List of bats of Madagascar
Bats are one of the major components of the indigenous mammalian fauna of Madagascar, in addition to tenrecs, lemurs, euplerid carnivores, and nesomyine rodents. Forty-six bat species have so far been recorded on Madagascar, of which thirty-six occur only on the island. However, new species continue to be discovered, causing the number of species to rise rapidly; for example, Nick Garbutt's Mammals of Madagascar (2007) listed only 36 species.[1] Most Malagasy bats have their origins in nearby mainland Africa, but on at least three occasions—Pipistrellus raceyi, Pteropus rufus, and the species pair Emballonura atrata–E. tiavato—bats have colonized Madagascar from Asia.[2]
Taxonomic classification
The following bat genera and families include species found on Madagascar (all species counts are for Madagascar only):
- Family Pteropodidae (3 endemic species)
- Family Hipposideridae (6 endemic species)
- Genus Hipposideros (2 endemic species, one of which is extinct)
- Genus Paratriaenops (2 endemic species)
- Genus Triaenops (2 endemic species, one of which is extinct)
- Family Emballonuridae (2 endemic, 2 non-endemic species)
- Genus Coleura (1 non-endemic species)
- Genus Emballonura (2 endemic species)
- Genus Taphozous (1 non-endemic species)
- Family Nycteridae (1 endemic species)
- Genus Nycteris (1 endemic species)
- Family Myzopodidae (2 endemic species)
- Genus Myzopoda (2 endemic species)
- Family Molossidae (5 endemic, 3 non-endemic species)
- Genus Chaerephon (2 endemic, 1 non-endemic species)
- Genus Mops (1 endemic, 1 non-endemic species)
- Genus Mormopterus (1 endemic species)
- Genus Otomops (1 endemic species)
- Genus Tadarida (1 non-endemic species)
- Family Miniopteridae (9 endemic, 2 non-endemic species)
- Genus Miniopterus (9 endemic, 2 non-endemic species)
- Family Vespertilionidae (8 endemic, 4 non-endemic species)
- Genus Hypsugo (1 non-endemic species)
- Genus Myotis (1 endemic species)
- Genus Neoromicia (3 endemic species)
- Genus Pipistrellus (1 endemic, 1 non-endemic species)
- Genus Scotophilus (3 endemic, 1 non-endemic species)
Key
| Scientific name | Scientific name of the species |
| Classified | Year when the species was formally described and classified, as well as the binomial authority of the species |
| Distribution | Geographic distribution of the species. Abbreviations used are S, south; N, north; E, east; W, west; C, central; SW, southwest; etcetera. |
| Forearm | Range in forearm length of adult members of the species, in metric and English units |
| Conservation status | Conservation status of the species, per IUCN as of 2008, except as indicated. "Not evaluated" is used to indicate that no IUCN status assessment is available. |
Family Pteropodidae
Pteropodidae are a diverse family, with 186 species recognized in 2005,[3] which occurs across the tropical regions of the Old World. They include the largest bats, but also some smaller species, and are mostly diurnal and frugivorous. Three species are known from Madagascar; each is classified in its own genus and is most closely related to species from outside Madagascar.[4]
| Scientific name | Classified | Distribution | Forearm | Conservation status | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eidolon dupreanum[Note 1] | 1866, Pollen | Madagascar only | 115 to 130 mm (4.5 to 5.1 in) | Vulnerable | [6] |
| Pteropus rufus | 1803, E. Geoffroy | Madagascar only | 155 to 175 mm (6.1 to 6.9 in) | Vulnerable | [7] |
| Rousettus madagascariensis[Note 2] | 1928, G. Grandidier | Madagascar only; absent in SW | 65 to 75 mm (2.6 to 3.0 in) | Near Threatened | [9] |
