2006 Manchester, New Hampshire, police officer shooting

Manchester, New Hampshire

The 2006 Manchester, New Hampshire, police officer shooting was an incident that took place on October 16, 2006, in Manchester, New Hampshire, United States. The incident occurred when police officer Michael Briggs was shot while on duty. Briggs was later transported to the hospital before dying of his injuries. The suspect, Michael "Stix" Addison, fled the state of New Hampshire, prompting a manhunt by police. Fifteen hours after the shooting, Addison was arrested in Dorchester, Massachusetts, waived domestic extradition and was transported back to New Hampshire.[1] Prior to his return to New Hampshire, Addison was charged by Boston Police with being a fugitive from justice. Addison was transported to the Suffolk County Jail with $2 million (2006 US$) in bail (contrary to other news reports).[2][3][4] The incident prompted prosecutors to seek the death penalty for Michael Addison, which caused a debate about the place of capital punishment in New Hampshire.[5] Recent news reports indicated that the October 16, 2006 shooting and a string of crimes that occurred a week earlier resulted in the arrest and questioning of two more people connected with Addison.[6]

A week after the shooting, a memorial service was held on October 21, 2006, and state and local politicians and various charity organizations expressed their condolences to the Briggs family and the community of Manchester. In January 2007, the Manchester Police Department retired Michael Briggs' badge number in honor of the fallen officer. In March 2007 a trial date for Addison was set for early September 2008.

The capital murder trial of Michael Addison was the first for the state of New Hampshire since Gordon E. Perry was indicted for capital murder charges for the shooting of Officer Jeremy Charron in 1997.[7]

Background

Michael Briggs

Michael Briggs (1971–2006) was born in Epsom, New Hampshire, and served in the United States Marines from 1991–1995 after graduating from Pembroke Academy in 1990. From 1995–2001 he worked as a correctional officer and a police officer for the Epsom Police Department from 1995–1998. On May 2, 2001, Briggs became a police officer for the Manchester Police Department and was assigned as a bicycle police officer. Briggs graduated from the New Hampshire Police Academy in November 2001. In 2004, he received a life-saving medal after saving residents from a burning building. He was awarded the Congressional Law Enforcement Award in October 2005 for the same actions. Briggs was a member of the New Hampshire Police Association and friend and co-worker of Jeremy Charron, who died in August 1997.[1][2][8] Briggs was married and the father of two young sons.

Michael K. Addison

The defense sought to convince jurors that Addison's troubled upbringing living between his grandmother's home in Brockton, Massachusetts and one of Boston's most violent and drug-ridden housing projects in the Roxbury neighborhood, being raised by an alcoholic mother, and a father who abandoned him as reasons why he should not be put to death.

Born in Boston on March 19, 1980, Michael Addison was abandoned by his biological father, Michael Wilson. He was adopted by Lucious Addison, a disabled Vietnam veteran, and Rosetta Addison, his maternal grandmother who legally adopted him from the age of two. Lucious and Rosetta later divorced, and Rosetta reared her own teenage children and "Little Michael" in what was described as a chaotic setting.[9] He attended high school in Dorchester but did not graduate.

According to court records, in the ten years before the October 16, 2006 shooting, Addison had numerous run-ins with the police. On August 10, 1996 he beat Cheryl Kiser (his birth mother) and threatened to kill her. According to court filings, Kiser was a fifteen-year-old girl with a history of psychiatric problems who neglected her prenatal care and who engaged in violence, drug abuse and alcohol abuse during her pregnancy with Michael. There were, according to the defense filing, serious prenatal and peri-natal complications of Kiser's pregnancy with Michael Addison resulting in impaired brain function. Addison was charged in South Boston Juvenile Court with delinquent threatening and delinquent assault and battery against Kiser. He pleaded delinquent, and both charges were placed on file for the first-time offender.

