Battle of Çamurlu

Part of the Ottoman Interregnum

Date	5 July 1413
Location	Çamurlu, near modern day Samokov, Bulgaria^[1]
Result	Victory for Mehmed I Reunification of the Ottoman Empire

Belligerents

Forces of Musa Çelebi

Forces of Mehmed I (Mehmed Çelebi)

Commanders and leaders

Musa Çelebi

Mehmed I (Mehmed Çelebi)
Stefan Lazarević

Strength

Unknown

10,000

Battles of the Ottoman Interregnum

Ermeni-beli Ulubad Karasi Kosmidion Edirne Incegiz Çamurlu

The Battle of Çamurlu was fought on July 5, 1413, between Musa Çelebi and Mehmed Çelebi, both sons of Bayezid I, as the last conflict of the Ottoman civil war known as the Ottoman Interregnum. The battle decided which son of Bayezid I would finally reunite the Ottoman Empire, with Mehmed Çelebi becoming Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire.

Mehmed's invasion and final battle

After suppressing Cüneyt Bey's revolt, Mehmed Çelebi gathered his troops at Ankara. With his Dulkadirid father-in-law, he began planning an invasion of Rumelia (the European part of the empire and Musa's stronghold) to defeat his brother, Musa. On his march to Bursa, Mehmed gained contingents of troops from western Anatolia. Upon reaching the straits, Mehmed's army was given passage by ships loaned from Manuel II Palaiologos, who also supplied Mehmed with some troops.

Mehmed marched his army from Constantinople to Edirne. He then marched onto Kosovo to join forces with his ally (and also half-uncle) Serbian ruler Stefan Lazarević, along with receiving information from Ewrenos concerning possible defections during the battle.^[2]

Both armies met at Çamurlu, near modern-day Samokov, to the south east of Sofia, Bulgaria. Initially, Musa appeared to be winning the battle despite the defection of Pasha Yigit and Sinan Bey of Trikkala.^[2] However, the tide of the battle turned in favor of Mehmed, with the help of Serb and Byzantine troops, and Musa Çelebi fled.^[3]

Afterwards

Following the battle, Musa Çelebi was captured and strangled.^[4] This battle re-established the unity of the Ottoman state, under the control of Mehmed I.^[5]

Notes

↑ International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties, Ed. Nagendra Kr Singh, (Anmol Publications Pvt.Ltd., 2005), 77.
1 2 Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 7, Ed. C. E. Bosworth, E. Van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs and Ch. Pellat, (E.J.Brill, 1993), 699.
↑ Bertold Spuler, Frank Ronald Charles Bagley, Hans Joachim Kissling, The Last Great Muslim Empires: History of the Muslim World, (Markus Weiner Publishers, 1996), 14.
↑ Nicol, Donald MacGillivray, The last centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453, (Cambridge University Press, 1972), 327.
↑ First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936, Ed. M. Th Houtsma, (BRILL, 1993), 658.

Battles involving the Ottoman Empire by era

Rise (1299–1453)

Land battles	Bapheus Dimbos Pelekanon Demotika Ihtiman Sırp Sındığı Maritsa Dubravnica Savra Pločnik Bileća Kosovo Rovine Nicopolis Ankara Çamurlu Zlatica Kunovica Varna Kosovo (2nd)

Classical Age (1453–1550)

Land battles	Albulena Târgoviște Jajce Ohrid Vaslui Valea Albă Breadfield Otlukbeli Krbava Çaldıran Mercidabık Han Yunus Ridanieh Tlemcen Mohács Sokhoista

Naval battles	Zonchio Modon Diu Algiers (1516) Formentera Algiers (1529) Tunis Preveza Alborán Algiers (1541) Ponza Djerba

Transformation (1550-1700)

Land battles	Mostaganem Szigeth Çıldır Torches Wadi al Laban Sisak Călugăreni Giurgiu Keresztes Sevan Urmia Cecora 1st Khotyn Candia Köbölkút Saint Gotthard Ladyzhyn Krasnobród Nemyriv 2nd Khotyn 2nd Vienna 2nd Mohács Slankamen Cenei Ustechko Lugos Ulaş Zenta

Naval battles	Lepanto Cape Corvo Cape Celidonia Focchies 1st Dardanelles 2nd Dardanelles 3rd Dardanelles 4th Dardanelles Oinousses Andros

Old Regime (1700–1789)

Land battles	Pruth Petrovaradin Banja Luka Grocka Stavunchany Aspindza Larga Yeghevārd Ganja Kozludzha Kagul

Naval battles	Imbros Matapan Chesma 1st Kerch Strait

Modernization (1789–1908)

Land battles	Focşani Rymnik Măcin Pyramids Abukir Arpachai Al-Safra Jeddah Čegar Alamana Gravia Erzurum Valtetsi Doliana Dragashani Sculeni Vasilika Peta Dervenakia Karpenisi Arachova Kamatero Phaleron Petra Kulevicha Algiers Konya Nezib Kurekdere Oltenitza Eupatoria Kızıl Tepe Shipka Pass Plevna Philippopolis Taşkesen Novšiće Ulqin Mouzaki Domokos

Naval battles	2nd Kerch Strait Kaliakra Athos Nauplia Samos Gerontas Navarino Sinop

For the 20th century battles before 1914 see List of Ottoman battles in the 20th century

For the battles in the World War I see List of Ottoman battles in the World War I

Ottoman victories are in bold.

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