Family Hipposideridae
Hipposideridae are a moderately diverse family—81 species were listed in 2005[3]—and occur across the Old World tropics. Insectivorous, cave-roosting, and characterized by an elaborate noseleaf, they have often been united with the horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus; absent from Madagascar) into a single family Rhinolophidae, but are currently classified separately. Six species, all endemic, are known from Madagascar, of which four are extant. Hipposideros commersoni is the largest non-pteropodid bat of Madagascar and the extinct Hipposideros besaoka was even larger. The other species belong to the closely related genera Triaenops and Paratriaenops; the latter was split from Triaenops in 2009 and is restricted to Madagascar and the western Seychelles.[10]
| Scientific name | Classified | Distribution | Forearm | Conservation status | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hipposideros besaoka | 2007, Samonds | Anjohibe, NW Madagascar only | – | Extinct[Note 3] | [11] |
| Hipposideros commersoni | 1813, E. Geoffroy | Madagascar only | 83 to 97 mm (3.3 to 3.8 in) | Near Threatened | [12] |
| Paratriaenops auritus[Note 4] | 1912, G. Grandidier | N and NW Madagascar only | 44 to 51 mm (1.7 to 2.0 in) | Vulnerable[Note 5] | [14] |
| Paratriaenops furculus[Note 4] | 1906, Trouessart | W and SW Madagascar only | 42 to 49 mm (1.7 to 1.9 in) | Least Concern[Note 6] | [15] |
| Triaenops goodmani | 2007, Samonds | Anjohibe, NW Madagascar only | – | Extinct[Note 3] | [16] |
| Triaenops menamena[Note 7] | 2009, Goodman and Ranivo | N, W, and S Madagascar only | 46 to 56 mm (1.8 to 2.2 in) | Least Concern[Note 8] | [18] |
Family Emballonuridae
With 51 species (2005),[3] Emballonuridae are a moderately diverse family. Found in tropical and subtropical regions across the world, they are characterized by a tail that extends beyond the uropatagium (tail membrane), but may be retracted into a sheath. Four species are known from Madagascar, of which two are endemic and two others are shared with mainland Africa.[19]
| Scientific name | Classified | Distribution | Forearm | Conservation status | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coleura afra | 1852, Peters | Ankarana, N Madagascar; Sub-Saharan Africa; Yemen | 45 to 55 mm (1.8 to 2.2 in) | Least Concern | [20] |
| Emballonura atrata | 1836, Eydoux and Gervais | E Madagascar only | c. 37 to 40 mm (1.5 to 1.6 in) | Least Concern | [21] |
| Emballonura tiavato | 2006, Goodman et al. | N and W Madagascar only | 35 to 41 mm (1.4 to 1.6 in) | Least Concern | [22] |
| Taphozous mauritianus | 1818, E. Geoffroy | Madagascar and other W Indian Ocean islands; Sub-Saharan Africa | 58 to 64 mm (2.3 to 2.5 in) | Least Concern | [23] |
Family Nycteridae
Nycteridae is a small family of 16 species (2005)[3] in a single genus found in Africa and east to the Sunda Islands. They are characterized by a groove on their face and are insectivorous. A single, poorly known species has been recorded from Madagascar.[24]
| Scientific name | Classified | Distribution | Forearm | Conservation status | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nycteris madagascariensis[Note 9] | 1937, G. Grandidier | N Madagascar only | 50 to 52 mm (about 2.0 in) | Data Deficient | [26] |
Family Myzopodidae
This family, characterized by suction disks on the hand and feet, is unique to Madagascar. (It does, however, have a fossil record in Africa extending from the late Eocene to the Pleistocene.[27]) A single species has historically been recognized, but eastern and western populations were classified as separate species in 2007.[28]
