Aftab Ghulam Nabi Kazi

Aftab Ghulam Nabi Kazi
Mr. Aftab Ghulam Nabi Kazi in Washington D.C., United States, circa 1960.

Chairman of Pakistan Board of Investment
In office 19 October 1993 – 15 November 1994
President	Farooq Leghari
Prime Minister	Benazir Bhutto
12th Deputy chairman of the Planning Commission (Pakistan)
In office 7 October 1986 – 23 August 1993
President	General Zia-ul-Haq Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Prime Minister	Muhammad Khan Junejo Benazir Bhutto Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi Nawaz Sharif
Preceded by	V.A. Jafary
Succeeded by	Saeed Ahmed Quresh
8h Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan
In office 15 July 1978 – 9 July 1986
President	General Zia-ul-Haq
Chairman of the Federal Board of Revenue (Pakistan)
In office 8 September 1970 – 20 August 1973
President	Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Prime Minister	Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
9th Finance Secretary of Pakistan
In office 8 September 1970 – 20 August 1973
President	Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Prime Minister	Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Personal details
Born	Aftab Ahmad Ghulam Nabi Kazi (1919-11-06)6 November 1919 Sindh, British Indian Empire
Died	9 August 2016(2016-08-09) (aged 96) Islamabad, Pakistan
Citizenship	Pakistan
Nationality	Sindhi
Spouse(s)	Zakia Nabi Kazi
Alma mater	University of Bombay
Occupation	Teacher, civil servant
Notable awards	Star of Pakistan (1966) Star of Service (1969)

Aftab Ghulam Nabi Kazi (Urdu: ﺁفتاب غلام نبى كاضى; November 6 1919 – August 9 2016) SPk, SK, also known as AGN Kazi, was a Pakistani civil servant and a bureaucrat during the Cold War and during the post cold war. Kazi was born in Sindh, Bombay Presidency, in 1919 to an academic family. He started his career in the Indian Civil Service in 1944 and served as the Deputy Commissioner of Bihar and Orissa. After the partition of India, Kazi migrated to Pakistan and joined the Provincial Government of Sindh, and held positions such as Secretary of Finance and Secretary to the Governor.

During the early 1960s, Kazi was Economic Minister in the Pakistan Embassy to the USA. After a brief stint as Additional Chief Secretary of West Pakistan, he was appointed Chairman of the Water and Power Development Authority. In that role, he was responsible for the completion of the Mangla Dam Project. In March 1969, he was appointed Secretary for Industries and Natural Resources and then a year later he became Finance Secretary, a post he held for over three years until his elevation as Secretary General.

After the power struggle triggered by General Yahya Khan's general election, Zulfikar Bhutto became the new leader of Pakistan. In 1973, Kazi became Secretary General Finance and Economic Coordination. When Ghulam Ishaq Khan became Finance Minister, Kazi was appointed Economic Advisor to the President in July 1977. In 1978, Kazi was appointed as Governor of State Bank of Pakistan until 1986. The Pakistan State Bank, under Kazi, was characterised by excellent financial discipline in the banking sector coupled with good relations with the Federal Government.

Kazi was the longest-serving civil servant in the history of Pakistan. As a leading civil servant, Kazi passed through several major events in the history of Pakistan, including the removal of Bhutto and the mysterious death of General Zia-ul-Haq. In 1993, he was appointed as the chairman Privatization Commission and was again given the status of a Federal Minister as Chief Executive of the Pakistan Investment Board. In 1994, Kazi retired from office, at the age of 75, and led a quiet retired life in Islamabad. He died on 9 August 2016 after a prolonged illness. At his death, he was among the last living members of the old Indian Civil Service.

Early life

Kazi was born into a Sindhi,^[1] working-class family consisting of his father Khan Bahadur Ghulam Nabi Kazi, an educationist, and his sibling Bashir Ghulam Nabi Kazi would later go on to become a senior Judge at the Sindh High Court and later the Federal Shariat Court. The family originated from Sindh, Bombay Presidency, British Indian Empire. His father was a veteran educationist of Sindh who had been awarded the MBE by the British Government for his services to humanity and social development. On the separation of Sindh from Bombay, Khan Bahadur Ghulam Nabi Kazi was appointed the first Director of Public Instructions Sindh in 1936. Kazi received his education in Jamshoro, Sindh, and went on to attend the Cathedral and John Connon School in 1930.

