2008 in spaceflight

For launches in the first half of the year, see 2008 in spaceflight (January–June), for launches in the second half, see 2008 in spaceflight (July–December)
2008 in spaceflight

The first Automated Transfer Vehicle, Jules Verne approaches the ISS
Orbital launches
First 15 January
Last 25 December
Total 69
Successes 66
Failures 2
Partial failures 1
Catalogued 67
National firsts
Satellite  Venezuela  Vietnam
Space traveller  South Korea
Rockets
Maiden flights Ariane 5ES
Long March 3C
PSLV-XL
Safir
Zenit-3SLB
Retirements H-IIA 2024
Manned flights
Orbital 7
Total travellers 37

The year 2008 contained several significant events in spaceflight, including the first flyby of Mercury by a spacecraft since 1975, the discovery of water ice on Mars by the Phoenix spacecraft, which landed in May, the first Chinese spacewalk in September, and the launch of the first Indian Lunar probe in October.

Overview

The internationally accepted definition of a spaceflight is any flight which crosses the Kármán line, 100 kilometres above sea level. The first recorded spaceflight launch of the year occurred on 11 January, when a Black Brant was launched on a suborbital trajectory from White Sands, with the LIDOS ultraviolet astronomy payload.[1] This was followed by the first orbital launch of the year on 15 January, by a Sea Launch Zenit-3SL, with the Thuraya 3 communications satellite.[2] The launch marked the return to flight for Sea Launch following the explosion of a Zenit-3SL on the launch pad the previous January during an attempt to launch the NSS-8 satellite.

The fourth Falcon 1 launches with RatSat

Five carrier rockets made their maiden flights in 2008; the Ariane 5ES, Long March 3C, Zenit-3SLB, PSLV-XL, and the operational version of the Falcon 1, with an uprated Merlin-1C engine.[3] These were all derived from existing systems. The Blue Sparrow and Sejjil missiles also conducted their maiden flights, and the ATK Launch Vehicle made its only flight, but was destroyed by range safety after it went off course. In November, the baseline Proton-M was retired in favour of the Enhanced variant, first launched in 2007.

The first Vietnamese and Venezuelan satellites, Vinasat-1 and Venesat-1 respectively, were launched in 2008, while a failed Iranian launch was reported to have been that country's first indigenous orbital launch attempt. In September, SpaceX conducted the first successful orbital launch of a privately developed and funded liquid-fuelled carrier rocket, when the fourth Falcon 1 launched RatSat, following previous failures in 2006, 2007, and August.

Space exploration

The discovery of water ice on Mars

India launched its first Lunar probe, Chandraayan-1, on 22 October, with the spacecraft entering selenocentric orbit on 8 November. On 16 November, the Moon Impact Probe was released, and crashed into the Lunar surface. Although no other spacecraft were launched beyond geocentric orbit in 2008, several significant events occurred in interplanetary flights which had been launched in previous years. MESSENGER conducted flybys of Mercury in January and October, the first spacecraft to do so since Mariner 10 in 1975. Cassini continued to make flybys of the moons of Saturn, including several close passes of Enceladus, one at a distance of 25 kilometres.[4] In September Rosetta flew past the asteroid 2867 Šteins. On 25 May, the Phoenix spacecraft landed in the Green Valley on Mars, where it discovered water ice.[5] Phoenix exceeded its design life of 90 days, finally failing on 10 November. The Ulysses spacecraft, launched in 1990, was also retired in 2008.[6]

Manned spaceflight

Seven manned flights were launched in 2008, one by China, two by Russia and four by the United States. In April, Yi So-yeon became the first South Korean to fly in space, aboard Soyuz TMA-12. On the same flight, Sergey Volkov became the first second-generation cosmonaut. Yi returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TMA-11, which nearly ended in disaster following a separation failure between the descent and service modules, resulting in a ballistic reentry.[7] In September, China conducted its third manned mission, Shenzhou 7, from which Zhai Zhigang and Liu Boming conducted the first Chinese spacewalk.[8] Soyuz TMA-13, launched in October, was the hundredth flight of the Soyuz programme to carry a crew at some point in its mission.[9]

Assembly of the International Space Station continued, with the delivery of the Columbus module by Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-122 in February. March saw the launch of the Jules Verne Automated Transfer Vehicle, an unmanned European spacecraft which was used to resupply the space station. Also in March, Space Shuttle Endeavour launched on STS-123 with the first component of the Japanese Experiment Module, the Experiment Logistics Module. STS-123 marked the final flight of the Spacelab programme, with a SpaceLab pallet used to carry the Canadian-built Dextre RMS extension. The second JEM component, the main pressurised module, was launched by STS-124, flown by Discovery in May. In November, Endeavour launched on the STS-126 logistics flight, with the Leonardo MPLM.