| Scientific name | Classified | Distribution | Forearm | Conservation status | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myzopoda aurita | 1878, Milne-Edwards and Grandidier | E Madagascar only | 46 to 49 mm (1.8 to 1.9 in) | Least Concern | [29] |
| Myzopoda schliemanni | 2007, Goodman et al. | W Madagascar only | 45 to 49 mm (1.8 to 1.9 in) | Least Concern | [30] |
Family Molossidae
This diverse family of 100 species (2005)[3] occurs across the world in tropical regions. The tail conspicuously projects from the uropatagium and the wings are long. Eight species are known from Madagascar, four of which are endemic.[31]
| Scientific name | Classified | Distribution | Forearm | Conservation status | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chaerephon atsinanana[Note 10] | 2010, Goodman et al. | E Madagascar | 37 to 42 mm (1.5 to 1.7 in) | [33] | |
| Chaerephon jobimena | 2004, Goodman and Cardiff | Madagascar only | 45 to 48 mm (1.8 to 1.9 in) | Least Concern | [34] |
| Chaerephon leucogaster | 1870, A. Grandidier | W Madagascar; Sub-Saharan Africa; Mayotte | 33 to 38 mm (1.3 to 1.5 in) | Not evaluated[Note 11] | [36] |
| Mops leucostigma | 1918, G.M. Allen | Madagascar only | 42 to 45 mm (1.7 to 1.8 in) | Least Concern[Note 12] | [37] |
| Mops midas | 1843, Sundevall | Madagascar; Sub-Saharan Africa; Saudi Arabia | 62 to 63 mm (2.4 to 2.5 in) | Least Concern[Note 13] | [38] |
| Mormopterus jugularis | 1865, Peters | Madagascar only | 37 to 40 mm (1.5 to 1.6 in) | Least Concern | [39] |
| Otomops madagascariensis[Note 14] | 1953, Dorst | Madagascar only | 59 to 65 mm (2.3 to 2.6 in) | Least Concern | [41] |
| Tadarida fulminans | 1903, Thomas | Madagascar; Sub-Saharan Africa north to Kenya | 57 to 60 mm (2.2 to 2.4 in) | Least Concern | [42] |
Family Miniopteridae
This family contains a single genus, Miniopterus, with 19 species recognized in 2005,[43] which was classified in Vespertilionidae until recently.[44] Insectivorous and characterized by long fingers, the species are all quite similar, leading to a confused classification. On Madagascar, four species were recognized as recently as 2007, but systematic research has led the number to increase to eleven, of which nine are restricted to Madagascar and two shared with the Comoros.[45]
| Scientific name | Classified | Distribution | Forearm | Conservation status | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miniopterus aelleni | 2009, Goodman et al. | N and W Madagascar; Anjouan, Comoros | 35 to 41 mm (1.4 to 1.6 in) | Not evaluated | [46] |
| Miniopterus brachytragos | 2009, Goodman et al. | N and W Madagascar only | 35 to 38 mm (1.4 to 1.5 in) | Not evaluated | [47] |
| Miniopterus egeri | 2011, Goodman et al. | E Madagascar only | 37 to 40 mm (1.5 to 1.6 in) | Not evaluated | [48] |
| Miniopterus gleni | 1995, Peterson et al. | Madagascar only, except S | 47 to 50 mm (1.9 to 2.0 in) | Least Concern | [49] |
| Miniopterus griffithsi | 2009, Goodman et al. | S Madagascar only | 48 to 50 mm (1.9 to 2.0 in) | Not evaluated | [50] |
| Miniopterus griveaudi | 1959, Harrison | N and W Madagascar; Comoros | 35 to 38 mm (1.4 to 1.5 in) | Data Deficient | [51] |
| Miniopterus mahafaliensis | 2009, Goodman et al. | S Madagascar only | 35 to 40 mm (1.4 to 1.6 in) | Not evaluated | [52] |
| Miniopterus majori | 1906, Thomas | Madagascar only[Note 15] | 43 to 47 mm (1.7 to 1.9 in) | Least Concern | [54] |