Education and academia

After graduating from school, Kazi attended the University of Bombay from 1937. He gruadted with a BS in Statistics in 1941, and later went on to gain MSc in Physics and MA in Mathematics from the University of Bombay. He competed in the Indian Civil Service examination from there in 1944. Before joining the civil service, Kazi worked in the Department of Mathematics of D. J. Science College, teaching courses in Mathematics and Statistics. In 1944, he was one of the three Muslims selected for the Indian Civil Service, the others being Agha Shahi and Mian Riazuddin Ahmed. Thus, Kazi started a career that would last for half a century making him the longest serving civil servant in the history of Pakistan.

Civil Service in India

The British Raj appointed Kazi as Deputy Commissioner in Bihar and Orissa where he served until 1947. He was asked by the British Government to stay in India, but he opted for Pakistan after partition in 1947. He arrived in his home town and joined the Government of Sindh, holding pivotal positions such as Secretary to Governor and Secretary Finance.

Senior offices held

After the amalgamation of all provinces in the western wing of the country in 1955, Kazi was appointed Finance Secretary of West Pakistan. In the early 1960s he was posted as Economic Minister in the Pakistan Embassy in Washington DC USA where he served until 1965. On his return to Pakistan, he was appointed for a brief period as Additional Chief Secretary (Planning nd Development) West Pakistan and thereafter as Chairman of Pakistan's Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA). It was during his tenure as chairman WAPDA that the Mangla Dam was inaugurated and on this occasion he was awarded the high civil award of Sitara-e-Pakistan. Previously he had also been awarded the Sitara-e-Khidmat. In 1969, he was appointed Secretary for Industries and Natural Resources and a year later as Finance Secretary of the Government of Pakistan. He held this office during the crisis of 1971. In this capacity, he was also Chairman of the Federal Board of Revenue.^[2] In 1973, Kazi was assigned the highest grade in the civil service and made Secretary General, Finance and Economic Coordination in which capacity he had to supervise the working of all the economic and planning ministries of the government. He was appointed Advisor to the President on Economic Affairs in 1977 with the rank of a full Cabinet Minister on the imposition of martial law in July 1977.^[3] Thereafter he was appointed Governor of State Bank of Pakistan in 1978.^[4] He served there for eight years and this period was characterised by excellent financial discipline in the banking sector coupled with good relations with the federal government. During his tenure as Secretary General Finance, Kazi became involved in securing Pakistan's nuclear capability, along with Agha Shahi and Ghulam Ishaq Khan; the three constituting the co-ordination board to monitor the nuclear program. In 1986, he was appointed Deputy chairman Planning Commission.,^[5] in which position he remained until 1993 until his induction as the chairman Privatisation Commission. In 1993 he was again given the status of a Federal Minister as chairman/Chief Executive of the Pakistan Investment Board.^[6]

Retirement and death

In 1994, Kazi retired after 50 years of service. He lived in Islamabad with his wife Zakia, who died in 2009. They had two children. He died in Islamabad on 9 August 2016.

Offices held

Political offices
Preceded by Ghulam Ishaq Khan	Finance Secretary of Pakistan 1970–1973	Succeeded by Abdur Rauf Shaikh
Preceded by S. Osman Ali	Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan 1978–1986	Succeeded by V.A. Jafarey
Preceded by V. A. Jafarey	Deputy Chairman Planning Commission 1986–1993	Succeeded by Saeed Ahmed Qureshi

References

↑ "Federalism through civil service reforms".
↑ List of Chairmen of CBR/FBR and Secretaries of Finance Archived 16 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
↑ Advisory Council of General Ziaul Haq
↑ List and photographs of ex-governors of the State Bank of Pakistan
↑ List of Deputy Chairmen of the Planning Commission of Pakistan Archived 14 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
↑ Cabinet Division, Government of Pakistan, Cabinet of caretaker Prime Minister Mr Moeen Qureshi

