Human endogenous retrovirus K
Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERVK) is a family of endogenous retroviruses in humans.[1] HERVK is also found in apes and Old World monkeys.
In 1999 Barbulescu, et al. showed that, of ten HERVK proviruses cloned, eight were unique to humans, while one was shared with chimpanzees and bonobos, and one with humans, chimpanzees and bonobos and gorillas.[2]
In 2015 Grow et al. demonstrated that HERVK is transcribed during embryogenesis from the eight cell stage up to the stem cell derivation.[3] Furthermore, the overexpression the HERVK accessory protein Rec increases IFITM1 levels on the cell surface and inhibits viral infection.[3]
See also
References
- ↑ Boeke JD, Stoye JP (1997). JM Coffin; SH Hughes; HE Varmus, eds. Retrotransposons, endogenous retroviruses, and the evolution of retroelements. Retroviruses. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. pp. 343–435.
- ↑ Madalina Barbulescu; Geoffrey Turner; Michael I. Seaman†; Amos S. Deinard‡§; Kenneth K. Kidd; Jack Lenz (1999). "Many human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) proviruses are unique to humans" (PDF). Current Biology. 9: 861–868. doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80390-x.
- 1 2 Edward J. Grow; Ryan A. Flynn; Shawn L. Chavez; Nicholas L. Bayless; Mark Wossidlo; Daniel J. Wesche; Lance Martin; Carol B. Ware; Catherine A. Blish; Howard Y. Chang; Renee A. Reijo Pera; Joanna Wysocka (11 June 2015). "Intrinsic retroviral reactivation in human preimplantation embryos and pluripotent cells". Nature. 522: 221–225. doi:10.1038/nature14308.
- ↑ Hanke K, Hohn O, Bannert N (January–February 2016). "HERV-K(HML-2), a seemingly silent subtenant – but still waters run deep". APMIS. 124 (1-2): 67–87. doi:10.1111/apm.12475.
External links
- Andy Coghlan (20 April 2015). "Virus hiding in our genome protects early human embryos". New Scientist.
- Emanuela Balestrieri; Carla Arpino; Claudia Matteucci; Roberta Sorrentino; Francesca Pica; Riccardo Alessandrelli; Antonella Coniglio; Paolo Curatolo; Giovanni Rezza; Fabio Macciardi; Enrico Garaci; Simona Gaudi; Paola Sinibaldi-Vallebona (14 November 2012). "HERVs Expression in Autism Spectrum Disorders". PLOS ONE. 7: e48831. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048831.
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