Launch failures

On 14 March, a Proton-M with a Briz-M upper stage launched AMC-14. Several hours later, on 15 March, the Briz-M engine cut off prematurely during a burn,[10] leaving the satellite in a medium Earth orbit. Following a small legal dispute,[11] the satellite was sold, and raised to a geosynchronous orbit by its manoeuvring thrusters, at the expense of a large amount of its fuel and hence operational life.

On 3 August, SpaceX launched the third Falcon 1. Due to residual thrust caused by the upgraded Merlin-1C engine which was being flown for the first time, the first stage recontacted the second during staging, resulting in the rocket failing to reach orbit. The Trailblazer, PreSat and NanoSail-D satellites were lost in the failure, as was a space burial capsule, containing the remains of several hundred people, including astronaut Gordon Cooper, actor James Doohan, writer and director John Meredyth Lucas and Apollo mission planner Mareta West.[12]

On 16 August, Iran launched a Safir, which though officially successful, was reported to have failed due to a second stage malfunction. The purpose of this launch is in doubt, as before the launch it was claimed that it would place the Omid into orbit, whilst following the launch, it was reported that a boilerplate payload had been launched.[13] Other reports indicated that the launch was only a suborbital test of the rocket.[14] If this was an orbital launch attempt, it was the first Iranian attempt to launch a satellite.

On 22 August, the inaugural launch of the Alliant Techsystems ALV X-1 was terminated 27 seconds after launch from Wallops Flight Facility when it veered off course. Both hypersonic physics experiments on board were destroyed.[15]

Summary of launches

The ATK Launch Vehicle, launched on a suborbital flight in August

In total, sixty nine orbital launches were made in 2008, with sixty seven reaching orbit, and two outright failures if the Iranian launch in August is counted.[3] This is an increase of one orbital launch attempt on 2007, with two more launches reaching orbit, which continues a trend of increasing launch rates seen since 2006. The final launch of the year was conducted on 25 December, by a Proton-M with three GLONASS navigation satellites for the Russian government.

Launch of an SM-3 missile to destroy USA-193

Suborbital spaceflight in 2008 saw a number of sounding rocket and missile launches. On 21 February, a RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 was used as an anti-satellite weapon to destroy the USA-193 satellite. USA-193 was a US spy satellite which had failed immediately after launch in 2006.[16][17]

By country

China conducted twelve orbital launches of a planned fifteen. Europe had intended to conduct seven launches of Ariane 5 rockets, and the maiden flight of the Vega rocket, however payload delays pushed one of the Arianes into 2009, and the Vega was delayed due to development issues. India had originally scheduled five to seven launches, however only three of these were conducted, mostly due to delays with the launch of Chandraayan-1. Japan scheduled three launches for 2008, of which one was launched; an H-IIA with WINDS in February. Russia and the former Soviet Union conducted twenty six launches, not including the international Sea and Land launch programmes, which conducted six. Fourteen launches were conducted by the United States, which had originally announced plans to launch many more, however technical issues with several rockets, particularly the Atlas V, Delta II and Falcon 1, caused a number of delays. The Atlas problems, combined with a series of delays to the launch of NRO L-26 on a Delta IV, resulted in just two of ten planned EELV launches being conducted.[3][18] Two of six planned Space Shuttle launches were also delayed to 2009, one due to problems with External Tank delivery, and another due to a major systems failure on the Hubble Space Telescope, which it was to have serviced. Israel was not reported to have scheduled, or conducted an orbital launch attempt.

