Cantharidus
| Cantharidus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A shell of Cantharidus opalus opalus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Clade: | Vetigastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Trochoidea |
| Family: | Trochidae |
| Genus: | Cantharidus Montfort, 1810[1] |
| Type species | |
| Trochus iris Montfort, P.D. de, 1810 | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Cantharidus, common name the kelp shells, is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs of the family Trochidae, the top shells.[2]
Description
The shell has an ovate-conic or pyramidal shape. It is imperforate, smooth or spirally sculptured outside, brilliantly iridescent within. The colors are generally bright and variegated. The aperture is less than half the length of shell, longer than wide, ovate. The columella is usually more or less folded or toothed near the base.[3]
The central tooth of the radula has a body with broadly expanded supporting wings, a narrowed peduncle or neck, which bears a simple cusp. This peduncle has on each side delicate wings. The lateral teeth number five on each side and ha ve as peculiarity that they increase in size from the inner to the outer one. The inner lateral is slender, narrowed toward the cusp, like the centrals, and (sometimes at any rate) bearing a lamella behind the peduncle. The outer laterals are very broad, with one or several denticles on the cusp. The only character separating Cantharidus from Gibbula is the simple cusp of the central tooth, whilst in Gibbula it is denticulate at the sides.[3]
Distribution
This genus is composed of marine species with a wide distribution, occurring off Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, French Polynesia, South Korea, Japan, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Oceania, East India, Africa.
Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) includes the following species with valid names within the genus Cantharidus :[2]
- Cantharidus antipoda (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1854)
- Cantharidus artizona A. Adams, 1851
- Cantharidus bisbalteatus Pilsbry, 1901
- Cantharidus bisculptus E.A. Smith
- Cantharidus burchorum Marshall, 1998
- Cantharidus caelatus Hutton, 1884
- Cantharidus capillaceus (Philippi, 1848)
- Cantharidus crenelliferus (Adams, 1853)
- Cantharidus dilatatus (Sowerby II, 1870)
- Cantharidus festivus (B. A. Marshall, 1998)
- Cantharidus fournieri (Crosse, 1863)
- Cantharidus fulminatus (Hutton, 1873)
- Cantharidus fultoni (G. B. Sowerby III, 1890)
- Cantharidus huttonii (E. A. Smith, 1876)
- Cantharidus japonicus (A. Adams, 1853)
- Cantharidus marmoreus Pease, W.H., 1868
- Cantharidus mortenseni (Odhner, 1924)
- Cantharidus nolfi Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006
- Cantharidus opalus (Martyn, 1784)
- Cantharidus pallidulus A. Adams, 1853
- Cantharidus polychroma (A. Adams, 1853)
- Cantharidus pulcherrimus (W. Wood, 1828)
- Cantharidus purpureus (Gmelin,1791)
- Cantharidus roseus (Hutton, 1873)
- Cantharidus rufozona A. Adams, 1851
- Cantharidus sanguineus (Gray, J.E. in Dieffenbach, 1843)
- Cantharidus sendersi Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006
- Cantharidus tenebrosus A. Adams, 1851
- Cantharidus tessellatus (A. Adams, 1853)
- Cantharidus turneri (Powell, 1939)
- Cantharidus urbanus (Gould, 1861)
The Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database also mentions the following species with names in current use : [4]
- Cantharidus callichroa (Philippi, 1849)
- Cantharidus infuscatus Gould, 1861
- Cantharidus jessoensis Schrenck, L. von, 1863
- Cantharidus pruninus Gould, 1849
- Cantharidus vittata (Pilsbry, 1903)
Species and subspecies within the genus Cantharidus include:[5] [6]
- Cantharidus cinguliger A. Adams, 1851
- Cantharidus fumosus Dillwyn, 1817
- Cantharidus iridis A. Adams, 1851
- Cantharidus moniliger A. Adams, 1851 [6]
- Cantharidus nigricans A. Adams, 1851 [6]
- Cantharidus nitidulus A. Adams, 1851 (synonym: Trochus nitidulus Philippi)
- Cantharidus punctulosus A. Adams, 1851[6]