According to court records, Addison was still a 16-year-old juvenile in 1996 when he pointed a revolver in another Dorchester high school student's face. The gun misfired; Manuel Andrade was spared. Firearms expert Marc Dupre testified that the gun was in poor condition, but it was capable of firing a bullet. He said it might have been able to fire after several squeezes of the trigger or after moving the cylinder slightly. Addison was one of the first juveniles to be indicted under Massachusetts' new youthful offender law, which allowed him to be prosecuted as an adult and face potential adult penalties. He was subsequently charged with assault with intent to kill, assault and battery, and possession of a firearm and ammunition without a permit. On July 21, 1997, he pleaded guilty to the three charges and was committed to state Department of Youth Services custody until his 21st birthday, followed by a suspended term of adult incarceration of from two to three years.

According to court records, while out on bail awaiting trial for the 1996 offense, the day after his 17th birthday, Addison was charged with armed robbery and two counts of assault and battery with a dangerous weapon when he robbed, kicked, and stabbed Tredaine Purdy with a knife in the lower back at a park in neighboring Roxbury on March 20, 1997. Addison pleaded guilty in December, 1997, to armed robbery and two counts of assault and battery with a dangerous weapon—the armed assault with intent to murder charge was dismissed under the plea agreement—that resulted in Addison being sentenced 2–3 years (to run concurrent with the prior sentence) in secure juvenile facilities and state prison in Massachusetts, with three years of supervised probation to follow release from prison on his 21st birthday.

Addison was freed early, in September 2000, and met with his probation officer who was preparing paperwork to transfer his probation to New Hampshire. However, Addison skipped town without the requisite permission. In November, 2000, a warrant was issued for his arrest. He was brought to court in June, 2001, and was released on bail pending a hearing on the matter. However, he failed to appear for the hearing, and a second bench warrant was issued for the probation violation in July of that year.

At the time of the Briggs shooting, Michael "Stix" Addison was a resident of Manchester. Addison had previous encounters with Officer Briggs in New Hampshire. In 2002, Addison was arrested by Briggs near the Queen City Bridge in Manchester.[10] In March 2003, Addison received first aid from Briggs after a shooting incident, assistance that ironically may have saved Addison's life.[11] The shooter, Thomas Williams, was arrested July 15, 2003, and pleaded guilty in March, 2004. In October, 2006, he reached a deal for a shortened sentence contingent upon his testifying for the prosecution in the Officer Briggs murder case.

In October 2003, Addison was arrested in Londonderry, New Hampshire, and charged with false imprisonment, criminal restraint, prowling and criminal threatening.[12] Addison pleaded guilty to criminal restraint of Brian St. Peter in the dispute over drug money, a misdemeanor; he was sentenced to six months in the Rockingham County House of Corrections. The other charges were dropped in the plea deal, but on August 6, 2004, Addison stipulated to the fact that he was in violation of his Massachusetts probation by virtue of the false imprisonment.[13] His probation was revoked, and he was sentenced to two to six months in the Suffolk County House of Correction for violating the terms of his probation.

For two years following that incarceration, Addison was apparently uninvolved in criminal activity until the crime spree in the week preceding the Officer Briggs shooting. According to court records, Addison was convicted of participating with Antoine Bell-Rogers in three separate felonies in the six days preceding the Briggs shooting.

The shooting

On October 16, 2006, Officer Michael Briggs and his partner John Breckenridge were responding to a domestic disturbance call involving Addison and Antoine Bell-Rodgers. When the two officers spotted the suspects, Briggs ordered them to stop. Bell-Rodgers stopped but Addison continued walking away. When Officer Briggs commanded Addison to stop, Addison turned and shot Briggs. Bell-Rodgers surrendered to police but Addison fled the crime scene. Later, police found Addison's gun and T-shirt.[14] In a court reenactment, eyewitnesses claimed that moments before the shooting, they saw a dark gray van and two men jumping out of it and running north towards Lincoln Street where the shooting took place.[15]

A manhunt was launched after the shooting, as SWAT teams and local police searched throughout the city of Manchester looking for Addison. A SWAT team showed up at an apartment building where Addison's girlfriend Angela Swist lived and found clothing stained with blood in a bathtub and a bottle of bleach nearby and questioned Swist. Later the police executed search warrants at two other apartment buildings where they found more evidence.[16] The manhunt forced several schools to be placed under lockdown as police and SWAT teams searched vehicles leaving or coming to work or school.[17] The search later expanded into Massachusetts after an Internet search revealed Addison's previous address in Massachusetts and police using GPS to track his cell phone calls to an apartment building outside of Boston where Addison was later found by police.[1][18][19] After a stand-off with police, Addison was soon arrested.[16][20]

