaper report on police investigation into undercover mosque program. Wednesday August 8, 2007". London: Guardian. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ Powell, Michael (23 July 2009). "U.S. Recruit Reveals How Qaeda Trains Foreigners". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
- ↑ Slatin, Rudolf Karl, Baron von. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 3 July 2007.
- ↑ Islam in America, by Jane I. Smith, pg. 196
- ↑ Kohn, Rachael. The Black imam of Brooklyn
- ↑ Islam in America, by Jane I. Smith, pg. 189
- ↑ "Conversion: Islam, the growing religion". Salaam.co.uk. 1 October 1916. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ "The "Yankee Mohammedan": Alexander Russell Webb and the". Encyclopedia.com. 1 January 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20061231154949/http://www.sunnipath.com/about/shaykhsuhaib.aspx. Archived from the original on 31 December 2006. Retrieved 15 March 2012. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "Beds Herts and Bucks – Sport – Williams on boxing: I am not supposed to do it!". BBC. 18 July 2005. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑
- ↑ G. Willow Wilson - Converting To Islam And Selling Comics by Greg Baldino
- ↑ "Feature Interview: Tim Winter (aka Abdul Hakim Murad) :: Sunday Nights". Abc.net.au. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ Tim Stanley, Malcolm X's assassination robbed the world of a Muslim civil rights visionary, telegraph
- ↑ "Transcript of Sheikh Khalid Yasin-07/09/2003: Sunday Nights With John Cleary". Abc.net.au. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ Alex Wellman, Former Playboy bunny Felixia Yeap announces 'rebirth' following conversion to Islam
- ↑ Parker, Laura (16 May 2004). "The Ordeal of Chaplain Lee". Usatoday.com. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ CNN.com – U.S. Army Muslim chaplain arrested – September 22, 2003 Archived 5 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Mohammed Yousuf". Content-usa.cricinfo.com. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ↑ "Convert Plays Leadership Role in Muslim Community". NPR. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
See also
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