Regime of General Zia-ul-Haq

Domestic
initiatives

Administration

National
parties

Allies	Pakistan Muslim League (Nth) Jamaat-e-Islami Mohajir Qaumi Movement

Opposition	Pakistan Peoples Party Communist Party of Pakistan Movement for Restoration of Democracy Al-Zulfiqar Avami National Party Mazdoor Kisan Party Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F)

Platform successors	Pakistan Muslim League A F J N Q Z Islamic Democracy Alliance (now defunct)

Foreign
front

Involvement in events	Refusal to sign Non-Proliferation Treaty USSR's war in Afghanistan Subsidization of Mujahideen Operation Cyclone Divergence with Libya Siachen war Operation Tupac Indian allegations of aiding Khalistan movement Operation Samba Operation Brasstacks Co-founding SAARC Support for Iran during Iran–Iraq War Geneva Accords signing Theories of external involvement in Zia crash

Opposition	Pakistan Peoples Party Communist Party of Pakistan Al-Zulfiqar Movement for the Restoration of Democracy

Aligned entities	United States Carter administration Reagan Administration Central Intelligence Agency United Kingdom Thatcher government Saudi Arabia People's Republic of China Afghan mujahideen Iran

Opposed entities	Soviet Union KGB East Germany Stasi Afghanistan KHAD India Desai administration Indira Gandhi administration Rajiv Gandhi administration

Category
Portal:Pakistan
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Cold War

USA USSR ANZUS NATO Non-Aligned Movement SEATO Warsaw Pact

1940s	Hukbalahap Rebellion Dekemvriana Yalta Conference Guerrilla war in the Baltic states Forest Brothers Operation Priboi Operation Jungle Occupation of the Baltic states Cursed Soldiers Operation Unthinkable Potsdam Conference Gouzenko Affair Operation Masterdom Operation Beleaguer Operation Blacklist Forty Iran crisis of 1946 Greek Civil War Corfu Channel incident Turkish Straits crisis Restatement of Policy on Germany First Indochina War Truman Doctrine Asian Relations Conference Marshall Plan 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état Tito–Stalin Split Berlin Blockade Western betrayal Iron Curtain Eastern Bloc Western Bloc Chinese Civil War (Second round) Malayan Emergency Albanian Subversion

1950s	Bamboo Curtain Korean War 1953 Iranian coup d'état Uprising of 1953 in East Germany 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état Partition of Vietnam First Taiwan Strait Crisis Geneva Summit (1955) Poznań 1956 protests Hungarian Revolution of 1956 Suez Crisis Syrian Crisis of 1957 Sputnik crisis Second Taiwan Strait Crisis Cuban Revolution Kitchen Debate Bandung Conference Bricker Amendment McCarthyism Operation Gladio Iraqi July Revolution "We will bury you"

1960s	Congo Crisis Sino-Soviet split 1960 U-2 incident Bay of Pigs Invasion 1960 Turkish coup d'état Soviet–Albanian split Berlin Wall Portuguese Colonial War Angolan War of Independence Guinea-Bissau War of Independence Mozambican War of Independence Cuban Missile Crisis Sino-Indian War Communist insurgency in Sarawak Iraqi Ramadan Revolution 1963 Syrian coup d'état Vietnam War 1964 Brazilian coup d'état United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–66) South African Border War Transition to the New Order Domino theory ASEAN Declaration Laotian Civil War 1966 Syrian coup d'état Argentine Revolution Korean DMZ Conflict Greek military junta of 1967–74 USS Pueblo incident Six-Day War War of Attrition Cultural Revolution Prague Spring Communist insurgency in Malaysia Invasion of Czechoslovakia Iraqi Ba'athist Revolution Goulash Communism Sino-Soviet border conflict CPP-NPA-NDF rebellion Corrective Move

1970s	Détente Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Black September in Jordan Corrective Movement (Syria) Cambodian Civil War Realpolitik Ping-pong diplomacy 1971 Turkish military memorandum Corrective Revolution (Egypt) Four Power Agreement on Berlin Bangladesh Liberation War 1972 Nixon visit to China North Yemen-South Yemen Border Conflict 1973 Chilean coup d'état Yom Kippur War Carnation Revolution Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Rhodesian Bush War Angolan Civil War Mozambican Civil War Ogaden War Ethiopian Civil War Lebanese Civil War Sino-Albanian split Cambodian–Vietnamese War Sino-Vietnamese War Iranian Revolution Operation Condor Dirty War Korean Air Lines Flight 902 Saur Revolution New Jewel Movement 1979 Herat uprising Seven Days to the River Rhine Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