Deep Space Rendezvous

Date (GMT) Spacecraft Event Remarks
5 January Cassini 40th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,010 kilometres (630 mi)
14 January MESSENGER 1st flyby of Mercury Closest approach: 200 kilometres (120 mi) at 19:04 GMT[19]
22 February Cassini 41st flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
12 March Cassini 3rd flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 52 kilometres (32 mi)
25 March Cassini 42nd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
12 May Cassini 43rd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
25 May Phoenix Landing on Mars Region D, Arctic area - Green Valley, near the Heimdal crater: 68°N, 236°E. Touchdown at 23:38 GMT. Successful[20]
28 May Cassini 44th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,400 kilometres (870 mi)
31 July Cassini 45th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,613 kilometres (1,002 mi)
11 August Cassini 4th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 54 kilometres (34 mi)
5 September Rosetta Flyby of 2867 Šteins

Closest approach: 800 kilometres (500 mi)

6 October MESSENGER 2nd flyby of Mercury
9 October Cassini 5th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 25 kilometres (16 mi)
31 October Cassini 6th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
3 November Cassini 46th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,100 kilometres (680 mi)
8 November Chandrayaan-1 Injection into Selenocentric orbit Periselene: 504 kilometres (313 mi), Aposelene: 7,502 kilometres (4,662 mi)[21]
14 November MIP Landing on the Moon Lunar Impactor
19 November Cassini 47th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,023 kilometres (636 mi)
5 December Cassini 48th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 960 kilometres (600 mi)
21 December Cassini 49th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 970 kilometres (600 mi)
Distant, non-targeted flybys of Dione, Enceladus, Mimas, Tethys and Titan by Cassini occurred throughout the year.