| Miniopterus manavi | 1906, Thomas | Central Highlands, Madagascar only | 38 to 39 mm (1.5 to 1.5 in) | Least Concern | [55] |
| Miniopterus petersoni | 2008, Goodman et al. | SE Madagascar only | 38 to 43 mm (1.5 to 1.7 in) | Data Deficient | [56] |
| Miniopterus sororculus | 2007, Goodman et al. | Central Highlands, Madagascar only | 42 to 45 mm (1.7 to 1.8 in) | Least Concern | [57] |
Family Vespertilionidae
With 407 species (2005; including Miniopterus, which is now classified in its own family), Vespertilionidae is the largest bat family.[3] Characterized by a tail contained in the uropatagium, they occur around the world in many habitats and are insectivorous.[58] Madagascar hosts an endemic species of the extremely widespread genus Myotis, four species (three endemic) of the house bat Scotophilus, and at least six (four endemic) of small vespertilionids ("pipistrelles") in the genera Hypsugo, Eptesicus, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus.[59] The classification of the "pipistrelles" is confused, leading to many changing identifications.[60] In addition to the six "pipistrelles" listed here, the African Neoromicia nanus has also been recorded from Madagascar, but the identification of the Madagascar records needs to be confirmed.[61]
| Scientific name | Classified | Distribution | Forearm | Conservation status | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypsugo anchietae[Note 16] | 1900, Seabra | SW Madagascar; southern Africa | 28 to 31 mm (1.1 to 1.2 in) | Least Concern[Note 17] | [62] |
| Myotis goudoti | 1834, A. Smith | Madagascar only | 32 to 41 mm (1.3 to 1.6 in) | Least Concern | [63] |
| Neoromicia malagasyensis[Note 18] | 1995, Peterson et al. | Isalo, SC Madagascar only | 30 to 32 mm (1.2 to 1.3 in) | Endangered[Note 19] | [64] |
| Neoromicia matroka[Note 20] | 1905, Thomas and Schwann | E Madagascar only | 31 to 33 mm (1.2 to 1.3 in) | Least Concern[Note 21] | [65] |
| Neoromicia robertsi[Note 22] | 2012, Goodman et al. | E Madagascar only | 34 to 38 mm (1.3 to 1.5 in) | Not evaluated | [66] |
| Pipistrellus hesperidus[Note 23] | 1840, Temminck | W Madagascar; Sub-Saharan Africa | 29 to 31 mm (1.1 to 1.2 in) | Least Concern | [67] |
| Pipistrellus raceyi | 2006, Bates et al. | W and E Madagascar only | 28 to 31 mm (1.1 to 1.2 in) | Least Concern | [68] |
| Scotophilus cf. borbonicus[Note 24] | 1803, E. Geoffroy | Sarodrano, SW Madagascar; Réunion | 51 to 52 mm (about 2.0 in) | Data Deficient | [69] |
| Scotophilus marovaza | 2006, Goodman et al. | W Madagascar only | 41 to 45 mm (1.6 to 1.8 in) | Least Concern | [70] |
| Scotophilus robustus | 1881, Milne-Edwards | Madagascar only | 62 to 65 mm (2.4 to 2.6 in) | Least Concern | [71] |
| Scotophilus tandrefana | 2005, Goodman et al. | W Madagascar only | 44 to 47 mm (1.7 to 1.9 in) | Data Deficient | [72] |
See also
Notes
- ↑ Sometimes included in the mainland African species Eidolon helvum.[5]
- ↑ Sometimes included in the mainland African species Rousettus lanosus.[8]
- 1 2 Not in IUCN Red List.
- 1 2 Previously placed in the genus Triaenops as Triaenops auritus and Triaenops furculus, but now classified in Paratriaenops.[13]
- ↑ As Triaenops auritus.
- ↑ As Triaenops furculus.
- ↑ Populations now included in this species have previously also been included in Triaenops persicus, which is now restricted to the Middle East, but are more conventionally known as Triaenops rufus. This name is, however, in fact a synonym of T. persicus; therefore, the new name menamena was introduced for the Madagascan populations in 2009.[17]
- ↑ As Triaenops rufus.