- Cantharidus purpuratus A. Adams, 1851 (synonym: Trochus purpuratus Martyn)
- Species brought into synonymy
- Cantharidus artensis (P. Fischer, 1878): synonym of Trochus artensis P. Fischer, 1878
- Cantharidus articularis A. Adams, 1851: synonym of Jujubinus interruptus (Wood, 1828)
- Cantharidus capillaceus coruscans (Hedley, 1916): synonym of Cantharidus capillaceus (Philippi, 1848)
- Cantharidus columna Dall, 1890: synonym of Halistylus columna (Dall, 1890)
- Cantharidus elongatus Wood: synonym of Thalotia elongata Sowerby, G.B. I, 1818
- Cantharidus fultoni (Melvill, 1898): synonym of Trochus fultoni Melvill, 1898
- Cantharidus gilberti Montrouzier, 1878: synonym of Cantharidus polychroma (A. Adams, 1853)
- Cantharidus hirasei Pilsbry, 1901: synonym of Phasianotrochus hirasei (Pilsbry, 1901)
- Cantharidus iris (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Cantharidus opalus (Martyn, 1784)
- Cantharidus kotschyi (Philippi, 1849): synonym of Osilinus kotschyi (Philippi, 1849)
- Cantharidus lepidus Philippi, R.A., 1849: synonym of Strigosella lepida (Philippi, 1846)
- Cantharidus macquariensis (Hedley, 1916): synonym of Margarella macquariensis Hedley, 1916
- Cantharidus montagui (W. Wood, 1828): synonym of Jujubinus montagui (Wood, 1828)
- Cantharidus oliveri Iredale, 1915: synonym of Cantharidus sanguineus (Gray, 1843)
- Cantharidus parcipictus (Powel, 1946): synonym of Cantharidus tenebrosus A. Adams, 1853
- Cantharidus picturatum A. Adams, 1851: synonym of Calliostoma picturatum (A. Adams, 1851)
- Cantharidus pliciferus Schepman, 1908: synonym of Perrinia plicifera (Schepman, 1908)
- Cantharidus pruninus minor E. A. Smith, 1902: synonym of Cantharidus capillaceus (Philippi, 1849)
- Cantharidus pruninus perobtusus Pilsbry, H.A., 1889: synonym of Cantharidus capillaceus (Philippi, 1849)
- Cantharidus sanguineus bakeri Fleming, 1948: synonym of Cantharidus artizona A. Adams, 1853
- Cantharidus sanguineus var. caelatus Hutton, 1884: synonym of Cantharidus caelatus Hutton, 1884
- Cantharidus sanguineus cryptus (Powell, 1946): synonym of Cantharidus sanguineus (Gray in Dieffenbach, 1843)
- Cantharidus sanguineus var. elongata Suter, 1897: synonym of Cantharidus artizona A. Adams, 1853
- Cantharidus simulatus Hutton: synonym of Cantharidus dilatatus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1870)
- Cantharidus suarezensis (P. Fischer, 1878): synonym of Jujubinus suarezensis (P. Fischer, 1878)
- Cantharidus suturalis (A. Adams, 1853): synonym of Prothalotia suturalis (A. Adams, 1853)
- Cantharidus tenebrosus var. huttonii (E.A. Smith, 1876): synonym of Cantharidus huttonii (E. A. Smith, 1876)
- Cantharidus tristis Thiele, 1930: synonym of Jujubinus polychromus (A. Adams, 1853)
- Cantharidus zealandicus A. Adams, 1851: synonym of Cantharidus opalus (Martyn, 1784)
References
- ↑ Montfort P. D. de (1810). Conch. 2: 250.
- 1 2 Rosenberg, G.; Bouchet, P. (2013). Cantharidus Montfort, 1810. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=204763 on 2014-01-12
- 1 2 Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
- ↑ Malacolog: Cantharidus
- ↑
- Powell A W B, New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
- 1 2 3 4 A. Adams, Contributions towards a monograph of the Trochidae, a family of Gasteropodous Mollusca; Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1851 pt. 19 p. 170
- Mollusca
- Powell A W B, New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
- Miller M & Batt G, Reef and Beach Life of New Zealand, William Collins (New Zealand) Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1973
- Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp.
- Marshall, B.A. 1998: The New Zealand Recent species of Cantharidus Montfort, 1810 and Micrelenchus Finlay, 1926 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae). Molluscan Research 19: 107-156 (p. 130)
- Williams S.T., Donald K.M., Spencer H.G. & Nakano T. (2010) Molecular systematics of the marine gastropod families Trochidae and Calliostomatidae (Mollusca: Superfamily Trochoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54:783-809
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