EVAs

Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Function Remarks
30 January
09:56[22]		 7 hours
10 minutes		 17:06[23] Expedition 16
(ISS Quest)		 United StatesPeggy Whitson
United StatesDaniel M. Tani		 Replace motor and bearing in solar array joint
11 February
14:13[24]		 7 hours
58 minutes		 22:11[24] STS-122
(ISS Quest)		 United StatesRex J. Walheim
United StatesStanley G. Love		 Install Power Data Grapple Fixture on Columbus Originally to have been conducted by Walheim and Hans Schlegel, Love replaced Schlegel on medical grounds.[25]
13 February
14:27[26]		 6 hours
45 minutes		 21:12[26] STS-122
(ISS Quest)		 United StatesRex J. Walheim
GermanyHans Schlegel		 Replace depleted nitrogen tank
15 February
12:07[26]		 7 hours
25 minutes		 20:32[26] STS-122
(ISS Quest)		 United StatesRex J. Walheim
United StatesStanley G. Love		 Install experiments on Columbus, load failed gyroscope onto Shuttle for return to Earth
14 March
01:18[27]		 7 hours
1 minute		 08:19[27] STS-123
(ISS Quest)		 United StatesRichard M. Linnehan
United StatesGarrett Reisman		 Install Kibo ELM-PS and start Dextre assembly
15 March
23:49[28]		 7 hours
8 minutes		 16 March
06:57[28]		 STS-123
(ISS Quest)		 United StatesRichard M. Linnehan
United StatesMichael Foreman		 Dextre assembly
17 March
22:52[28]		 6 hours
53 minutes		 18 March
05:44[28]		 STS-123
(ISS Quest)		 United StatesRichard M. Linnehan
United StatesRobert L. Behnken		 Dextre assembly, install MISSE-6 experiment, and store spare parts outside the ISS MISSE installation failed[28]
20 March
22:04[28]		 6 hours
24 minutes		 21 March
04:08[28]		 STS-123
(ISS Quest)		 United StatesRobert L. Behnken
United StatesMichael Foreman		 Test heat shield repair techniques
22 March
20:34[28]		 6 hours
2 minutes		 23 March
02:36[28]		 STS-123
(ISS Quest)		 United StatesRobert L. Behnken
United StatesMichael Foreman		 Store OBSS on ISS, retry MISSE-6 installation[29]
3 June
16:22[30]		 6 hours
48 minutes[31]		 23:10[31] STS-124
(ISS Quest)		 United StatesMike Fossum
United StatesRon Garan		 Install JEM Pressurised Module, Inspect SARJ, retrieve OBSS.[30]
5 June
15:04[31]		 7 hours
11 minutes[31]		 22:15[31] STS-124
(ISS Quest)		 United StatesMike Fossum
United StatesRon Garan		 Adjust covers on JEM, Inspect SARJ.[32]
8 June
13:55[31]		 6 hours
33 minutes[31]		 20:28[31] STS-124
(ISS Quest)		 United StatesMike Fossum
United StatesRon Garan		 Replace nitrogen tank, inspect SARJ.[33]
10 July
18:48[34]		 6 hours
18 minutes[34]		 11 July
01:06[34]		 Expedition 17
(ISS Pirs)[34]		 RussiaSergei Volkov
RussiaOleg Kononenko		 Remove pyrotechnic bolt from Soyuz TMA-12 for inspection.[35]
15 July
17:08[34]		 5 hours
54 minutes[34]		 23:02[34] Expedition 17
(ISS Pirs)[34]		 RussiaSergei Volkov
RussiaOleg Kononenko		 Install docking targeting equipment, rotate exposed experiments[36]
27 September
08:38		 22 minutes 09:00 Shenzhou 7 ChinaZhai Zhigang (full)
ChinaLiu Boming (stand-up)		 Test spacesuit, collect experiment First Chinese EVA
18 November
18:09		 6 hours
52 minutes		 19 November
01:01		 STS-126
(ISS Quest)		 United StatesHeidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper
United StatesStephen G. Bowen		 Transferred an empty nitrogen tank assembly from ESP3 to the shuttle's cargo bay, transferred a new flex hose rotary coupler to ESP3 for future use, removed an insulation cover on the Kibo Exposed Facility berthing mechanism, began cleaning and lubrication of the starboard SARJ, and replacement of its 11 trundle bearing assemblies.[37][38]
20 November
17:58		 6 hours
45 minutes		 21 November
00:43		 STS-126
(ISS Quest)		 United StatesHeidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper
United StatesRobert S. Kimbrough		 Relocated the two CETA carts from the starboard side of the Mobile Transporter to the port side, lubricated the station robotic arm's latching end effector A snare bearings, continued cleaning and lubrication of the starboard SARJ[39][40][41] Conducted on tenth anniversary of the launch of the ISS[39]
22 November
18:01		 6 hours
57 minutes		 23 November
00:58		 STS-126
(ISS Quest)		 United StatesHeidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper
United StatesStephen G. Bowen		 Completed cleaning and lubrication of all but one of the trundle bearing assemblies (TBA) on the starboard SARJ.[42][43]
24 November
18:24		 6 hours
7 minutes		 25 November
00:31		 STS-126
(ISS Quest)		 United StatesStephen G. Bowen
United StatesRobert S. Kimbrough		 Completed replacement of trundle bearing assemblies on starboard SARJ, lubricated the port SARJ, installed a video camera, re‐installed insulation covers on the Kibo External Facility berthing mechanism, performed Kibo robotic arm grounding tab maintenance, installed spacewalk handrails on Kibo, installed Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) antennae on Kibo, photographed radiators, and photographed trailing umbilical system cables.[44]
23 December
00:51		 5 hours
38 minutes		 06:29 Expedition 18
(ISS Pirs)		 United StatesMichael Fincke
RussiaYuri Lonchakov		 Install Langmuir probe, EXPOSE-R and IPI-SM experiments.[45] EXPOSE-R installation failed[45]

Orbital launch summary

By country

China: 11 Europe: 6 India: 3 International: 6 Iran: 1 Japan: 1 Russia: 26 USA: 15Circle frame.svg
Country Launches Successes Failures Partial
failures		 Remarks
 China 11 11 0 0
 Europe 6 6 0 0
 India 3 3 0 0
United Nations International 6 6 0 0 Sea Launch / Land Launch
 Iran 1 0 1 0 First orbital launch attempt[46]
 Japan 1 1 0 0
 Russia /
 CIS 		26 25 0 1
 United States 15 14 1 0
World 69 66 2 1