- ↑ Sometimes included in the mainland African species Nycteris macrotis.[25]
- ↑ Previously included in the mainland African Chaerephon pumilus (or Tadarida pumila).[32]
- ↑ Included in Tadarida pumila.[35]
- ↑ As Tadarida leucostigma.
- ↑ As Tadarida midas.
- ↑ Previously included in the mainland African Otomops martiensseni.[40]
- ↑ Although often cited for the Comoros, its occurrence there is questionable.[53]
- ↑ Previously placed in the genus Pipistrellus as Pipistrellus anchietae.
- ↑ As Pipistrellus anchietae.
- ↑ Previously included in Eptesicus, as Eptesicus malagasyensis and/or considered a subspecies of Neoromicia somalicus (=Eptesicus somalicus) from mainland Africa.
- ↑ As Eptesicus malagasyensis.
- ↑ Previously included in Eptesicus or Pipistrellus and/or considered a subspecies of Neoromicia capensis (=Eptesicus capensis; Pipistrellus capensis).
- ↑ As Eptesicus matroka.
- ↑ Specimens identified as this species were previously called Neoromicia melckorum, and they have also been included in the genus Eptesicus or Pipistrellus.
- ↑ Previously included in the European species Pipistrellus kuhlii.
- ↑ It is uncertain whether the single known specimen from Madagascar belongs to this species, otherwise known from Réunion by a single specimen.
References
- ↑ Garbutt, 2007, p. 59
- ↑ Bates et al., 2006, p. 321
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wilson and Reeder, 2005, p. xxix
- ↑ Nowak, 1994, pp. 48–49; Garbutt, 2007, p. 59
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 321
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 321; Garbutt, 2007, p. 62; Andriafidison et al., 2008a
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 343; Garbutt, 2007, p. 60; Andriafidison et al., 2008b
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 348
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 348; Garbutt, 2007, p. 64; Andriafidison et al., 2008c
- ↑ Nowak, 1994, p. 110; Garbutt, 2007, pp. 68–69; Samonds, 2007; Benda and Vallo, 2009
- ↑ Samonds, 2007, pp. 49ff., 62
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 369; Garbutt, 2007, p. 69; Andriafidison et al., 2008f
- ↑ Benda and Vallo, 2009, p. 34
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 378; Ranivo and Goodman, 2007, p. 964, appendix 2; Benda and Vallo, 2009, p. 34; Andriafidison et al., 2008o
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 378; Ranivo and Goodman, 2007, p. 964, appendix 2; Benda and Vallo, 2009, p. 34; Andriafidison et al., 2008p
- ↑ Samonds, 2007, pp. 46ff., 62
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 379; Goodman and Ranivo, 2009, p. 54; Benda and Vallo, 2009, p. 34
- ↑ Ranivo and Goodman, 2007, appendix 3; Goodman and Ranivo, 2009, p. 54; Benda and Vallo, 2009, p. 34; Andriafidison et al., 2008q
- ↑ Walker, 1994, pp. 87–88; Garbutt, 2007, p. 64
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 386; Garbutt, 2007, p. 66; Goodman et al., 2008a; Mickleburgh et al., 2008c
- ↑ Goodman et al., 2006a; Garbutt, 2007, p. 65; Jenkins et al., 2008a
- ↑ Goodman et al., 2006a; Garbutt, 2007, p. 66; Jenkins et al., 2008b
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 384; Garbutt, 2007, p. 67; Hutson et al., 2008c
- ↑ Walker, 1994, pp. 101–102; Garbutt, 2007, p. 68
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, pp. 392–393
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 393; Garbutt, 2007, p. 68; Hutson et al., 2008a
- ↑ Gunnell, G. F.; Simmons, N. B.; Seiffert, E. R. (2014-02-04). "New Myzopodidae (Chiroptera) from the Late Paleogene of Egypt: Emended Family Diagnosis and Biogeographic Origins of Noctilionoidea". PLoS ONE. 9 (2): e86712. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086712. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
- ↑ Garbutt, 2007, p. 72; Goodman et al., 2007
