Hiram M. Chittenden

Hiram Martin Chittenden
Hiram M. Chittenden, 1916
Born	(1858-10-25)October 25, 1858 Yorkshire, New York
Died	October 9, 1917(1917-10-09) (aged 58) Seattle, Washington
Education	United States Military Academy at West Point
Engineering career
Projects	Chittenden Memorial Bridge, Grand Loop Road Historic District, Roosevelt Arch, Chittenden Locks

Hiram Martin Chittenden (1858–1917) was a leading historian of the American West, especially the fur trade. A graduate of West Point, he was the Seattle district engineer for the Army Corps of Engineers (April 1906 – September 1908) for whom the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks in Seattle, Washington, were named.

He was one of the first three elected Port Commissioners at the Port of Seattle. He also helped found the Pacific Coast Association of Port Authorities (PCAPA), later known as the Association of Pacific Ports (APP) in 1913.

Dodds says, "His works on the Yellowstone, the fur trade, and on Missouri River steamboating were long recognized as definitive....His style was formal, clear, and undramatic. His works contain a mass of detail. He was typical of the Progressive era of American history in his strong belief in progress and in 'the divine mission of the Anglo-Saxon.'"^[1]

Early life

Chittenden was born on October 25, 1858 in Yorkshire, New York. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in June 1884 and was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Army Corps of Engineers. After advanced study in applied engineering, his tours of duty were mainly in the West, including two in Yellowstone Park (1891–93, 1899-1904). Yellowstone sparked his lifelong interest in history and conservation.

Career and later life

He reached the rank of Brigadier General in 1910. He died on October 9, 1917 in Seattle, Washington.^[2]

Engineering projects

1903 colored postcard image of the Chittenden Memorial Bridge

With the Army Corps of Engineers, Chittenden was in charge of many notable projects throughout the United States:

• Yellowstone National Park (1891-1892, 1899-1906): roadwork, improvements, basalt arch at north entrance, single-span bridge (Chittenden Memorial Bridge, formerly the Melan arch bridge) across the Yellowstone River.
• Yosemite National Park: commissioned by the Secretary of the Interior to determine boundary changes
• Lake Washington Canal Project, Seattle, Washington (1906)

Historian

His 1902 history of the fur trade has been highly influential among historians of the West.^[3]

Bibliography

Chittenden is best known as a scholar with historical volumes, tour guides, and poetry:

• The Yellowstone National Park, Cincinnati: Stewart & Kidd Company, 1895.
• Chittenden, Hiram Martin (1902). The American fur trade of the far West: a history of the pioneer trading posts and early fur companies of the Missouri valley and the Rocky mountains and the overland commerce with Santa Fe ... F.P. Harper.  (Three volumes)
• Chittenden, Hiram Martin (1903). History of early steamboat navigation on the Missouri river: life and adventures of Joseph La Barge ... F. P. Harper.  (Two volumes)
• Life and Letters of Father de Smet’  with A. T. Richardson, 1905. (Four volumes)
• War or Peace, 1910.
• Chittenden, Hiram Martin (1915). The Yellowstone national park: historical and descriptive ... Stewart & Kidd company. 
• Verse, Seattle: Holly Press, 1916. (poetry)

See also

• Chittenden Memorial Bridge
• Hiram M. Chittenden Locks
• National Irrigation Congress

References

• Dodds, Gordon B. "Hiram Martin Chittenden, Historian," Pacific Historical Review (1961) 30#3 pp. 257–269 in JSTOR
• Dodds, Gordon B. "A Dedication to the Memory of Hiram Martin Chittenden, 1858-1917," Arizona and the West (1963) 5#3 pp 182–186
• Morgan, Dale L. "The Fur Trade and its Historians," Minnesota History, (1966) 10#4 pp 151–156,
• Walker, Don D. "Philosophical and Literary Implications in the Historiography of the Fur Trade," Western American Literature, (1974) 9#2 pp 79–104
• Le Roy, Bruce, ed. (1961). H.M. Chittenden-A Western Epic-Being a Selection from his unpublished Journals, Diaries and Reports. Tacoma, Wa: Washington State Historic Society. 

External links

• Works by Hiram M. Chittenden at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Hiram M. Chittenden at Internet Archive
• Finding aid to article subject from the Special Collections, Washington State Historical Society

Yellowstone National Park - History and People
Historic events and personalities from Yellowstone National Park
Expeditions	Cook–Folsom–Peterson Expedition Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition Hayden Geological Survey of 1871
Explorers	Robert Adams, Jr. Jim Bridger John Colter Lt.Gustavus C. Doane Truman C. Everts Warren Angus Ferris Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden Nathaniel P. Langford Alexander Ross (fur trader) Osborne Russell Cyrus Thomas Henry D. Washburn
Photographers, artists and illustrators	Heinrich C. Berann Albert Bierstadt Frank Jay Haynes William Henry Jackson Thomas Moran
Park management	Mission 66 Horace M. Albright Harry W. Child Harry W. Frantz Harlan Kredit Herbert Maier John W. Meldrum Philetus Norris Robert Reamer Harry Yount
Military administration	Henry Tureman Allen Lloyd Milton Brett Frazier Boutelle Dan Christie Kingman Hiram M. Chittenden Samuel Baldwin Marks Young Wilber Elliott Wilder Fort Yellowstone
Events	History of the National Park Service History of wolves in Yellowstone Teton–Yellowstone tornado 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake Yellowstone fires of 1988
List of Yellowstone National Park related articles Media related to People associated with Yellowstone National Park at Wikimedia Commons