By rocket

By family

Family Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Ariane  Europe 6 6 0 0
Atlas  United States 2 2 0 0
Delta  United States 5 5 0 0
H-II  Japan 1 1 0 0
Falcon  United States 2 1 1 0
Long March  People's Republic of China 11 11 0 0
Pegasus  United States 2 2 0 0
PSLV  India 3 3 0 0
R-7  Russia 10 10 0 0
R-14  Russia 3 3 0 0
R-36  Ukraine 2 2 0 0
Safir  Iran 1 0 1 0 Maiden flight
Space Shuttle  United States 4 4 0 0
Universal Rocket  Russia 11 10 0 1
Zenit  Ukraine /  Russia 6 6 0 0

By type

Rocket Country Family Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Ariane 5  Europe Ariane 6 6 0 0
Atlas V  United States Atlas 2 2 0 0
Delta II  United States Delta 5 5 0 0
Dnepr  Ukraine R-36 2 2 0 0
H-IIA  Japan H-II 1 1 0 0
Falcon 1  United States Falcon 2 1 1 0
Kosmos  Russia R-12/R-14 3 3 0 0
Long March 2  People's Republic of China Long March 4 4 0 0
Long March 3  People's Republic of China Long March 4 4 0 0
Long March 4  People's Republic of China Long March 3 3 0 0
Molniya  Russia R-7 1 1 0 0
Pegasus  United States Pegasus 2 2 0 0
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle  India PSLV 3 3 0 0
Proton  Russia Universal Rocket 10 9 0 1
Safir  Iran Safir 1 0 1 0 Maiden flight
Soyuz  Russia R-7 8 8 0 0
Soyuz-2  Russia R-7 1 1 0 0
Space Shuttle  United States Space Shuttle 4 4 0 0
UR-100  Russia Universal Rocket 1 1 0 0
Zenit  Ukraine /  Russia Zenit 6 6 0 0

By configuration

By launch site

Site Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Baikonur  Kazakhstan 19 18 0 1
Cape Canaveral  United States 3 3 0 0
Dombarovsky  Russia 1 1 0 0
Jiuquan  People's Republic of China 3 3 0 0
Kapustin Yar  Russia 1 1 0 0
Kennedy  United States 4 4 0 0
Kwajalein Atoll  Marshall Islands 4 3 1 0 Two launches used Stargazer aircraft
Kourou  France 6 6 0 0
Ocean Odyssey United Nations International 5 5 0 0
Plesetsk  Russia 6 6 0 0
Satish Dhawan  India 3 3 0 0
Semnan  Iran 1 0 1 0 First orbital launch attempt
Taiyuan  People's Republic of China 4 4 0 0
Tanegashima  Japan 1 1 0 0
Vandenberg  United States 4 4 0 0
Xichang  People's Republic of China 4 4 0 0

By orbit

Orbital regime Launches Successes Failures Accidentally
Achieved		 Remarks
Low Earth orbit 36 34 2 0 11 to ISS
Medium Earth orbit 4 4 0 1
Geosynchronous/transfer 25 24 1 0
High Earth orbit 4 4 0 0 Including lunar transfer and Molniya orbits

See also

References
Generic references:

Footnotes

  1. ↑ "36.243 UG McCandliss/Johns Hopkins University". NASA Sounding Rockets Office. 11 January 2008. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
  2. ↑ McDowell, Dr. Jonathan (2008-03-14). "Issue 593". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
  3. 1 2 3 Krebs, Gunter (2008-03-15). "Orbital Launches of 2008". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 30 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
  4. ↑ Baldwin, Emily (2008-10-08). "Cassini prepares for double flyby of Enceladus". Astronomy Now. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  5. ↑ "NASA Phoenix Mars Lander Confirms Frozen Water". NASA. 2008-06-20. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  6. ↑ "Ulysses". Science and Technology. ESA. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  7. ↑ Harwood, William (2008-05-02). "Whitson describes rough Soyuz entry and landing". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  8. ↑ Clark, Stephen (2008-09-27). "China accomplishes its first spacewalk". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  9. ↑ Pearlman, Robert Z. "The 100th Soyuz flight that (maybe) isn't". collectSPACE. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
  10. ↑ Slimmer, Fran (2008-03-14). "ILS Declares Proton Launch Anomaly". International Launch Services. Archived from the original on 18 March 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
  11. ↑ "Boeing Patent Shuts Down AMC-14 Lunar Flyby Salvage Attempt". Space-Travel.com. 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  12. ↑ "Participants". The Explorers Flight. Celestis. Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  13. ↑ "Iran says it has put first dummy satellite in orbit, sparks U.S. concern". www.hurriyet.com.tr. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
  14. ↑ Karimi, Nasser (2008-08-17). "Iran tests rocket for future launch of satellite". Fox News. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  15. ↑ Tennant, Diane (22 August 2008). "NASA destroys rocket shortly after launch at Wallops Island". Virginian Pilot. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  16. ↑ "U.S. to launch missile at broken satellite". MSNBC. 2008-02-14. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
  17. ↑ "US Missile hits 'toxic satellite'". BBC News. 2008-02-21. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
  18. ↑ Halvorson, Todd (2008-01-02). "Lofty Launch Goals Set for 2008". Space.com. Archived from the original on 15 December 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
  19. ↑ "NASA Selects 23 Participating Scientists for MESSENGER Mission to Mercury". Mercury Today. 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2008-03-17.
  20. ↑ "NASA's Phoenix lands successfully on Mars". NASASpaceflight.com. 2008-05-25. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
  21. ↑ "Chandrayaan-1 Successfully Enters Lunar Orbit". ISRO. 2008-11-08. Archived from the original on 18 November 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
  22. ↑ Harwood, William (2008-01-30). "Station spacewalk begins". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  23. ↑ Harwood, William (2008-01-30). "Spacewalk concludes". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  24. 1 2 Ray, Justin (2008-02-11). "STS-122 Mission Status Center". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  25. ↑ Harwood, William (2008-02-09). "Spacewalk delayed 24 hours by crew medical issue". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  26. 1 2 3 4 Harwood, William (2008-02-20). "STS-122 Archive". CBS News. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  27. 1 2 Harwood, William (2008-03-14). "STS-123 Archive". CBS News. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ray, Justin (2008-03-24). "STS-123 - Mission Status Center". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
  29. ↑ Gebhardt, Chris (2008-03-23). "STS-123: Final EVA completed as OBSS takes up ISS stay". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 2008-03-23.
  30. 1 2 Bergin, Chris (2008-06-03). "Kibo joins the ISS during EVA-1, SARJ issue - No Focused Inspection". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ray, Justin (2008-05-31). "STS-124 Mission Status Center". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2008-05-31.
  32. ↑ Bergin, Chris (2008-06-05). "STS-124: EVA-2 aids Kibo/SARJ - OBSS issue evaluated". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
  33. ↑ Bergin, Chris (2008-06-05). "EVA-3 checks SARJ, relocates NTA - Endeavour APU changeout". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ray, Justin (2008-07-10). "Mission Status Center". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
  35. ↑ Harwood, William (2008-07-10). "Spacewalkers to cut open Soyuz and remove pyrobolt". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
  36. ↑ Harwood, William (2008-07-15). "Russian spacewalk concludes successfully". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
  37. ↑ "Astronauts Resume Spacewalk After Tools Lost". NASA. Archived from the original on 1 February 2010. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  38. ↑ Harwood, William. "Bag of tools escapes from spacewalker and floats away". Spaceflightnow.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2009. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  39. 1 2 Bergin, Chris. "EVA-2 marks 10th birthday for ISS". NASA Spaceflight.com. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
  40. ↑ Harwood, William. "Spacewalk No. 2 ends". Spaceflightnow.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2009. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
  41. ↑ NASA (2008-11-20). "STS-126 MCC Status Report #13". NASA. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
  42. ↑ Harwood, William. "One trundle bearing left for final spacewalk". Spaceflightnow.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2009. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
  43. ↑ Harwood, William. "Spacewalk No. 3 ends". Spaceflightnow.com. Archived from the original on 2 January 2009. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
  44. ↑ Harwood, William (24 November 2008). "Spacewalk No. 4 ends". Spaceflightnow.com. Archived from the original on 2 January 2009. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
  45. 1 2 Bergin, Chris (2008-12-23). "ISS Spacewalk completed - SARJ results show promise following STS-126 work". NASASpaceflight.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
  46. ↑ McDowell, Dr. Jonathan (2008-09-04). "Issue 599". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  47. ↑ Bergin, Chris (2008-09-28). "LIVE: Space X's Falcon I launch success". NASASpaceflight.com. Archived from the original on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-29.

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