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 394; Garbutt, 2007, p. 72; Goodman et al., 2007; Jenkins et al., 2008c
- ↑ Garbutt, 2007, p. 73; Goodman et al., 2007; Jenkins et al., 2008d
- ↑ Garbutt, 2007, pp. 80–84
- ↑ Mickleburgh et al., 2008; Goodman et al., 2010c, pp. 1–2
- ↑ Goodman et al., 2010c, pp. 1–2, table 2
- ↑ Goodman and Cardiff, 2004, table 1; Garbutt, 2007, p. 82; Andriafidison et al., 2014
- ↑ Mickleburgh et al., 2008b
- ↑ Goodman and Cardiff, 2004, p. 227; Simmons, 2005, p. 434; Mickleburgh et al., 2008b; Ratrimomanarivo et al., 2009, table 1; Goodman et al., 2010b, p. 128
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 442; Garbutt, 2007, p. 83; Andriafidison et al., 2008n
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 442; Garbutt, 2007, p. 83; Jenkins et al., 2008e
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 445; Garbutt, 2007, p. 80; Andriafidison et al., 2008j
- ↑ Andriafidison et al., 2008k
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 447; Garbutt, 2007, p. 84; Andriafidison et al., 2008k
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 450; Garbutt, 2007, p. 81 Cotterill et al., 2008
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, pp. 519–522
- ↑ Miller-Butterworth et al., 2007, p. 1553
- ↑ Garbutt, 2007, pp. 77–80; subsequent revisions cited below
- ↑ Goodman et al., 2009, p. 6, table 3
- ↑ Goodman et al., 2009, fig. 1, table 3
- ↑ Goodman et al., 2011, p. 1, table 5
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 519; Andriafidison et al., 2008g; Goodman et al., 2010a, fig. 1, table 1
- ↑ Goodman et al., 2010a, fig. 1, table 1
- ↑ Juste, 2008; Goodman et al., 2009, p. 5, table 3
- ↑ Goodman et al., 2009, fig. 1, table 3
- ↑ Goodman et al., 2010b, p. 132
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 520; Jenkins and Rakotoarivelo, 2008a; Goodman et al., 2010b, p. 132
- ↑ Goodman et al., 2009, p. 5, table 3; Andriafidison et al., 2008h
- ↑ Goodman et al., 2008b, fig. 1, table 1; 2009, p. 5; Jenkins and Rakotoarivelo, 2008b
- ↑ Goodman et al., 2008b, fig. 1, table 1; Jenkins et al., 2008f
- ↑ Garbutt, 2007, p. 73
- ↑ Garbutt, 2007, pp. 73–77; Bates et al., 2006, p. 299
- ↑ Bates et al., 2006, pp. 299–300
- ↑ Bates et al., 2006, p. 320; Hutson et al., 2008b
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 489; Bates et al., 2006, table 1, fig. 7, p. 319; Jacobs et al., 2008
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 508; Garbutt, 2007, p. 74; Andriafidison et al., 2008i
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 495; Bates et al., 2006, table 1, pp. 313, 315; Andriafidison et al., 2008d
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 456; Bates et al., 2006, table 1, fig. 7, pp. 312–313; Andriafidison et al., 2008e
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 494; Bates et al., 2006, table 1, fig. 7, pp. 315–316; Goodman et al., 2012
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 474; Bates et al., 2006, table 1, fig. 7, pp. 317–318; Mickleburgh et al., 2008a
- ↑ Bates et al., 2006, table 1, fig. 7; Jenkins et al., 2008g
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 465; Goodman et al., 2005, table 1, pp. 871–873; Garbutt, 2007, p. 76; Andriafidison et al., 2008k
- ↑ Goodman et al., 2006b, p. 21, table 1; Jenkins et al., 2008h
- ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 467; Goodman et al., 2005, table 1, pp. 873–875; Garbutt, 2007, p. 76; Andriafidison et al., 2008l
- ↑ Goodman et al., 2005, table 1, p. 875; Garbutt, 2007, p. 76; Jenkins et al., 2008i
Literature cited
General
- Garbutt, N. 2007. Mammals of Madagascar: A Complete Guide. London: A & C Black, 304 pp. ISBN 978-0-7136-7043-1
- Goodman, S.M., Weyeneth, N., Ibrahim, Y., Saïd, I. and Ruedi, M. 2010b. A review of the bat fauna of the Comoro Archipelago (subscription required). Acta Chiropterologica 12(1):117–141.
