International 14

International 14

14

Class symbol
Development
Design Development class
Boat
Crew 2
Hull
Hull weight 74.25 kg (163.7 lb)
72 kg (159 lb) (June 2011)
70 kg (150 lb) (June 2013)
LOA 4,267 mm (14 ft 0 in)[1]
(excludes bowsprit and rudder)
Beam 1,040 mm (3 ft 5 in) (min)
1,830 mm (6 ft 0 in) (max)
Rig
Mast Length 7,626 mm (25 ft 0.2 in)
Sails
Spinnaker area Unlimited (typically 32 m2 (340 sq ft))
Upwind Sail Area 18.58 m2 (200.0 sq ft)
Misc
RYA PN 780[2]

The International 14 is 14-foot double-handed racing dinghy. The class originated in England in the early part of the 20th century. It is sailed and raced in many countries around the world and was one of the very first true international racing dinghy classes recognised by International Sailing Federation. It is a Development Class being controlled by a set of rules that allow for innovation and changes in hull and rig design as long as they fall within a set of specific limitations such as length, weight, beam, and sail area. The class has permitted its rules to be revised at various times in its history in order to keep the class at the forefront of dinghy racing development and can now best be described as an ultralight dual-trapeze sailing dinghy with large sail area. It is often raced with boats of similar design in one-design, or non-handicap races.

History

There are essentially four periods in the class' history:

Displacement

The displacement style, is also known as the "Before Uffa Fox Era".

Planing

Planing, which started with Uffa Fox and his deep-chested hulls, (boats named Avenger, and Alarm were quintessential examples) which were broad aft with nearly straight buttocks, and narrow forward with a deep vee; another notable boat was Windsprite, designed and built in cold-moulded plywood by Austin Farrar at Woolverstone, Suffolk, in the early 1950s, whose distinctive hull shape was emulated later in the International 505 dinghy. One of the most famous International 14s was Thunder and Lightning, sail number 409. Built in 1938 by Uffa Fox, she was sailed to victory by John Winter and Peter Scott in the Prince of Wales Cup that year. The crew was helped considerably by the revolutionary use of an early form of trapeze, which was considered unsporting by the racing authorities of the day and promptly banned. Thunder and Lightning is now based at the National Maritime Museum Cornwall.

Trapeze

Trapeze planing, which came about decades later, when the trapeze was finally legalized in the class (it had been tried by Uffa and others in the 1930s but was banned); during this evolutionary period larger ballast tanks were permitted by the class rules that greatly improved the ability of crews to recover from capsizes; the period also saw the introduction of multi-chined boats that were radically different in hull shape from the earlier carvel-built and molded-plywood designs;

Double-trapeze

Hull shape Date Designer
Ovington 1 1995 Dave Ovington
Bieker 2 1996 Paul Bieker
Morrison 7e 1995 Phil Morrison
Morrison 8 1996 Phil Morrison
Ovington 2 1997 Dave Ovington
Bieker 2Z 1998 Paul Bieker
Bieker 3 1998 Paul Bieker
Morrison 9 1998 Phil Morrison
Ovington 3 1999 Dave Ovington
Morrison 10 2000 Phil Morrison
Bieker 4 2002 Paul Bieker
Bieker 5 2005 Paul Bieker
Beebe 2 2005 Jason Beebe
Benji 1 2005 Le Poisson
Hollom 1 2009 David Hollom
Bieker 6 2011 Paul Bieker
K3 2011 Steve Killing

Double-trapeze super-planing, which has gone through a number of evolutions. The concept was developed in Australia and New Zealand, and influenced the design of the high-powered but lightweight Australian 18. This form of the boat really started to take form in the early 80's (but with only one trapeze) as the minimum weight was lowered and upwind planing became possible.

Contemporary boats weigh as little as 165 lb, and have as typical equipment a retractable spinnaker pole, unlimited asymmetric spinnaker size, 200sq ft mainsail and jib area, a fully battened mainsail, an adjustable carbon rig, and a hydrofoil rudder that allows the boat to be trimmed fore and aft for different conditions, and as a drag reduction device.

Since this is a development class, older boats have been obsoleted through rules changes. Many of the older boats still race in fleets of similar boats. Penultimates, also known as 'Pennies' are boats that feature much of the same technology as modern boats but are from prior to the 1996 merger between the International 14 and Aussie 14 classes. Classic boats are boats prior to 1984 and feature a symmetric spinnaker, single trapeze, and many feature cold molded wooden hulls.

Events

Fleet Racing World Championships

Year Gold Silver Bronze
1979 Long Beach  United States
John Gallagher
Dave Gallagher
1981 Annapolis  Canada
Frank McLaughlin
John Millen
1983 Itchenor  Canada
James Kidd
Hugh Kidd
1985 Kingston  Canada
James Kidd
Hugh Kidd
1987 Inawashiro  Canada
James Hartley
Ian Tillett
1989 San Francisco  Canada
Neal McDonald
Duncan McDonald
1991 Torbay  Canada
Martin Jones
Duncan McDonald
1993 Kingston  Great Britain
Ian Walker
Chris Fox
1995 Vallensbæk  Great Britain
Roddy Bridge
Adam Goodchild
1997 Richmond  Great Britain
Charles Stanley
Mo Gray
 Great Britain
Roddy Bridge
Adam Goodchild
 Australia
Grant Geddes
Craig Watkin
1999 Sandringham  Australia
Grant Geddes
Craig Watkin
 Great Britain
Charles Stanley
Mo Gray
 United States
Zach Berkowitz
Karl Baldauf
2000 Beer  United States
Kris Bundy
Jamie Hanseler
 Great Britain
Colin Goodman
James Storey
 Great Britain
Zeb Elliott
Dan Johnson
2001 Hamilton  United States
Zach Berkowitz
Trevor Baylis
 Great Britain
Zeb Elliott
Tim Hancock
 United States
Kris Bundy
Jamie Hanseler
2003 Wakayama  Great Britain
Rog Greenhalgh
Dan Johnson
 United States
Zach Berkowitz
Mike Martin
 Great Britain
Archie Massey
George Nurton
2005 Auckland  Australia
Lindsey Irwin
Andrew Perry
 Great Britain
Stevie Morrison
Ben Rhodes
 Great Britain
James Fawcett
Dave Dobrijevic
2006 Long Beach  United States
Howard Hamlin
Euan McNicol
 Canada
Tina Baylis
Trevor Baylis
 United States
Samuel Kahn
Paul Allen
2008 Warnemünde  Great Britain
Archie Massey
Matt Noble
 Great Britain
Jarrod Simpson
Grant Rollerson
 Australia
Alexander Dave
Cameron McDonald
2013 Toronto [3]  Great Britain
Archie Massey
Dan Wilsdon
 Great Britain
Sam Pascoe
Alex Knight
 Great Britain
Andy FitzGerald
Richard Dobson
2015 Geelong [4]  Great Britain
Glen Truswell
Sam Pascoe
 Great Britain
Ben McGrane
James Hughes
 Australia
Brad Devine
Ian Furlong

Team Racing World Championships

Year Gold Silver Bronze
2013 Toronto  Great Britain 1  Australia  Canada 1
2015 Geelong [5]  Australia 1  Australia 2 North America

See also

References

  1. http://www.international14.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=20
  2. "Portsmouth Number List 2012". Royal Yachting Association. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  3. http://i14.ca/worlds/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/2013-I14-World-Championships_Results_RaceFive-Finals.pdf
  4. http://www.i14worlds2015.com/
  5. http://www.i14worlds2015.com/
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