Extradition and charges

Addison was extradited back to New Hampshire[1] and denied his role in the murder. During a taped interview, Addison told his story six different times before confessing to authorities that he shot at the police officers coming towards him.[16] The Manchester District Court charged Addison with capital murder.[11] Attorney General Kelly Ayotte sought the death penalty as stated under New Hampshire state law that a murder of a police officer may be punishable by death.[21] Later Addison was also charged with armed robbery, conspiracy and felony possession of a firearm in relation to a five-day crime spree that started a week before the homicide.[22]

Investigation and further arrests

An investigation conducted by local officials followed the shooting.

OCT. 10, 2006 Antoine Bell-Rogers robs owner of El Mexicano restaurant in Manchester at gunpoint, firing one shot into the ceiling and one into the floor between the owner's legs, while Michael K. Addison robs a customer at knifepoint of $300 and a cell phone.

OCT. 11, 2006 Addison holds female clerk at 7-Eleven convenience store in Hudson at gunpoint while Bell-Rogers steals $280. During the investigation two women connected to Michael Addison, Angela Swist and Teresia Shipley, turned themselves in to police after authorities issued warrants for their arrest. During an interview with police, one of the women, Angela Swist, told officers that she drove Addison and Anthonie Rodgers to the 7-Eleven on October 11, where Addison and his accomplice robbed the store and fled. She also admitted that she was the driver of the get-away car.[23]

OCT. 15, 2006 Addison and Bell-Rogers are involved in a gunfire incident on Edward J. Roy Drive in Manchester. Antoine Bell-Rogers, one of the men arrested at the scene of the October 16, 2006 patrolman shooting, was charged with firing a handgun at an apartment and felony possession of a firearm but was not charged in connection with the shooting of officer Michael Briggs. A grand jury, however, charged Bell-Rogers with armed robbery and conspiracy after robbing a convenience store five days before the shooting. A bail of $50,000 (2006 USD) was set in October 2006 and was upheld in January 2007.[24] On March 5, 2007, Bell-Rodgers asked the court to have his felony charges dropped.[25] On March 28, 2007, the Hillsborough County Superior Court re-indicted Bell-Rogers of the weapons charges after a defense lawyer tried to dismiss Bell-Rogers original indictment.[26] That same day, Teresia Shipley pleaded guilty for the charges of helping Addison rob a convenience store days before the shooting.[27]

After a number of charges were resolved either through conviction or plea, Antoine Bell-Rogers was sentenced to 60½ years in prison. (Source: WMUR Channel 9, April 30, 2008)

Trial and appeal

"[The defendant] argues, among other things, that because the State alleged, but the jury did not find, 'purpose to kill' as a statutory aggravating factor, and because in cases in which defendants did not purposely kill a police officer they were all sentenced to life imprisonment, his sentence is comparatively disproportionate....In this case, the jury rejected as 'not proven,' that the defendant purposely killed Officer Briggs. ... However, the jury unanimously found both that the defendant purposely inflicted serious bodily injury that resulted in the death of Officer Briggs, and that the defendant purposely engaged in conduct that he knew would create a grave risk of death to another and that resulted in the death of Officer Briggs. ... We, therefore, conclude that the defendant's argument does not draw a meaningful distinction for purposes of our comparative proportionality review."

The term "meaningful distinction" is key here, as the Attorney General, in oral argument, acknowledged on inquiry, "There is a difference".

The Court states their task: "[O]ur function is to identify an aberrant death sentence, not to search for proof that a defendant's sentence is perfectly symmetrical with the penalty imposed in all other similar cases...We hold that the death sentence imposed upon the defendant in this case is not 'excessive or disproportionate to the penalty imposed in similar cases, considering both the crime and the defendant.'"