- Nowak, R.M. 1994. Walker's Bats of the World. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 287 pp. ISBN 978-0-8018-4986-2
- Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0
- Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). 2005. Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0
Pteropodidae
- Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008a. Eidolon dupreanum. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 26, 2010.
- Andriafidison, D, Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Rabearivelo, A., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008b. Pteropus rufus. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 26, 2010.
- Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008c. Rousettus madagascariensis. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 26, 2010.
Hipposideridae
- Andriafidison, D, Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008f. Hipposideros commersoni. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008o. Triaenops auritus. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008p. Triaenops furculus. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008q. Triaenops rufus. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Benda, P. and Vallo, P. 2009. Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe. Folia Zoologica 58(Monograph 1):1–45.
- Goodman, S.M. and Ranivo, J. 2009. The geographical origin of the type specimens of Triaenops rufus and T. humbloti (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) reputed to be from Madagascar and the description of a replacement species name (subscription required). Mammalia 73:47–55.
- Ranivo, J. and Goodman S.M. 2006. Révision taxinomique des Triaenops malgaches (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Hipposideridae). Zoosystema 28(4):963–985.
- Samonds, K.E. 2007. Late Pleistocene bat fossils from Anjohibe Cave, northwestern Madagascar. Acta Chiropterologica 9(1):39–65.
Emballonuridae
- Goodman, S.M., Cardiff, S.G., Ranivo, J., Russell, A.L. and Yoder, A.D. 2006a. A new species of Emballonura (Chiroptera, Emballonuridae) from the dry regions of Madagascar. American Museum Novitates 3538:1–24.
- Goodman, S.M., Cardiff, S.G. and Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. 2008a. First record of Coleura (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) on Madagascar and identification and diagnosis of members of the genus (subscription required). Systematics and Biodiversity 6(2):283–292.
- Hutson, A.M., Racey, P., Ravino, J., Mickleburgh, S., Bergmans, W. and Fahr, J. 2008c. Taphozous mauritianus. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008a. Emballonura atrata. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008b. Emballonura tiavato. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Mickleburgh, S., Hutson, A.M., Racey, P.A., Cardiff, S. and Bergmans, W. 2008c. Coleura afra. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
Nycteridae
- Hutson, T., Racey, P.A. and Ravino, J. 2008a. Nycteris madagascariensis. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
Myzopodidae
- Goodman, S.M., Rakotondraparany, F. and Kofoky, A. 2007. The description of a new species of Myzopoda (Myzopodidae: Chiroptera) from western Madagascar (subscription required). Mammalian Biology 72(2):65–81.
- Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008c. Myzopoda aurita. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008d. Myzopoda schliemanni. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
Molossidae
- Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008i. Mormopterus jugularis. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008j. Otomops madagascariensis. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008n. Tadarida leucostigma. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2014. Chaerephon jobimena. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 28, 2015.
- Cotterill, F.P.D, Hutson, A.M., Racey, P.A. and Ravino, J. 2008. Tadarida fulminans. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Goodman, S.M. and Cardiff, S.G. 2004. A new species of Chaerephon (Molossidae) from Madagascar with notes on other members of the family. Acta Chiropterologica 6(2):227–248.
- Goodman, S.M., Buccas, W., Naidoo, T., Ratrimomanarivo, F., Taylor, P.J. and Lamb, J. 2010c. Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon 'pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar (subscription required). Zootaxa 2551:1–36.