1980s	Soviet–Afghan War 1980 and 1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 1980 Turkish coup d'état Invasion of Grenada 1986 Black Sea incident 1988 Black Sea bumping incident Solidarity Soviet reaction Contras Central American crisis RYAN Korean Air Lines Flight 007 Able Archer 83 Star Wars People Power Revolution Nagorno-Karabakh War Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 Fall of the Berlin Wall Revolutions of 1989 Glasnost Perestroika

1990s	Mongolian Revolution of 1990 Yemeni unification Fall of Communism in Albania Breakup of Yugoslavia Dissolution of the Soviet Union Dissolution of Czechoslovakia

Frozen conflicts	Abkhazia China Korea Nagorno-Karabakh South Ossetia Transnistria Sino-Indian border dispute

Foreign policy	Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Containment Eisenhower Doctrine Domino theory Hallstein Doctrine Kennedy Doctrine Peaceful coexistence Ostpolitik Johnson Doctrine Brezhnev Doctrine Nixon Doctrine Ulbricht Doctrine Carter Doctrine Reagan Doctrine Rollback Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War

Ideologies	Capitalism Chicago school Keynesianism Monetarism Neoclassical economics Reaganomics Supply-side economics Thatcherism Communism Marxism–Leninism Castroism Eurocommunism Guevarism Hoxhaism Juche Maoism Naxalism Stalinism Titoism Liberal democracy Social democracy

Organizations	ASEAN CIA Comecon EEC KGB Non-Aligned Movement SAARC Safari Club MI6 Stasi

Propaganda	Active measures Izvestia Pravda Crusade for Freedom Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Red Scare TASS Voice of America Voice of Russia

Races	Arms race Nuclear arms race Space Race

See also	Brinkmanship NATO–Russia relations Soviet espionage in the United States Russian espionage in the United States American espionage in the Soviet Union Soviet Union–United States relations US–Soviet summits

Category Portal Timeline List of conflicts

Pakistan Armed Forces

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Navy	Bases Ahsan Naval Base Hameed Naval Base Jinnah Naval Base Kalmat Naval Base Karachi Naval Dockyard Mehran Naval Base Qasim Naval Base Chief of Naval Staff Education and training Naval Academy Navy Engineering College Navy run basic education schools Navy School of Logistics and Management Navy War College PNS Karsaz Hospitals PNS Darmaan Jah PNS Rahat PNS Shifa List of admirals Maritime Museum Naval Headquarters Naval ranks and insignia Squadrons and commands Marines Naval Air Arm Naval Intelligence Naval Strategic Forces Command Navy Hydrographic Department Navy Punjab Command Navy Western Command Special Services Group Navy Vessels

Paramilitary forces	Airports Security Force Coast Guards Frontier Constabulary Frontier Corps Bajaur Scouts Chagai Militia Chitral Scouts Gilgit Baltistan Scouts Kharan Rifles Khyber Rifles Zhob Militia Maritime Security Agency National Guard Rangers

Wars and conflicts	India-Pakistan War(s) of 1947-1948 / 1965 / 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War 1967 Israeli-Arab war 1973 Israeli-Arab war Jordan-Palestine Liberation Organization conflict 1970s Baloch insurgency Grand Mosque in Saudi Arabia seizure Soviet-Afghan war Siachen conflict 1991 Gulf War Kargil conflict War in North-West Pakistan

Related	Defence Housing Authority Defence industry of Pakistan Air Weapons Complex Defence Science and Technology Organisation Global Industrial Defence Solutions Heavy Industries Taxila Institute of Optronics Integrated Defence Systems Integrated Dynamics Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works Khan Research Laboratories Marine Systems Limited National Development Complex National Engineering and Scientific Commission Pakistan Aeronautical Complex Pakistan Ordnance Factories SATUMA Wah Metallurgical Laboratory Khyber Border Coordination Center Women in the Pakistan Armed Forces

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