Aftermath

Charities

The Manchester Police Patrolman's Association set up a charity fund for the Briggs family after the shooting.[51] A charity set up the Portsmouth Police Department raised over $13,000 (2006 USD), while residents of Portsmouth raised over $1,000 (2006 USD).[52] The Manchester Monarchs ice hockey team, in partnership with WGIR AM and FM radio, raised over $55,000 (2006 US$) through auctions.[53] The president of the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health gave the mayor of Manchester a $5,000 (2006 USD) check during a ceremony. The organization also set up a scholarship for the children of Michael Briggs which covers the tuition at the college in Manchester.[54] The only report of a charity scam was from Boston; this resulted in two men being arrested. Police reports indicated that the men took advantage of Officer Briggs' murder by going around and asking for money for the Briggs family. About 62 people were reported being scammed by the perpetrators.[55] Both men were charged with running the scam and impersonating police officers. Both men were also held on $10,000 (2006 USD) bail.[56]

Memorial

On October 21, 2006, family and friends of Michael Briggs and many others gathered at a memorial service held at the Lambert Funeral Home and later at the Merchantsauto.com Stadium after a long funeral procession through the city. Nearly 800-4,000 officers from across the state of New Hampshire were at the memorial service. Flowers and makeshift memorials were left at the police station as a tribute to Michael Briggs.[57][58] The American Red Cross also attended the memorial service.[59]

The funeral procession and memorial service closed down parts of Elm Street and suspended parking and meter restrictions (although some were reserved for the memorial service).[60]

The Union Leader newspaper named Michael Briggs as the New Hampshire Citizen of the year on December 31, 2006[61]

On January 27, 2007, the Manchester Police Department retired the badge number (number 83) of Officer Michael Briggs during a ceremony outside the police station.[62] In addition to the retirement of Michael Briggs' badge number, the police department presented the family the flag that flew over the police station the day of Briggs' death and a plaque that has Briggs' picture on it which hangs on the front lobby of the police department.[63]

On March 20, 2007, the New Hampshire Fisher Cats minor league baseball team announced that they will retire the number 83 in honor of Officer Briggs on May 21, 2007. The number will be retired next to the number of Jackie Robinson (which is 42). In addition, team members will wear special jerseys carrying the patch of the Manchester Police Department and Officer Briggs' badge number.[64]

In Epsom, a traffic circle (rotary) was renamed to honor Michael Briggs and Jeremy Charron on June 4, 2007.[65]

Responses

Political response

Local response

[82]

Media involvement

The shooting, the police dragnet, the capture of the suspect, the time lag until the officer's death, the funeral, the extradition, all the hearings and trials that took place thereafter, to say nothing of the potential for the ultimate punishment have made for high drama for New Hampshire media buffs.

Many local and state news media outlets in New Hampshire and Massachusetts reported the death and memorial of Officer Briggs. Many local newspapers like the New Hampshire Union Leader had special coverage of the shooting and memorial on their websites.[83] Other newspapers like the Portsmouth Herald, Boston Globe and the Washington Post also reported on the shooting and memorial of Michael Briggs.[5][84]

Many television stations in New Hampshire also reported on the shooting and memorial of the fallen officer. One station, WMUR, televised the funeral procession and memorial service on October 21, 2006.[60] However, a court ruling prohibited television and radio stations performing live broadcast of the murder trial (although one camera was allowed) according to a rule started by the New Hampshire Supreme Court in 2004.[85] WMUR petitioned that ruling, and on April 13, 2007 another court ruling stated that the pre-trial hearings could be broadcast on television on a one-hour delay in case something unexpected occurs that cannot be televised.[38] The local television station again petitioned for live, streaming coverage of the trial and the court granted their request over the defense team's objections, while limiting the scope of their coverage.

The shooting also attracted attention from television networks outside of New Hampshire, such as MSNBC and Fox News, which covered the shooting, trial and memorial on their websites.[86]

New Hampshire Public Radio also aired coverage of the death of Michael Briggs and the memorial service.[87]

Michael Briggs' memorial was also posted on social networking sites like MySpace[88] and YouTube.[89]

See also

References

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External links

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