- Jenkins, R.K.B., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratimomanarivo, F., Mickleburgh, S., Hutson, A.M., Bergmans, W., Cotterill, F.P.D. and Fahr, J. 2008e. Tadarida midas. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Mickleburgh, S., Hutson, A.M., Racey, P.A., Ravino, J., Bergmans, W., Cotterill, F.P.D. and Gerlach, J. 2008b. Tadarida pumila. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Ratrimomanarivo, F.H., Goodman, S.M., Stanley, W.T., Naidoo, T., Taylor, P.J. and Lamb, J. 2009. Geographic and phylogeographic variation in Chaerephon leucogaster (Chiroptera: Molossidae) of Madagascar and the western Indian Ocean islands of Mayotte and Pemba (subscription required). Acta Chiropterologica 11(1):25–52.
Miniopteridae
- Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008g. Miniopterus gleni. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008h. Miniopterus manavi. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Goodman, S.M., Bradman, H.M., Maminirina, C.P., Ryan, K.E., Christidis, L. and Appleton, B. 2008b. A new species of Miniopterus (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) from lowland southeastern Madagascar. Mammalian Biology 73:199–213.
- Goodman, S.M., Maminirina, C.P., Bradman, H.M., Christidis, L. and Appleton, B. 2009. The use of molecular phylogenetic and morphological tools to identify cryptic and paraphyletic species: Examples from the diminutive long-fingered bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae: Miniopterus) on Madagascar. American Museum Novitates 3669:1–34.
- Goodman, S.M., Maminirina, C.P., Bradman, H.M., Christidis, L. and Appleton, B.R. 2010a. Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in the endemic Malagasy bat Miniopterus gleni (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae), with the description of a new species, M. griffithsi (subscription required). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 48(1):75–86.
- Goodman, S.M., Ramasindrazana, B., Maminirina, C.P., Schoeman, M.C. and Appleton, B. 2011. Morphological, bioacoustical, and genetic variation in Miniopterus bats from eastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 2880:1–19.
- Jenkins, R.K.B. and Rakotoarivelo, A.R. 2008a. Miniopterus majori. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Jenkins, R.K.B. and Rakotoarivelo, A.R. 2008b. Miniopterus petersoni. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008f. Miniopterus sororculus. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
Vespertilionidae
- Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008d. Eptesicus malagasyensis. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008e. Eptesicus matroka. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008i. Myotis goudoti. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Andriafidison, D, Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008k. Scotophilus borbonicus. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008l. Scotophilus robustus. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Bates, P.J.J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H., Harrison, D.L. and Goodman, S.M. 2006. A description of a new species of Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar with a review of related Vespertilioninae from the island. Acta Chiropterologica 8(2):299–324.
- Goodman S.M., Jenkins R.K.B. and Ratrimomanarivo F.H. 2005. A review of the genus Scotophilus (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) on Madagascar, with the description of a new species. Zoosystema 27(4):867–882.
- Goodman, S.M., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Randrianandrianina, F.H. 2006b. A new species of Scotophilus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from western Madagascar. Acta Chiropterologica 8(1):21–37.
- Goodman, S.M., Taylor, P.J., Ratrimomanarivo, F. and Hoofer, S.R. 2012. The genus Neoromicia (family Vespertilionidae) in Madagascar, with the description of a new species (subscription required). Zootaxa 3250:1–25.
- Hutson, A.M., Racey, P.A., Goodman, S. and Jacobs, D. 2008b. Pipistrellus nanus. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Jacobs, D., Cotterill, F.P.D., Taylor, P.J., Monadjem, A. and Griffin, M. 2008. Pipistrellus anchietae. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008g. Pipistrellus raceyi. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008h. Scotophilus marovaza. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008i. Scotophilus tandrefana. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
- Mickleburgh, S., Hutson, A.M. and Racey, P.A. 2008a. Pipistrellus hesperidus. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on May 27, 2010.
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